Copper Concentrations Research Articles

Lead exposure of a fossorial rodent varies with the use of ammunition across the landscape

Exposure to heavy metals has been documented in a wide range of wildlife species, but infrequently in ground squirrels. This is despite their tendency to be targets of recreational shooters and the accumulation of lead ammunition in the soil environments they inhabit. We analyzed lead and copper concentrations in liver (nPb = 116, nCu = 101) and femur (nPb = 116, nCu = 116) of Piute ground squirrels (Urocitellus mollis) and in soil (n = 75) on public lands in southwestern Idaho to understand how lead exposure may vary across a gradient of intensities and histories of shooting activity. The liver and femur of squirrels from areas used for recreational shooting for >30 years had elevated lead concentrations relative to areas where shooting was rare or did not occur (our negative control), but as expected, lower than areas used for military target training for >70 years (our positive control). Lead concentration in soils were higher in areas used for military target training than in those used for recreational shooting. There were no differences in copper concentrations in biological or soil samples among sites. These data suggest that ground squirrels can be influenced by the history of lead use in their local environment, and they illustrate another pathway by which human activity can influence toxicant exposure to wildlife.

Unlocking higher yields in Urochloa brizantha: the role of basalt powder in enhancing soil nutrient availability

This study investigates the effect of basalt powder on soil fertility through changes in its chemical characteristics and the response of Urochloa brizantha to different application doses. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using two distinct soil types: Oxisol (OX) and Typic Quartzipsamment (TQ). Basalt powder dosages were determined based on the calcium levels required to adjust calcium contents in each soil (Ca2+) to recommended levels for the U. brizantha,ranging from 0 to 4 times the recommended amount. After 170 days of incubation, soil samples were collected for analysis to evaluate soil attributes. U. brizantha was then planted to assess the efficiency of basalt powder, which was harvested at 40 days after sowing (first cut) and 70 days after sowing (second cut). The accumulation of nutrients and shoot dry mass (SDM) production were subsequently measured. The findings revealed that applying the highest dose of basalt powder (96 Mg ha−1) substantially elevated pH, and increased concentrations of phosphorus (P), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), copper (Cu), boron (B), and silicon (Si) in Oxisol (OX), while decreasing aluminum (Al3+) contents in the same soil. Furthermore, an average increase in the SDM of both U. brizantha harvests was observed, with a 6% increase in TQ and a 27% increase in OX. Additionally, an increase in the accumulation of P, K, Ca, Mg, and sulphur (S) in the shoot dry mass of the plants was observed with the basalt powder doses. These findings suggest that basalt powder has the potential to be an environmentally friendly alternative for soil fertilization, with positive impacts on soil chemical attributes and plant growth and nutrition.

Mycobacterium marinum MMAR_0267-regulated copper utilization facilitates bacterial escape from phagolysosome

The host limits Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) by enriching copper in high concentrations. This research investigates how Mtb escapes copper stress. The membrane protein encoded by Mtb Rv0102, when its homolog in M. smegmatis (MSMEG_4702) was knocked out, resulted in a fourfold decrease in intracellular copper levels and enhanced tolerance to elevated extracellular copper concentrations. Similarly, knockout mutants of its homolog in M. marinum (MMAR_0267) showed increased virulence in zebrafish and higher bacterial load within macrophages. In THP-1 cells infected with MMAR_0267 deletion mutants, the intracellular survival of these mutants increased, along with reduced THP-1 cell apoptosis. Deficiency in copper down-regulated the transcriptional level of the virulence factor CFP-10 in M. marinum, suppressed cytosolic signaling via the macrophage STING pathway, leading to decreased production of IFN-β and reduced cell apoptosis. In conclusion, these findings highlight the significant impact of copper on the survival and reproduction of mycobacteria, underscoring the importance of studying mycobacterial adaptation mechanisms in copper-rich environments.

Higher Plasma Copper Exposure was Adversely Associated with Skeletal Muscle Indicators in Chinese Children Aged 6-9 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study.

It is unclear whether blood concentrations of copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca) influence skeletal muscle mass and strength in children. We aimed to explore the associations between plasma Cu, Mg, and Ca and skeletal muscle indicators in Chinese children. A total of 452 children aged 6 to 9 years old were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Whole body lean soft tissue mass (WLSTM), trunk lean soft tissue mass (TLSTM), and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Parameters of these indicators divided by Height2 (Ht2) and Weight (Wt) at the corresponding sites were calculated. Handgrip strength was also measured. Parameters of skeletal muscle indicators and handgrip strength that were below the sex-specific 20th percentile were considered low levels. Plasma concentrations of Cu, Mg, and Ca were measured using ICP-MS. After adjusting for several potential covariates, among the total subjects, for every one standard deviation increase in Cu concentrations, there was a 0.939% decrease in WLSTM/Wt, a 0.415% decrease in TLSTM/Wt, and a 0.47% decrease in ASMM/Wt. For every one standard deviation increase in Cu concentrations, there was a higher odd (OR: 1.36, 95%CI 1.06, 1.75) of low WLSTM/Wt, TLSTM/Wt (OR: 1.33, 95%CI 1.03, 1.71), ASMM/Ht2 (OR: 1.32, 95%CI 1.02, 1.69), as well as ASMM/Wt (OR: 1.56, 95%CI 1.23, 1.99). No significant associations were found between Mg, Ca, and most skeletal muscle indicators. Higher plasma Cu concentrations were adversely associated with skeletal muscle indicators at multiple sites in Chinese children.

As-deposited and dewetted Cu layers on plasma treated glass: Adhesion study and its effect on biological response

Improving the adhesion of nanosized copper films to a glass substrate is vital for their application in electronics and medicine, as it enhances their overall reliability. For this purpose, we employed Ar plasma etching (240 s) and magnetron sputtering to create copper layers on a glass substrate. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of subsequent solid state dewetting (at 300 °C) of Cu nanolayers on the interface stability. Increasing the sputtering time resulted in elevated copper concentration, UV-Vis absorption, conductivity, and surface roughness. The as-deposited and dewetted samples exhibited very good wettability with water contact angles below 60°. Importantly, plasma treatment improved the adhesion of the Cu layers to the glass. Subsequent dewetting accelerated surface diffusion and the oxidation of Cu atoms, causing structural and morphological changes. The presence of CuO after dewetting caused loss of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band in the UV-Vis spectrum and a decrease in sample conductivity due to the transformation of the copper layer from a metal to an oxide. Biological testing revealed a more pronounced bactericidal effect for the as-deposited Cu layer against E. coli and S. epidermidis on contrary to dewetted samples. The similar cytotoxic trend was observed for human dermal fibroblasts and hepatocytes. Nonetheless, biological testing confirmed better cell adhesion on dewetted Cu layers compared to the as-deposited ones. Therefore, our copper nanostructured samples could find application as antibacterial coatings of biomedical devices.

Microplastic and heavy metal contamination in sediments of the high-altitude Nundkol Lake of northwestern Himalayas-Kashmir

This study investigates heavy metal and microplastic contamination in the sediment of Nundkol Lake, a high-altitude glacial lake in the northwestern Himalayas. Sediment analysis revealed heavy metal concentrations significantly exceeding background levels, with average concentrations of cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and chromium (Cr) recorded at 40.991 ppm, 54.434 ppm, 87,843.59 ppm, 1544.566 ppm, 83.288 ppm, 16.312 ppm, 104.571 ppm, and 106.514 ppm, respectively. Notably, the highest levels of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Pb were observed in sample GL2, indicating potential local geochemical anomalies. The trace elements were quantified using a Graphite Furnace - Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer-PinAAcle 900AA) for high precision.Microplastic analysis revealed an average abundance of 76±12.08 items/kg dry weight, predominantly fibers. The microplastics were mostly red (55.26 %), blue (36.84 %), orange (5.26 %), and green (2.63 %). Raman spectroscopy identified Polyamides (PA) as the predominant type (86.5 %), with the remainder being Polyethylene (PE) and Polypropylene (PP). The results suggest tourism, fishing, and trekking activities as major contributors to microplastic presence. This study uniquely combines the assessment of heavy metal and microplastic contamination in a high-altitude lake, providing a comprehensive view of pollutant dynamics. The findings highlight the need for tailored mitigation strategies and comprehensive monitoring programs to protect this fragile region. Applications include informing environmental policy, guiding pollution mitigation efforts, and promoting sustainable tourism practices. This study offers valuable insights into the environmental health of high-altitude lakes and underscores the need for efforts to mitigate anthropogenic impacts.

Source and health risks of trace metals in Clarias batrachus and Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus from surface waters in Bayelsa State, Nigeria: a probabilistic model

IntroductionHuman activities have inadvertently led to the release of harmful substances, including trace metals, into aquatic environments, with consequential impacts on aquatic organisms and potential health risks for consumers. This research assessed the presence, origins, and health implications of trace elements within the muscles of Clarias batrachus and Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus from the Bomadi and Gbotebo rivers and their surroundings in Bayelsa State, Nigeria.MethodsThirty samples from each fish species were collected and analyzed to conduct the study. Through the use of an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, the researchers determined the concentrations of trace metals, including iron, copper, zinc, lead, nickel, cadmium, and cobalt, in the fish tissues.Results and discussionThe concentrations of the metals within the two fish species varied, with notable differences in zinc and cadmium levels. Utilizing statistical analyses like Pearson correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical cluster analysis (CA), it was established that the trace metals originated from diverse sources. The study then evaluated health risks associated with these trace elements, considering both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic hazards for different age groups. The results indicated that children’s total target hazard quotient fell below 1 for both fish species, implying a limited tendency toward non-carcinogenic risks through lifelong fish consumption. However, in some adult fish samples, the quotient exceeded 1, indicating a higher potential for non-carcinogenic risks. Regarding carcinogenic hazards, the mean risks were generally lower than the accepted threshold, except for lead in both fish species among adults and children. Stricter values highlighted that only lead concentrations in fish from both categories were deemed acceptable. Consequently, this study highlights the importance of raising awareness among consumers who buy fish from the studied region. Moreover, consistent monitoring of potentially harmful trace elements in water, sediments, and fish is recommended to safeguard consumer health and well-being.

Roe deer exposure to trace metals and pesticides in forests and agricultural plains of North-eastern France.

Human activities related to agriculture and industrial development result in the emission of different types of pollutants in the environment. The phytosanitary pressure depends on the time of the year, the type of habitat, and the used treatments. Wildlife, particularly ungulates, can be exposed to pesticides and trace metals through their herbivorous diet directly impregnated by the environmental contamination. Wild game thus plays a sentinel role but can also represent a risk for human health by exposing venison consumers to these contaminants. The present study explored this dual problem in two types of habitat: forests and agricultural plains located in North-eastern France. Samples of liver and muscle were taken from ten roe deer, five caught on the forests and five others in the plains, to determine contaminant levels. There was no significant difference in contamination of roe deer livers according to the habitat for three trace metals (chromium, nickel, and copper), while lead concentrations were higher in samples from the plain (0.85 vs. 0.74mg·kg-1 dry matter DM; P < 0.01). Conversely, zinc concentrations were higher in forest roe deer (110 vs. 95mg·kg-1 DM; P < 0.05). Cadmium concentrations did not differ significantly between the two habitats, but forest samples showed strong inter-individual variability, with some values close to those observed on the plains and others higher (1.8 vs. 0.3mg·kg-1 DM for forest and plain, respectively; P = 0.11). Mercury was not detected in any sample. The majority of pesticides investigated were not detected. Only a few pesticides were in trace amount (from 1 to 8µg·kg-1 fresh matter), either in the liver (e.g., heptachlor and oxychlordane) or in both tissues, liver and muscle (e.g., pyridalyl). Some compounds were only detected in plain (e.g., cypermethrin and fenpropidin) and others in forest (piperonyl butoxide and pyridalyl) samples. Analyses mainly detected insecticides in samples taken from forests and agricultural plains. Fungicides and a few herbicides were mainly detected in plain sampled animals. Pesticides and copper concentrations in roe deer tissues were lower than maximum residue levels established for farm (copper) or wild terrestrial (pesticides) animals. Cadmium concentrations were also lower than the maximum level for most samples, except for some forest roe deer. However, both forest and plain roe deer exceeded the maximum level for lead in liver. Human exposure was simulated according to different amounts of meat consumed and compared with toxicological reference values. This study highlighted an overall low risk to human health for both pesticides, copper and lead, with more reservations about cadmium for some roe deer shot in forest. The differences in roe deer contamination between forests and agricultural plains for some trace elements and organic pollutants confirmed the sentinel role of this species.

PSXII-19 Influence of dietary copper concentration and liver sampling location on liver copper concentrations in three breeds (Gulf Coast Native, Suffolk x Hampshire, and Jacob) of sheep

Abstract Male sheep (n = 27) from three different breeds: 1) Gulf Coast Native (GCN; n = 9 wethers), 2) Suffolk x Hampshire (SHC; n = 9 wethers), and 3) Jacob (JCB; n = 9 intact males) approximately 9 mo of age, [body weight (BW) = 38.16 ± 2.43 kg) were stratified by BW and breed into 3 treatment groups to examine the impact of breed, supplemental copper (Cu) dose, and liver sampling location on liver Cu concentrations. On d 0 of the experiment, liver biopsies were collected from 5 sheep per breed and analyzed for Cu concentrations. Animals were housed in individual pens and received 2% of BW of a pelleted concentrate containing the appropriate Cu treatment once daily and hay in amounts to allow ad libitum access to hay over a 24 h period. Treatments consisted of 1) low Cu (LCu; 15.3 mg Cu/kg DM), 2) moderate Cu (MCu; 17.7 mg Cu/kg DM), and 3) high Cu (HCu; 23.8 mg Cu/kg DM) from CuSO4∙5H2O. On d 50 of the experiment, all animals were weighed and transported to an USDA inspected abattoir and harvested. Following harvest, samples were obtained from the left and right lobes of the liver and thoroughly washed with phosphate-buffered saline. All liver samples were dried, ashed, and reconstituted in 5 mL of 1.2 N HCl for Cu analysis. Data were analyzed as a randomized block design using the MIXED procedure in SAS with individual animal as the experimental unit. There was a three-way interaction between breed x treatment x liver lobe (P &amp;lt; 0.04). The right liver lobe in HCu JCB sheep had greater (P &amp;lt; 0.05) Cu concentrations compared with the left liver lobe. Both the left and right lobes of the liver had greater (P &amp;lt; 0.001) Cu concentrations compared with the initial liver Cu concentration in MCu JCB sheep. The right liver lobe of HCu GCN sheep tended (P &amp;lt; 0.07) to have greater liver Cu concentrations compared with the left liver lobe. The Cu concentration in the right liver lobe tended (P &amp;lt; 0.09) to be greater in MCu sheep compared with the left liver lobe. Liver Cu concentrations within the right lobe of HCu GCN sheep were greater (P &amp;lt; 0.05) than liver Cu concentrations in the right and left liver lobe samples in LCu GCN sheep. Liver Cu concentrations in SHC sheep were not influenced by treatment. Future research examining the impact of breed and Cu supplementation on the molecular mechanisms associated with Cu absorption, storage, and excretion is warranted.

Comparative Analysis of Heavy Metal Content in Impacted Third Molars from Industrial and Non-Industrial Areas and Its Effect on the Isolation, Culture, and Proliferation of Dental Stem Cells (DSCs).

Background: This study investigates the impact of environmental pollution on the quality and viability of dental stem cells (DSCs) from impacted third molars. By comparing DSCs from patients in industrial areas with high air pollution and those from non-industrial regions, the research assesses the adverse effects of heavy metals on stem cell proliferation. Methods: Impacted lower third molars were collected from 28 patients-10 from industrial and 18 from non-industrial areas. Patients were divided into two age groups: 18-27 years and 28-38 years old. Dental pulp was extracted under sterile conditions, and DSCs were isolated and cultured. Heavy metal concentrations in dental tissues were measured using atomic absorption/emission spectrometry. Results: The study found significantly higher concentrations of copper and lead in the dental tissues of patients in industrial areas. Cell viability was lower in samples from these areas, with a statistically significant difference in average doubling time and the number of cells obtained after the first passage. There was no significant impact of gender on heavy metal content, except for higher iron levels in men. Conclusions: Exposure to industrial pollutants negatively affects the viability and proliferation of DSCs, but there are no differences in differentiation in the osteogenic medium regarding cell mineralization. These studies highlight the importance of environmental factors for oral health, suggesting that residents of polluted areas may face greater difficulties in dental and regenerative treatments. Further research is needed to develop strategies to mitigate the effects and improve clinical outcomes for affected populations.

Износостойкость и коррозионное поведение Cu-Ti-покрытий в растворе SBF

Introduction. Currently, titanium and its alloys have become the most popular metal implantable biomaterials. However, the main disadvantage of titanium alloys is low wear resistance due to high viscosity. It is known that copper-titanium coatings effectively improve the antibacterial properties of titanium alloy and at the same time increase its wear resistance. Purpose of the work is to study the effects of a solution simulating body fluid on corrosion properties, friction coefficient and the wear of copper-titanium coatings obtained by electrospark deposition method of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Method. A non-localized electrode consisting of copper and titanium granules in various ratios was used to form copper-titanium coatings on a titanium alloy by electrospark deposition. The structure of the coatings was examined using a DRON-7 X-ray diffractometer in Cu-Kα radiation and an X-max 80 energy dispersive spectrometer. The antibacterial activity of the deposited Cu-Ti coatings was studied on a non-pathogenic gram-negative culture of Escherichia coli. Polarization tests in SBF solution were carried out using a P-40X potentiostat with an impedance measurement module. The metal content in the SBF solution after immersion of the samples was measured using an ICP-MS 2000 mass spectrometer. The tribological characteristics of the coatings according to the ASTM G99-17 standard using the “ball-on-disk” scheme with sliding friction in the SBF solution at loads of 10 and 25 N were examined. Results and discussions. It is shown that the bactericidal activity of Cu-Ti coated samples to a non-pathogenic culture of Escherichia coli increased monotonously with an increase in copper content. With copper concentration increasing, the corrosion current density of the coatings increased from 3.455 to 17.570 μA/cm2. It is shown that the SBF solution accelerates the wear of a titanium alloy many times over due to its interaction with the electrolyte via the oxidative wear mechanism. The use of Cu-Ti coatings allows reducing the friction coefficient and greatly decreasing the wear of Ti-6Al-4V alloy in the presence of an electrolyte.

350 Awardee Talk: Beef cattle mineral nutrition: What do we know and where do we go from here

Abstract Trace minerals are pivotal in enhancing cattle growth and ensuring profitability in beef production. Historically, supplementation strategies have aimed at preventing deficiencies, significantly improving growth and reproductive performance. However, as cattle breeding has evolved to achieve remarkable growth rates, the challenges related to health and stress during the feeding period have intensified. This presentation explores refined trace mineral recommendations, focusing on zinc’s “stress requirement” for cattle undergoing transit and health challenges, and its impact on performance. The segmented nature of the beef industry, necessitating multiple transports, induces physiological stress and oxidative stress, highlighting the need for tailored mineral supplementation. Further, when recognizing feedlot cattle as the high-performing athletes they are, the potential benefits of adjusted trace mineral concentrations become apparent. Preliminary findings suggest that optimal zinc concentrations may exceed current National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) 2016 recommendations, whereas for other minerals like copper and manganese, the existing guidelines remain appropriate. This presentation will explore the differential effects of increasing dietary zinc and copper in conjunction with various growth-promoting technologies. Preliminary data indicates that increasing zinc concentrations can linearly enhance average daily gain (ADG) and hot carcass weight (HCW), especially when using potent anabolic implants, while the response to increased copper concentrations exhibits a more quadratic relationship with performance. Building upon the foundational work of pioneering researchers in the field of mineral nutrition, this presentation advocates for the continuous refinement and optimization of trace mineral supplementation strategies. By integrating cutting-edge technologies and fostering collaborative research efforts, we aim to further enhance the sustainability of the beef industry. A deeper understanding of trace mineral requirements in the face of modern production challenges will pave the way for more precise and effective nutritional strategies.

361 Evaluating the effect of liver copper concentration on lubabegron fumarate-induced performance and carcass characteristics of finishing steers

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of copper (Cu) status on response to lubabegron fumarate (Experior, Elanco, Greenfield, IN). Angus crossbred steers [n = 48; body weight (BW) = 469 ± 31 kg] were enrolled in a 77-d finishing study, housed in pens of 6, with a GrowSafe bunk (GrowSafe Systems, Ltd, Airdire, AB, Canada) in each pen and implanted (Revalor-200, Merck Animal Health, Madison, NJ; 200 mg TBA + 20 mg E2) on d 0. A 2 × 2 factorial arrangement was applied to Cu status (deficient, DEF, no supplemental Cu; or adequate, ADE, 10 mg supplemental Cu/kg DM as CuSO4) and Experior (36 mg·steer⁻¹·d⁻¹, EXP; or no Experior, NOEXP). A prior trial resulted in steers with distinct liver Cu (DEF and ADE were 42 ± 21 and 193 ± 31 mg Cu/kg DM, respectively). Experior was fed from d 37 to d 73, and cattle harvested on d 78. Body weights were collected on d -1, 0, 37, 55 (mid-Experior), 76 and 77. Blood was collected on d 0, 37, 55, and 76 for serum urea nitrogen (SUN), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), glucose, and insulin. Data were analyzed in Proc Mixed of SAS as a factorial design, with steer as the experimental unit (n = 12 per treatment). From d 0-37, DEF daily gain and feed efficiency (G:F) were greater than ADE (P &amp;lt; 0.01), while dry matter intake (DMI) did not differ (P = 0.36). Overall DMI was greater in ADE than DEF (P = 0.04) and not affected by Experior (P = 0.13). Carcass-adjusted average daily gain was not affected by Cu or Experior (P ≥ 0.21). Deficient steers had greater carcass-adjusted G:F than ADE (P = 0.02). Hot carcass weight was greater in EXP (P = 0.04), but post-hoc analysis of the Cu x Experior effect (P = 0.2) reveals this was driven by DEF-EXP (15 kg over DEF-NOEXP) rather than ADE-EXP (4 kg over ADE-NOEXP). Marbling tended to be greater in ADE (P = 0.06) and was unaffected by Experior (P = 0.14). The revised quantitative insulin sensitivity check index displayed an EXP x Day effect (P &amp;lt; 0.01) where NOEXP was consistent across days and EXP had greater insulin sensitivity during the Experior period. Serum urea nitrogen was affected by Cu × Experior × Day (P = 0.01), where DEF-NOEXP had lesser d 0 SUN than all others, and EXP decreased on d 55 while NOEXP increased steadily during the finishing phase; by d 76 DEF-EXP remain lesser than NOEXP treatments with ADE-EXP being similar to all others. These data suggest Cu concentration influences steer response to lubabegron fumarate, and more research is needed to determine the cause of this.

Appraisal on heavy metal contamination in tissues (gills, intestine, liver, and fillet) of &lt;i&gt;Parachanna obscura&lt;/i&gt; and the physicochemical properties of Oguta Lake, South-Eastern Nigeria.

The aim of this study is to provide baseline data on the investigation of concentrations of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) in various tissues (gills, intestine, liver, and fillet) of Parachanna obscura in Oguta Lake, and to assess physicochemical properties of Oguta lake to determine level of pollution and contamination. Twenty fish samples in total were collected at the fishermen landing site of the lake and analyzed using the Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Dissolved oxygen and temperature were measured on site using dissolved Oxygen meter (model 5509) and Mercury-in-glass thermometer respectively, while other parameters were analyzed in the laboratory. Results indicated Fe had the highest concentrations (1.479±0.003 mg/kg) especially in the gills, while Mn recorded least concentrations (0.001±0.000) mg/kg) of all metals analyzed. Values for Cu (0.026±0.002 mg/kg), Mn (0.001±0.000 mg/kg), Zn (.782±0.015 mg/kg), and Fe (1.479±0.030 mg/kg) levels were within FAO/WHO permissible limits in all tissues, whereas Pb (1.438±0.015 mg/kg) exceeded standard limits especially in the gills and intestines, indicating potential contamination and threats to aquatic and human health. Heavy metal concentrations in the tissues followed the order: gills &gt; intestine &gt; fillet &gt; liver. The physicochemical properties assessment of Oguta Lake indicated a stable temperature with mean value of (28.02±022 C). The lake's temperature supports aquatic life, but challenges like low transparency (1.22±0.13 m), acidic pH levels (5.83±0.09), elevated ammonium levels (0.63±0.03 mg/l), low nitrate-nitrogen levels (0.0±50.00 mg/l), and fluctuating dissolved oxygen (6.50±0.29 mg/l) levels suggests pollution from agricultural runoff or sewage. The findings proffer effective management through pollution control, enhanced buffering capacity, and rigorous monitoring to safeguard biodiversity and ensure longterm ecological health.

Bumble bees do not avoid field-realistic but innocuous concentrations of cadmium and copper.

Bee populations are facing numerous stressors globally, including environmental pollution by trace metals and metalloids. Understanding whether bees can detect and avoid these pollutants in their food is pivotal, as avoidance abilities may mitigate their exposure to xenobiotics. While these pollutants are known to induce sublethal effects in bees, such as disrupting physiological mechanisms, their potential impacts on locomotive abilities, fat metabolism, and reproductive physiology remain poorly understood. In this study, utilising workers of the buff-tailed bumble bee and two prevalent trace metals, namely cadmium and copper, we aimed to address these knowledge gaps for field-realistic concentrations. Our findings reveal that workers did not reject field-realistic concentrations of cadmium and copper in sucrose solutions. Moreover, they did not reject lethal concentrations of cadmium, although they rejected lethal concentrations of copper. Additionally, we observed no significant effects of field-realistic concentrations of these metals on the walking and flying activities of workers, nor on their fat metabolism and reproductive physiology. Overall, our results suggest that bumble bees may not avoid cadmium and copper at environmental concentrations, but ingestion of these metals in natural settings may not adversely affect locomotive abilities, fat metabolism, or reproductive physiology. However, given the conservative nature of our study, we still recommend future research to employ higher concentrations over longer durations to mimic conditions in heavily polluted areas (i.e., mine surrounding). Furthermore, investigations should ascertain whether field-realistic concentrations of metals exert no impact on bee larvae.

Assessment of the Heavy Metal Contaminations of Roadside Soil in Aizawl, Mizoram (India): An In-Depth Analysis Utilising Advanced Scientific Methodologies

The study was conducted to evaluate the heavy metal contamination levels in the roadside soil of Aizawl, Mizoram (India). Twelve sites were sampled monthly from August 2020 to July 2021, and concentrations of copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometer. The concentrations of heavy metals at the twelve studied sites varied widely from 0.43-1.06, 20.54-21.21, 2.69-3.41, 0.25-0.54, 0.31-0.49 and 1.35-1.77 for Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn respectively. Pollution assessment tools such as the pollution load index, geo-accumulation index, and enrichment factor indicated moderate pollution levels. The study also observed fluctuations in the contamination levels due to the monsoon rainfall and the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Principal component analysis identified vehicular emissions, industrial activities, and atmospheric deposition as the potential sources of heavy metal contamination, with varying patterns observed at each site. While the observed heavy metal concentrations generally met permissible limits, the elevated levels suggested anthropogenic influences. It is crucial to continuously monitor and manage heavy metal contamination to mitigate potential health risks associated with heavy metal exposure.

Evaluation of Lead, Copper and Iron Concentrations in Cyprus papyrus and Rivers in Iraq

In February 2023, samples were gathered from the research location. Five samples were taken from each leaf of the aquatic plant Cyprus papyrus, which is a member of the Cyperaceae family, as well as from the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The primary heavy metals detected were lead (Pb), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu). Samples were collected from various areas in Iraq, including the Diyala River site, AL Rustamiya site, Karbala site, Babylon site, and AL-Rashdiya site as a control. The samples collected from each site consisted of water and Cyprus papyrus. The ICP-AES analysis successfully determined the concentration of elements in the samples. The results indicated that the Pb average concentration in plants varied across different sites, with the highest levels recorded in Diyala River, followed by AL Rustamiya, Babylon, Karbala, and Rashdiya sites (Control) at 3.67, 2.11, 0.55, 1.26, and 0.046 ppm, respectively. These values were compared with the UNEP standard of 0.01 ppm. Similarly, water samples also exhibited elevated levels of Pb average concentration in the same order of sites, with values of 2.97, 0.48, 0.41, 0.35, and 0.0891 ppm, compared with the UNEP standard of 0.005 ppm. Furthermore, the analysis of Fe average concentrations in plants revealed the highest levels in Diyala River, Babylon site, AL Rustamiya site, Karbala site, and Rashdiya (Control) at 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, and 0.1 ppm respectively. In water samples, Fe average concentrations were also found to be elevated in the same order of sites, with values of 1.3, 0.07, 0.06, 0.03, and 0.01 ppm. The presence of Cu was not detected in any of the samples collected from either plants or rivers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of heavy metals in the Iraqi environment and examine their impact on living organisms.

Biofortification in garden peas through multi-micronutrient formulations

Soil micronutrient deficiencies lead to crops with low essential element concentrations, affecting human health through micronutrient malnutrition. Effective practices, like foliar nutrient application, improve crop quality and reduce malnutrition. The garden pea (Pisum sativum L. var. hortense) is cultivated worldwide for its nutritional value and such nutrient-rich crops, through agronomic biofortification, offer a sustainable solution to global health issues by addressing micronutrient deficiencies. Four liquid micronutrient formulations [Treatment 1 (T1), Treatment 2 (T2), Treatment 3 (T3), and Treatment 4 (T4)] were prepared using either water or vermiwash as a carrier, with variations that included the presence or absence of plant growth regulators (GA3 + NAA)] and evaluated along with commercially available formulations [Arka Vegetable Special (T5) and ProKissan (T6)]. Micronutrient formulations, particularly T3, demonstrated notable effects on various parameters, including plant height, biomass, root characteristics, pod weight, and micronutrient contents in seeds of garden pea var. Kashi Nandini. T3 significantly outperformed other formulations in promoting plant growth, resulting in higher values for plant height, biomass, branches per plant, nodule mass, root biomass, surface area, volume, and density. Yield parameters such as pod length, weight, number of pods, and seeds per pod were also positively influenced by micronutrient treatments, with T3 leading to the highest overall yield, with a 24.09 % increase per plant and a 13.39 % increase per hectare compared to the control. Additionally, foliar application of micronutrients increased the concentration of copper, zinc, iron, and manganese in seeds, positively impacting seed quality. Quality parameters, including total soluble solids, protein, total phenol, and total flavonoid contents, were significantly improved by micronutrient treatments, with T3 showing the most favorable outcomes. Texture analysis indicated that peas treated with T3 had lower firmness values, suggesting maintained tenderness and sweetness. Correlation analysis revealed strong positive associations between various growth parameters, yield traits, and micronutrient contents. Overall, foliar micronutrient application proved to be a valuable biofortification strategy for enhancing the performance and quality of garden peas.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and swim training affect copper metabolism in skeletal muscle in a mouse model of disease.

Swim training and regulation of copper metabolism result in clinical benefits in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mice. Therefore, the study aimed to determine whether swim training improves copper metabolism by modifying copper metabolism in the skeletal muscles of ALS mice. SOD1G93A mice (n = 6 per group) were used as the ALS model, and wild-type B6SJL (WT) mice as controls (n = 6). Mice with ALS were analyzed before the onset of ALS (ALS BEFORE), at baseline ALS (first disease symptoms, trained and untrained, ALS ONSET), and at the end of ALS (last stage disease, trained and untrained, ALS TERMINAL). Copper concentrations and the level of copper metabolism proteins in the skeletal muscles of the lower leg were determined. ALS disease caused a reduction in the copper concentration in ALS TERMINAL untrained mice compared with the ALS BEFORE (10.43 ± 1.81 and 38.67 ± 11.50 μg/mg, respectively, p = .0213). The copper chaperon for SOD1 protein, which supplies copper to SOD1, and ATPase7a protein (copper exporter), increased at the terminal stage of disease by 57% (p = .0021) and 34% (p = .0372), while the CTR1 protein (copper importer) decreased by 45% (p = .002). Swim training moderately affected the copper concentration and the concentrations of proteins responsible for copper metabolism in skeletal muscles. The results show disturbances in skeletal muscle copper metabolism associated with ALS progression, which is moderately affected by swim training. From a clinical point of view, exercise in water for ALS patients should be an essential element of rehabilitation for maintaining quality of life.

Sources Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Street Dust from Urban Core of Zhengzhou, China

Fifty-one street dust samples were systematically collected from the urban core of Zhengzhou, China, and analyzed for potentially toxic metals. The concentrations of vanadium (V), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni) in the samples surpassed the background values of the local soil, indicating a notable potential for contamination. Spatially, the traffic area was the most polluted with a total heavy metal concentration of Cu, Zn, As, Pb, and Ni, while the pollution levels were lower in the culture and education area and commercial area with total concentrations of V and Mn. Seasonal variations were discerned in the concentrations of heavy metals, with V, Cu, Zn, and As exhibiting heightened levels during the fall and winter, while Mn, Ni, and Pb reached peaks in the spring season. Zn exhibited the highest mean geo-accumulation index (Igeo) value at 2.247, followed by Cu at 2.019, Pb at 0.961, As at 0.590, Ni at 0.126, Mn at −0.178, and V at −0.359. The potential ecological risk index (RI) in the traffic-intensive area markedly exceeded other functional areas. Health risk assessments showed that children were more vulnerable to heavy metal exposure than adults, particularly through the ingestion pathway. Correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis (CA) were applied in conjunction with the spatial–temporal concentration patterns across various functional areas to ascertain the plausible sources of heavy metal pollutants. The results indicated that heavy metals in the urban street dust of Zhengzhou were multifaceted, stemming from natural processes and diverse anthropogenic activities such as coal burning, industrial emissions, traffic, and construction operations.