Concentrations Of Components Research Articles

Propellant Free Pressurized Spray System of Etodolac to Manage Acute Pain Conditions: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation.

This study aimed to develop a propellant-free topical spray formulation of Etodolac (BCS-II), a potent NSAID, which could be beneficial in the medical field for the effective treatment of pain and inflammation conditions. The developed novel propellant-free spray formulation is user-friendly, cost-effective, propellant-free, eco-friendly, enhances the penetration of Etodolac through the skin, and has a quick onset of action.Various formulations were developed by adjusting the concentrations of different components, including lecithin, buffering agents, film-forming agents, plasticizers, and permeation enhancers. The prepared propellant-free spray formulations were then extensively characterized and evaluated through various in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo parameters. The optimized formulation exhibits an average shot weight of 0.24 ± 0.30ml and an average drug content or content uniformity of 87.3 ± 1.01% per spray. Additionally, the optimized formulation exhibits an evaporation time of 3 ± 0.24min. The skin permeation study demonstrated that the permeability coefficients of the optimized spray formulation were 21.42cm/h for rat skin, 13.64cm/h for mice skin, and 18.97cm/h for the Strat-M membrane. When assessing its potential for drug deposition using rat skin, mice skin, and the Strat-M membrane, the enhancement ratios for the optimized formulation were 1.88, 2.46, and 1.92, respectively against pure drug solution. The findings from our study suggest that the propellant-free Etodolac spray is a reliable and safe topical formulation. It demonstrates enhanced skin deposition, and improved effectiveness, and is free from any skin irritation concerns.

A new strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in diets of lactating Holstein cows improved feed efficiency and lactation performance

Abstract This study compared the effects of feeding a new strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae HSA2020 with a commercial strain on in vitro rumen fermentation and production performance of dairy cows. Permeate was used as a substrate for the laboratory production of the new strain of S. cerevisiae after the hydrolysis by β–galactosidase (5000 µ/mL at 37°C). Two experiments were conducted: in Experiment 1, the effects of three levels (1, 2 and 3 g/kg dry matter) of S. cerevisiae on in vitro ruminal fermentation kinetics were evaluated. In Experiment 2, for 60 days, sixty multiparous Holstein cows (639±24.8 kg BW, 3±1 parity, 7±1 days in milk, with a previous milk production of 23±2.0 kg/d) during the previous lactation, were randomly assigned to 3 treatments in a completely randomized design. Cows were fed without any additives (control treatment) or supplemented with 2 g/kg feed daily of laboratory produced (PY)or commercial (CY) S. cerevisiae. In Experiment 1, inclusion of PY and CY increased (P<0.05) gas production, propionate, and nutrient disappearance, while decreased (P<0.05) methane production and protozoal count. Moreover, in Experiment 2, PY followed by CY increased (P<0.01) nutrient digestibility, and serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, and glucose (P<0.05). Higher daily milk yield, and milk energy output were observed with PY and CY without affecting concentrations of milk components or milk fatty acid profile. Compared to control, increased feed efficiency was observed with PY and CY. Compared to PY, CY increased serum concentrations of urea-N and decreased triglycerides, while PY decreased serum aspartate transaminase and increased concentration of conjugated linoleic acids in milk. In early lactating cow diets, both strains of S. cerevisiae improved production performance at 2 g/kg improved production performance, and minimal differences between strains were found.

Controllable Fabrication of Silicon Solar Cells with Inverted or Upright Pyramid Structures by a One-Step Copper Catalysis Method

Abstract Silicon has garnered significant attention as the primary material for solar cell preparation. Traditional alkaline etching solutions are limited to creating an upright pyramid structure on monocrystalline silicon surfaces. However, research indicates that an inverted pyramid structure exhibits superior light-trapping properties compared to the upright pyramid structure. In this study, we employed a one-step copper ion metal-assisted chemical etching process to fabricate an inverted pyramid structure on monocrystalline silicon wafers. This method allows for the customization of either inverted or upright pyramid structures by adjusting the concentration of specific solution components. Characterization of the textured silicon wafers reveals that the inverted pyramid structure exhibits lower reflectivity than both the upright pyramid structure and polished silicon. By integrating this texturing technique into the solar cell production line, we successfully produced solar cells with both inverted and upright pyramid structures. Evaluation of various solar cell parameters demonstrates that the inverted pyramid structure outperforms the upright pyramid structure, showcasing lower reflectivity and higher photoelectric conversion efficiency.

Models to predict nitrogen excretion from beef cattle fed a wide range of diets compiled from South America.

The objective of this meta-analysis was to develop and evaluate models for predicting nitrogen (N) excretion in feces, urine, and manure in beef cattle in South America. The study incorporated a total of 1,116 individual observations of N excretion in feces and 939 individual observations of N excretion in feces and in urine (g/d), representing a diverse range of diets, animal genotypes, and management conditions in South America. The datasetalso included data on dry matter intake (DMI; kg/d) and nitrogen intake (NI; g/d), concentrations of dietary components, as well as average daily gain (ADG; g/d) and average body weight (BW; kg). Models were derived using linear mixed-effects regression with a random intercept for the study. Fecal N excretion was positively associated with DMI, NI, nonfibrous carbohydrates, average BW, and ADG and negatively associated with EE and CP concentration in the diet. The univariate model predicting fecal N excretion based on DMI (model 1) performed slightly better than the univariate model, which used NI as a predictor variable (model 2) with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 38.0 vs. 39.2%, the RMSE-observations SD ratio (RSR) of 0.81 vs. 0.84, and concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) of 0.53 vs. 0.50, respectively. Models predicting urinary N excretion were less accurate than those derived to predict fecal N excretion, with an average RMSE of 43.7% vs. 37.0%, respectively. Urinary and manure N excretion were positively associated with DMI, NI, CP, average BW, and ADG and negatively associated with neutral detergent fiber concentration in the diet. As opposed to fecal N excretion, the univariate model predicting urinary N excretion using NI (model 10) performed slightly better than the univariate model using DMI (model 9) as predictor variable with an RMSE of 36.0% vs. 39.7%, RSR 0.85 vs. 0.93, and CCC of 0.43 vs. 0.29, respectively. The models developed in this study are applicable for predicting N excretion in beef cattle across a broad spectrum of dietary compositions and animal genotypes in South America. The univariate model using DMI as a predictor is recommended for fecal N prediction, while the univariate model using NI is recommended for predicting urinary and manure N excretion because the use of more complex models resulted in little to no benefits. However, it may be more useful to consider more complex models that incorporate nutrient intakes and diet composition for decision-making when N excretion is a factor to be considered. Three extant equations evaluated in this study have the potential to be used in tropical conditions typical of South America to predict fecal N excretion with good precision and accuracy. However, none of the extant equations are recommended for predicting urine or manure N excretion because of their high RMSE, and low precision and accuracy.

Unleashing the potential of Cajanus cajun biochar polymer composite for Cu (II) removal: mechanism, modification, and application.

This study introduces a cost-effective approach to fabricating a porous and ionically surface-modified biochar-based alginate polymer networks composite (SBPC) through air drying. The study critically analyzes the role and concentrations of various components in the success of SBPC. Characterization techniques were employed to evaluate the microstructure and adsorption mechanism, confirming the ability of the adsorbent's carboxyl and hydroxyl groups to eliminate various heavy metal ions in water simultaneously. The SBPC demonstrated high copper binding capacities (937.4mg/g and 823.2mg/g) through response surface methodology (RSM) and column studies. It was also influential in single and natural systems, exhibiting competitive behavior and efficient removal of Cu2+. The Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics strongly correlate with experimental data, with R2 values of 0.98 and 0.99, respectively. SBPC showed remarkable stability, up to 10 desorption cycles, and achieved 98% Cu2+ adsorption efficiency and 91.0% desorption. Finally, the cost analysis showed a cost of 125.68 INR/kg or 1.51 USD/kg, which is very low compared to the literature. These results highlight the potential of SPBC and show that it provides an efficient and cost-effective solution for removing Cu2+ from a real system.

Multicriteria optimization of the composition, thermodynamic and strength properties of fly-ash as an additive in metakaolin-based geopolymer composites

This paper presents the construction of intelligent systems for selecting the optimum concentration of geopolymer matrix components based on ranking optimality criteria. A peculiarity of the methodology is replacing discrete time intervals with a sequence of states. Markov chains represent a synthetic property accumulating heterogeneous factors. The computational basis for the calculations was the digitization of experimental data on the strength properties of fly ashes collected from thermal power plants in the Czech Republic and used as additives in geopolymers. A database and a conceptual model of priority ranking have been developed, that are suitable for determining the structure of relations of the main factors. Computational results are presented by studying geopolymer matrix structure formation kinetics under changing component concentrations in real- time. Multicriteria optimization results for fly-ash as an additive on metakaolin-based geopolymer composites show that the optimal composition of the geopolymer matrix within the selected variation range includes 100 g metakaolin, 90 g potassium activator, 8 g silica fume, 2 g basalt fibers and 50 g fly ash by ratio weight. This ratio gives the best mechanical, thermal, and technological properties.

Hydrochemical characterization and comprehensive water quality assessment of groundwater within the main stream area of Yishu River.

To gain a comprehensive understanding of the hydrochemical characteristics, controlling factors, and water quality of groundwater in the main stream area of Yishu River (MSYR), a study was conducted using water quality data collected during both the dry and wet seasons. Through statistical analysis, hydrochemical methods, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, and health risk evaluation modeling, the water chemical characteristics of the main stream area of Yishu River were studied, and the water quality of the area was comprehensively evaluated. The findings indicate that HCO3- and Ca2+ are the predominant anions and cations in the MSYR during the dry and wet seasons, respectively. Moreover, anion concentration in groundwater follows HCO3- > SO42- > NO3- > Cl-, while cations are ranked as Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg2+ > K+. Overall, the groundwater manifests as weakly alkaline and is predominantly classified as hard-fresh water. During the wet season, there is greater groundwater leaching and filtration, with rock and soil materials more readily transferred to groundwater, and the concentrations of main chemical components in groundwater are higher than those during the dry season, and the hydrochemical types are primarily characterized as HCO3-Ca·Mg and SO4·Cl-Ca·Mg types. These results also suggest that the chemical composition of the groundwater in the MSYR is influenced mainly by water-rock interaction. The primary ions originate from the dissolution of silicate rock and carbonate rock minerals, while cation exchange plays a critical role in the hydrogeochemical process. Groundwater in the MSYR is classified mostly as class II water, indicating that it is generally of good quality. However, areas with high levels of class IV and V water are present locally, and NO3- concentration is a crucial factor affecting groundwater quality. In the wet season, more groundwater and stronger mobility lead to greater mobility of NO3- and wider diffusion. Therefore, the risk evaluation model shows that nitrate health risk index is higher in the wet season than it is in the dry season, with children being more vulnerable to health risks than adults. To study groundwater in this area, its hydrochemical characteristics, water quality, and health risk assessment are of great practical significance for ensuring water safety for residents and stable development of social economy.

The physiological and biochemical basis of potency thresholds modeled using human estrogen receptor alpha: implications for identifying endocrine disruptors.

The endocrine system functions by interactions between ligands and receptors. Ligands exhibit potency for binding to and interacting with receptors. Potency is the product of affinity and efficacy. Potency and physiological concentration determine the ability of a ligand to produce physiological effects. The kinetic behavior of ligand-receptor interactions conforms to the laws of mass action. The laws of mass action define the relationship between the affinity of a ligand and the fraction of cognate receptors that it occupies at any physiological concentration. We previously identified the minimum ligand potency required to produce clinically observable estrogenic agonist effects via the human estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα). By examining data on botanical estrogens and dietary supplements, we demonstrated that ERα ligands with potency lower than one one-thousandth that of the primary endogenous hormone 17β-estradiol (E2) do not produce clinically observable estrogenic effects. This allowed us to propose a Human-Relevant Potency Threshold (HRPT) for ERα ligands of 1 × 10-4 relative to E2. Here, we test the hypothesis that the HRPT for ERα arises from the receptor occupancy by the normal metabolic milieu of endogenous ERα ligands. The metabolic milieu comprises precursors to hormones, metabolites of hormones, and other normal products of metabolism. We have calculated fractional receptor occupancies for ERα ligands with potencies below and above the previously established HRPT when normal circulating levels of some endogenous ERα ligands and E2 were also present. Fractional receptor occupancy calculations showed that individual ERα ligands with potencies more than tenfold higher than the HRPT can compete for occupancy at ERα against individual components of the endogenous metabolic milieu and against mixtures of those components at concentrations found naturally in human blood. Ligands with potencies less than tenfold higher than the HRPT were unable to compete successfully for ERα. These results show that the HRPT for ERα agonism (10-4 relative to E2) proposed previously is quite conservative and should be considered strong evidence against the potential for disruption of the estrogenic pathway. For chemicals with potency 10-3 of E2, the potential for estrogenic endocrine disruption must be considered equivocal and subject to the presence of corroborative evidence. Most importantly, this work demonstrates that the endogenous metabolic milieu is responsible for the observed ERα agonist HRPT, that this HRPT applies also to ERα antagonists, and it provides a compelling mechanistic explanation for the HRPT that is grounded in basic principles of molecular kinetics using well characterized properties and concentrations of endogenous components of normal metabolism.

Simulation of DME-O2 Combustion in a Hollow Cone Impinging Jet Combustor for Direct-Fired Supercritical CO2 Power Cycle

ABSTRACT Combustion is critical in the direct-fired supercritical CO2 power cycle. A hollow cone impinging jet combustor is designed. Instead of methane, dimethyl ether is used as the fuel for the direct-fired supercritical CO2 cycle, with a higher hydrocarbon ratio and oxygen. The dimethyl ether combustion process is simulated by Fluent, based on the k-ε turbulence model and Eddy-Dissipation Concept combustion model, combined with the dimethyl ether combustion mechanism. The effects of the CO2 recycling ratio, the excess oxygen coefficient, and in-combustor pressure are investigated to support improving combustion performance. The results indicate that the recycled CO2 intensifies the movement of the mixture in the combustor, reduces the peak temperature, and makes temperature distribution more uniform. As the excess oxygen coefficient increases, the peak temperature is enhanced, and the combustion is more sufficient. The effect of in-combustor pressure is complex. On the one hand, increasing in-combustor pressure reduces the jet penetration and inhibits the contact between dimethyl ether and O2, leading to a lower peak temperature. On the other hand, it prolongs the residence time of the high-temperature exhaust, making the reaction between dimethyl ether and O2 more sufficient. The optimal operating condition of the combustor is a CO2 recycling ratio of 0.95, an excess oxygen coefficient of 1.20, and an in-combustor pressure of 30 MPa. Moreover, the obtained combustion products parameters, such as temperature, component concentration, and mass flow rate, can guide the performance analysis for the direct-fired supercritical CO2 power cycle.

Modification of the composition of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) essential oil based on the quality of the light

Objective: To identify the changes in the concentration of the main components of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) essential oil in response to five different LED colors. Design/Methodology/Approach: A completely randomized experimental design was used. The design included five treatments (white light; blue light; red light; 75% blue light and 25% red light; and 75% red light and 75% blue light) and 10 repetitions, at a 25 μmol m−2 s−1 luminous intensity, during a 16 h photoperiod. The thyme plants were sown in a pot with a substrate made up of 50% peat, 48% perlite, and 2% vermicompost. Each plant was an experimental unit. The plants were placed in light isolation chambers and subjected to the treatment for 35 days. Results: The concentration of the main molecules in the essential oil recorded considerable changes between treatments: the concentration of thymol (its main component) increased in the white light treatments, as well as in the red light (75%) and blue light (75%) treatments. In addition, the composition of the essential oil resulting from these treatments is different to the composition reported in the references. Study Limitations/Implications: The light intensity used in this experiment was lower than the light intensity required for plant growth; however, it was enough to produce changes in the secondary metabolism. Findings/Conclusions: The changes in the quality of the light modify the composition of the thyme essential oil. Even at a low light intensity (25 µmol m-2 s-1), the changes in the spectrum composition under which the plants grow influence the composition of the essential oil.

Abnormal Characteristics of Component Concentrations in Near-Surface Soil Gas over Abandoned Gobs: A Case Study in Jixi Basin, China

Abnormal Characteristics of Component Concentrations in Near-Surface Soil Gas over Abandoned Gobs: A Case Study in Jixi Basin, China

Dessecting the Toxicological Profile of Polysorbate 80 (PS80): Comparative Analysis of Constituent Variability and Biological Impact Using a Zebrafish Model

Polysorbate 80, commonly abbreviated as PS80, is a widely used pharmaceutical excipient renowned for its role as a solubilizer and stabilizer in drug formulations. Although PS80 is essential for various pharmaceutical applications, particularly in the formulation of injectable drugs, it has been implicated in a range of adverse reactions. However, due to the complexity of the composition of PS80, the differences in the types and contents of the constituents of PS80 from different manufacturers increase the probability or likelihood of their uneven quality.Addressing the complete spectrum of PS80′s components is challenging; thus, most studies to date have examined PS80 as a singular entity. This approach, however, carries a degree of uncertainty, as it overlooks the unique composition and concentration of components within the PS80 used in experiments, which may not reflect the actual diversity in commercially available PS80 products.Recognizing the critical need to understand how PS80′s composition influences biological effects and toxicity, our study aims to bridge this knowledge gap. By doing so, we can clarify how different PS80 compositions from various manufacturers might affect the quality of pharmaceutical formulations, and also guide excipient manufacturers toward producing higher-quality PS80. Such insights could further facilitate a more targeted application of PS80 in drug development.Building on our previous work, we isolated and prepared two key components of PS80—polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (PSM) and polyoxyethylene isosorbide monooleate (PIM)—and conducted a systematic comparison. We evaluated the acute, hemolytic, and target organ toxicity of two different PS80 samples, as well as PSM and PIM, using a zebrafish model. Our research also delved into the potential mechanisms behind the observed toxicological effects, providing an in-depth understanding of PS80′s impact on biological systems.The results show that PS80, PSM, and PIM resulted in developmental anomalies in larval zebrafish. The primary organs of acute toxicity in zebrafish exposed to PS80 and its typical components PSM and PIM include the cardiovascular system, kidneys, intestines, skin, and liver. Notably, PIM further induced severe pericardial edema and erythrocyte hemolysis, thereby affecting blood flow. The samples also instigated oxidative damage by disrupting the redox equilibrium in the larvae. Compared to PS80, both PSM and PIM induced greater oxidative damage, with PIM notably causing significantly higher lipid oxidation, suggesting that oxidative stress may play a crucial role in polysorbate80-induced toxicity. Furthermore, our study found that PS80 could induce alterations in DNA conformation. The findings underscore the necessity for excipient regulators to establish comprehensive quality standards for Polysorbate 80 (PS80). By implementing such standards, it is possible to minimize the clinical risks associated with the variability in PS80 composition, ensuring safer pharmaceutical products for patients.

Prediction of thermal runaway for a lithium-ion battery through multiphysics-informed DeepONet with virtual data

A surrogate model that predicts thermal runaway (TR) of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) fast and accurately is essential, yet complex phenomena of TR present significant challenges to achieving adequate performance in both aspects, particularly as traditional finite element models (FEMs) incur significant time and cost. This study proposes a multiphysics-informed deep operator network (MPI-DeepONet) with encoders to address these issues. This proposed neural network aims to predict TR under various thermal abuse conditions, offering a fast and accurate TR prediction surrogate model. In this study, MPI-DeepONet with encoders is trained with virtual data from a multiphysics FEM to overcome the scarcity of actual TR data. The architecture of DeepONet solves interpolation and extrapolation problems, allowing predictions across multiple thermal abuse conditions once trained. The neural network is further enhanced by the supervision of energy balance and chemical reaction equations, ensuring accurate and robust predictions despite limited data by effectively capturing the complex phenomena of TR. Quantitative analysis, compared against actual experiments and ablation studies, confirms the effectiveness of the proposed neural network. Notably, MPI-DeepONet achieves a mean RMSE of 13.2°C for temperature predictions in the test set, significantly outperforming the 25.4°C RMSE of purely data-driven DeepONet. This improvement highlights the importance of integrating multiphysics constraints into the neural network. The generality of the proposed neural network is further evidenced by accurate TR prediction in both LFP and NMC cells. The features deployed on the proposed neural network enable real-time quantification of internal temperature distribution and dimensionless concentration of the key components in LIBs, which are challenging to measure directly, achieving speeds at least 10,000 times faster than FEM. The proposed neural network provides comprehensive information for advanced battery management systems to ensure safety and reliability in LIBs, accelerating the digital twin of electric transportation systems through artificial intelligence transformation.

Contribution of Hurdles Technology to Preserve the Qualities of Broccoli and Extend Their Shelf-Life

Due to its high concentration of bioactive components, broccoli heads have a lot of potential as a functional food. Broccoli is perceived as a tasty, wholesome and healthful food product. This product nevertheless has a limited shelf life and quality retention issues, especially in tropical temperature zones. The hurdles techniques are starting to become more acceptable in the sector of food preservation since they affect moderate levels. This study evaluates the impact of hurdles techniques and various storage conditions (ambient at 25 °C, cold at 4 °C, and frozen at -18 °C) on broccolis cut characteristics. For the hurdles experiment, broccoli cuts were soaked in four solutions (the 1st: boiling water, the 2nd: metabisulphite solution (150 ppm), the 3rd: sodium chloride (4%), citric acid (1%), sodium benzoate (200 ppm) and the 4th: 1% chitosan) followed by packaging using two approaches (aerobic and vacuum). Sensory attributes, browning index, ascorbic acid, total phenolic, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity % (by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP) of hurdled and un-hurdled broccoli cuts during storage were investigated. Results demonstrated that using hurdle technology (different soaking solutions, packaging methods and storage conditions) had significant impact on the quality properties of the broccoli cuts. Additionally, vacuum packaging demonstrated the highest protection against decreasing the values of ascorbic acid, total phenolic, total flavonoid, and antioxidant components.

Determining the influence of synthesis gas additives on the environmental performance of internal combustion engine

The object of research is the environmental parameters of a reciprocating engine when using a synthesis gas additive to the main fuel. The research is aimed at solving the problem of reducing the concentration of harmful components in the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine by adding synthesis gas to the main fuel. Experimentally, the dependences of the effect of the addition of synthesis gas to ethanol on the change in the environmental performance of a piston engine with spark ignition were obtained. The positive effect of the addition of synthesis gas obtained by thermochemical conversion to ethanol in an amount of up to 5 % by weight on the environmental performance of a spark-ignition piston engine was established. Provided that the engine achieves the same effective power, the use of a synthesis gas additive to the main fuel made it possible to reduce the concentration of CO by 61.5 % and CH by 51.3 % in the exhaust gases. no more than 25–30 words The addition of synthesis gas contributed to the formation of radicals that activate oxidation chain reactions, and also made it possible to increase the normal combustion rate of the fuel-air mixture by 6.25 %. This ensures normal engine operation on a leaner fuel-air mixture (α=1.21) without deterioration of environmental, energy and economic performance. no more than 25-30 words The simultaneous reduction of the concentration of harmful components in the exhaust gases and engine efficiency can be achieved by using fuels with a wide concentration limit of ignition and high combustion rate in a lean mixture. The experimental data obtained can be used in the design or modernization of transport and stationary power plants with internal combustion engines as an approach to meet ever-increasing environmental standards

Superior hemostatic and wound-healing properties of tetrastigma polysaccharide

Hemostatic materials that allow fast and convenient hemostasis are urgently needed. However, obtaining an ideal hemostatic agent that exhibits biocompatibility, biodegradability, and hemostatic efficacy remains challenging. Recent studies demonstrate that morphological characteristics of hemostatic materials impact their efficacy. This study reports on the importance of morphological modification of traditional Chinese medicine plant polysaccharides. The hemostatic properties of Three-leaf Qing polysaccharides, optimized in particle (SYQ-P) and sponge (SYQ-S) forms, were investigated in vitro and in vivo. SYQ-S and SYQ-P exhibit excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility, thereby improving fibroblast cell proliferation. The hemostatic mechanism involves stable blood clot formation through intrinsic coagulation pathways. In a lethal mouse liver defect bleeding model, blood loss and clotting time were lower with polysaccharides use than with commercial hemostatic drugs. SYQ-S demonstrates instant water-triggered expansion and high absorption capacity, while the sponge-like morphological characteristics effectively improve blood component concentrations. With efficient hemostasis and excellent biocompatibility, SYQ-S dramatically accelerated wound healing in a full-thickness skin defect model in vivo. Thus, SYQ-S effectively promotes the formation of granulation tissue, collagen deposition, and angiogenesis, which ultimately accelerates wound healing. Our work highlights the design of natural Chinese medicine polysaccharides and presents a promising hemostatic agent for widespread clinical application.

Analyzing the Impact of Dissolved Organic Components on River Water Quality and Its Implications for Human Health: A Case Study from Banjar District

Introduction: Environmental contamination, especially water quality, is a global issue. The association between river water quality and human health is explored in Banjar Regency, rich in natural resources and essential rivers, utilizing dissolved organic components concentration as an indicator. Methods: A mixed-methods study in Banjar District, South Kalimantan, Indonesia, examined the impact of river water quality on human health, using dissolved forganic components as a primary indicator. Water quality assessments, nutrient content measurements, consumption surveys, and water-related disease epidemiology provided data. The statistical studies revealed key correlations and patterns. Results and Discussion: Water quality metrics varied among sampling locations. The dissolved fish feed negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen, while nutrient content weakly correlated with gastrointestinal disorders. High water temperatures increased respiratory illnesses. Drinking water from sources with high dissolved fish feed content caused digestive and respiratory problems. The study confirms previous research linking water quality parameters to health effects. The complex relationship between water quality and health is location-dependent, illustrating how environmental factors, especially water quality, shape illness trends. Conclusion: The study illuminates the complex links between river water quality, human health, and water usage in Banjar District. Dissolved fish feed content affects digestive and respiratory disorders, emphasizing the need of water quality management for regional health. These findings guide Banjar District water resource management and public health measures and help solve worldwide environmental pollution issues.

Synthesis, characterization, and investigation of antibacterial activity of Novel CMC/CuO NPs/CQDs bionanocomposite coating

In recent decades, healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) have become a common problem in healthcare facilities such as hospitals. As a result, researchers are currently developing nanocomposite coatings that are strengthened with antibacterial nanoparticles. In this research, a novel antibacterial bionanocomposite coating based on carboxymethyl cellulose polymer/copper oxide nanoparticles/carbon quantum dots was coated on medical grade 316 stainless steel by sol-gel dip-coating method. The effect of the concentration of nanocomposite components was investigated at four different levels to determine the best ratio with the most antibacterial activity. Structural characteristics of nanocomposite and coating were investigated using different analysis methods. The coating analysis showed that reinforcements are uniformly distributed in the polymer matrix. Antibacterial test of disc diffusion was performed by the Kirby-Bauer method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) antibacterial test. The results showed that bionanocomposite was effective in the MIC assays against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with MIC values of 25 mg/ml and >50 mg/ml, respectively. The inhibition zones for E. coli and S. aureus were 17 and 32 mm, respectively, at 10 μg/disc of gentamicin. SEM images displayed significant and evident alterations in the structure of bacterial morphology, indicating cellular damage.

INFLUENCE OF ELECTROLYSIS CONDITIONS ON THE COMPOSITION OF ELECTROLYTIC COMPOSITE COATINGS BASED ON COBALT

The composite coatings electrodeposition with the refractory metals with cobalt makes it possible to obtain a coating with a unique combination of physicochemical properties that are unattainable when using other application methods. One of the reasons for the limited use of the electrolytic method of coating with such composites is the difficulty of controlling the process. The properties of alloys of the iron subgroup with refractory metals and composites depend not only on the chemical composition (the content of the refractory component) but also on the deposition conditions. By varying the composition of the electrolyte in galvanostatic mode it is impossible to obtain high-quality composite coatings with a high content of refractory components and current efficiency. As an alternative, it was suggested the use of pulsed electrolysis mode that allows to improve the producing of composite coatings. The process of formation of composite electrolytic coatings based on cobalt Co-W-ZrO2 on a copper substrate in pulse mode with a diphosphate-citrate electrolyte was investigated. The effect of current density, pulse duration and frequency on the coating composition, surface morphology, and current efficiency of compositional electrolytic coatings based on cobalt with refractory metals. An increase in current density causes a decrease in the content of refractory metals in compositional electrolytic coatings and an increase in oxygen content. The resulting coatings differ in a uniformly developed surface without cracks, which provides a sufficiently high adhesion. It is established that the size of the globe on the surface of the alloy decreases with increasing current density to 10 A/dm2. The control of the composition of Co-W-ZrO2 galvanic alloys in a quite wide range of alloying components concentrations is being achieved by varying the parameters of the pulse electrolysis, which allows adapting of the deposition technology to the needs of the modern market.

Low adsorption affinity of athabasca oil sands naphthenic acid fraction compounds to a peat-mineral mixture

Much of the toxicity in oil sands process-affected water in Athabasca oil sands tailings has been attributed to naphthenic acids (NAs) and associated naphthenic acid fraction compounds (NAFCs). Previous work has characterized the environmental behaviour and fate of these compounds, particularly in the context of constructed treatment wetlands. There is evidence that wetlands can attenuate NAFCs in natural and engineered contexts, but relative contributions of chemical, biotic, and physical adsorption with sequestration require deconvolution. In this work, the objective was to evaluate the extent to which prospective wetland substrate material may adsorb NAFCs using a peat-mineral mix (PMM) sourced from the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR). The PMM and NAFCs were first mixed and then equilibrated across a range of NAFC concentrations (5–500 mg/L) with moderate ionic strength and hardness (∼200 ppm combined Ca2+ and Mg2+) that approximate wetland water chemistry. Under these experimental conditions, low sorption of NAFCs to PMM was observed, where sorbed concentrations of NAFCs were approximately zero mg/kg at equilibrium. When NAFCs and PMM were mixed and equilibrated together at environmentally relevant concentrations, formula diversity increased more than could be explained by combining constituent spectra. The TOC present in this PMM was largely cellulose-derived, with low levels of thermally recalcitrant carbon (e.g., lignin, black carbon). The apparent enhancement of the concentration and diversity of components in PMM/NAFCs mixtures are likely related to aqueous solubility of some PMM-derived organic materials, as post-hoc combination of dissolved components from PMM and NAFCs cannot replicate enhanced complexity observed when the two components are agitated and equilibrated together.