Concentration Of Cadmium Acetate Research Articles

Is Turkish coffee protects Drosophila melanogaster on cadmium acetate toxicity by promoting antioxidant enzymes?

With their increasing use in today's industry, heavy metals cause biochemical and biophysical changes by affecting the control and regulatory systems of living things. Cadmium (Cd), a heavy metal, spreads to the environment through both natural sources and industrial activities. It is taken into the organism through water, food, skin contact or smoke. Systems and organs of living things are directly or indirectly affected by Cd toxicity. Besides their recreational usage, herbal products such as coffee are preferred in alternative medicine because of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antidiabetic effects. Turkish coffee (TK) is a drink rich in flavorings, phenolic compounds and antioxidant compounds. The study evaluated the possible antioxidant role of TK against oxidative stress induced by Cadmium acetate (CdA) in the fat tissues of old-young female individuals of Drosophila melanogaster. The female flies were fed with either a standard diet, or CdA (10–30 mg), or TK (2%), or both (CdA + TK) for 3 and 10 days. Following the completion of the feeding period, the amounts of fatbody and oxidative stress markers (oxidative stress index, malondialdehyde), activities of antioxidant enzymes (Glutathione-S-transferase, Catalase, and Superoxide dismutase) and their levels were measured. Fat body lipid droplets were high in the individuals exposed to high concentrations of CdA. It was determined that lipid droplets decreased but did not significantly alter oxidative stress in the individuals treated with TK (p = 0.05). This article may be of help in terms of the use of TK compounds as antioxidants to evaluate their effects in preventing heavy metal accumulation and stress in the aging process.

Morphology and Composition of Lead-Cadmium Sulfide Photo-Sensitive Films

CdxPb1-xS films with a thickness of 620 and 680 nm were prepared by chemical precipitation from a reaction mixture containing lead salt, thiourea, alkali and cadmium acetate. The concentration of cadmium acetate was 0.01 and 0.1 mol/l. Electron-microscopic studies showed a fundamental difference in the morphology of the CdxPb1-xS thin films with a 10-fold difference in the concentration of cadmium acetate in the reaction bath. The results of energy dispersive analysis indicate the nonstoichiometry of the synthesized films on sulfur. Auger spectrometry revealed a high content of oxygen in the surface layer of the thin film coating CdxPb1-xS (up to 10 and 40 at. %). In the sample obtained from the reaction bath containing 0.01 mol / l of cadmium acetate, after ion etching at a depth of more than 30 nm, no oxygen was detected. In a sample prepared with a cadmium acetate content of up to 0.1 mol/l, the oxygen content does not exceed 3 at. %

ВЛИЯНИЕ КАДМИЯ НА ГЕМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ КАРПА

The article is devoted to the assessment of the toxic effects of cadmium acetate on fish. The research topic is relevant, since heavy metals, and especially cadmium, are ones of the most dangerous pollutants for the aquatic environment. After the emission of the already used water by the electricity-power plants into the reservoirs of circulating wa-ter, a sharp increase in the maximum permit-ted concentrations of heavy substances can be observed often, which act on hydrobi-onts for a rather short period of time. That is why, modeling this effect is necessary to study the effects of heavy metals. The aim of the assay was to study the hematological parameters of carp after exposure to various concentrations of cadmium acetate. During the experiment, 5 groups of fish were formed - 1 control group (10 fish), 4 experimental groups - 10 fish each. The experimental groups of fish were exposed in a solution of cadmium acetate (Cd (CH3COO) 2) with concentrations of 0.05 mg / l, 0.5 mg / l, 5 mg / l, 50 mg / l (exceeding the maximum permissible concentration of cadmium for fisheries in 10, 100, 1000 and 10000 times respectively). We have investigated: the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, the number of red blood cells in the blood and the con-centration of hemoglobin in the blood. Dur-ing the study, the authors noted an increase in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate due to the formation of conglomerates of blood cells with plasma proteins, as well as a de-crease in the number of red blood cells due to the toxic effect of cadmium acetate. A decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood was also observed, probably associated with a decrease in the number of red blood cells due to their lysis. With an increase in the concentration of the metal under study, there is a significant increase in ESR, a decrease in the level of hemoglobin and the number of red blood cells.

Tunability and Graded Energy Band Gap of Chemical Bath Deposited Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) Thin Film for Optoelectronic Applications

CdS thin films have continued to receive scientific and technological attention due to their potential applications in efficient solar energy conversion and utilization in device fabrication. In this research, CdS thin films were deposited on indium doped tin oxide (ITO) substrates of dimension 2.3 by 2.4 cm2. Three different aqueous bath solutions of CdS were formed by increasing the concentration of cadmium acetate as a source of cadmium while the concentration of ammonium chloride and thiourea as a source of sulfur remained constant in the reaction bath as against the usual convention to ascertain the strength of the constituents in the reaction. The energy band gap of the films decreases with increase in the concentration of cadmium as a constituent of the bath while the films optical transmittance was found to increase with increase in concentration. This indicates that the energy band gap of the films can be predetermined by the choice of the constituent of the concentration in the chemical bath deposition technique (CBD). The increase in the transmittance for both as deposited and annealed CdS confirms the suitability of the films as window layer device, solar cell and optoelectronic applications.

Influence of Cadmium on Nerve Cells of the Brain and the Neuroprotective Effect of Ca2+ Chelator and N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine

This paper discussed the mechanism of damage and apoptosis caused by cadmium (Cd) to the nerve cells of the brain and the influence of Cd on the mRNA expression of Bcl-2 and NO synthase (NOS) genes. In addition, the protective influence of BAPTA-AM and N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) to the nerve cells was analyzed. Experiments were conducted to measure cell survival and concentrations of Ca2+ and ROS under different concentration of cadmium acetate. The results showed that with the increase in the concentration of cadmium acetate, the survival of nerve cells declined dramatically, while the intercellular Ca2+ and ROS concentrations increased significantly. This indicated considerable damage caused by Cd to the nerve cells. The mRNA expression of Bcl-2 decreased significantly with the increase in Cd concentration, while the mRNA expression of Bax increased to varying degrees. At a higher concentration of Bcl-2, Bcl-2/Bax heterodimer was detected in nerve cells, which slowed down the apoptosis of the cells; at a low concentration of Bcl-2, Bcl-2/Bax homodimer was formed, thus accelerating the apoptosis of the nerve cells. Fluorescence staining showed that the nerve cells in the control group were intact, uniformly stained and had elliptical nuclei. For the experimental group, the nuclei in most cells shrank in size or even became fragmented due to the presence of Cd. BAPTA-AM reversed the sudden increase of Ca2+ concentration in the nerve cells treated by Cd, while NAC reduced cell apoptosis by inhibiting the breaking and mutation of the DNA strand in cells. Compared with BAPTA-AM, NAC exhibited less significant inhibitory effect on Cd-induced cell apoptosis and offered limited neuroprotective effect on nerve cells.

Fabrication and characterization of ZnO@CdS core–shell nanostructure using acetate precursors: XRD, FESEM, DRS, FTIR studies and effects of cadmium ion concentration on band gap

ZnO@CdS core–shell nano-structure has been synthesized using zinc acetate dihydrate, and cadmium acetate dihydrate as simple precursors in a water–ethanol matrix without using any surfactant, ligand or chelating agents. The effect of different concentrations of cadmium acetate and sodium sulfide on optical and electronic properties of ZnO@CdS core–shell was investigated. The morphology and structure of the ZnO@CdS core–shell nano-structures have been confirmed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The results showed that the ZnO@CdS core–shell nano-structure is mixed cubic and hexagonal structures. FESEM results showed the mono-dispersed and uniform size of 39nm. Optical properties were studied by UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) technique and the results showed that band gaps of ZnO@CdS core–shell nanocomposites were red shifted by increasing the cadmium concentration. FTIR spectrum of ZnO@CdS core–shell nano-structure showed a band at 482cm−1 correlated to ZnO bond and a band at 630cm−1 due to the stretching frequency of CdS bond.

Structural, optical and electrical properties of transparent conducting hydrophobic cadmium oxide thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis technique

Cadmium oxide thin films were deposited by spray pyrolysis method on the glass substrate at 300°C using different concentration of cadmium acetate. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements show that the coated CdO film belongs to cubic crystal structure with preferential orientation along (111) direction. Wettability results revealed that the hydrophobic character of CdO thin film is enhanced with increase in the precursor concentrations. The surface morphology and roughness of the films were determined by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). The average optical transmittance of CdO films in the range 400–800nm, is about 80%. The resistivity, mobility and carrier concentration of CdO thin films were determined by Hall effect measurement. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra showed a strong emission peak around 590nm.

Oxidative Stress and Apoptotic Changes of Rat Cerebral Cortical Neurons Exposed to Cadmium in Vitro

ObjectiveTo investigate the cytotoxic mechanism of cadmium (Cd) on cerebral cortical neurons. MethodsThe primary cultures of rat cerebral cortical neurons were treated with different concentrations of cadmium acetate (0, 5, 10, and 20 mol/L), and then the cell viability, apoptosis, ultrastructure, intracellular [Ca2+]i and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ), activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. ResultsA progressive loss in cell viability and an increased number of apoptotic cells were observed. In addition, Cd-induced apoptotic morphological changes in cerebral cortical neurons were also demonstrated by Hoechst 33258 staining. Meanwhile, ultrastructural changes were distortion of mitochondrial cristae and an unusual arrangement. Simultaneously, elevation of intracellular [Ca2+]i and ROS levels, depletion of Δψ were revealed in a dose-dependent manner during the exposure. Moreover, CAT and SOD activities in the living cells increased significantly. ConclusionExposure of cortical neurons to different doses of Cd led to cellular death, mediated by an apoptotic mechanism, and the apoptotic death induced by oxidative stress may be a potential reason. And the disorder of intracellular homeostasis caused by oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction may be a trigger for apoptosis in cortical neurons.

Phytotoxicity of cadmium ions on germinating seedlings of mung bean (Phaseolus vulgaris): Involvement of lipid peroxides in chlorphyll degradation

Germinating seedlings of mung bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. K‐16) were treated with different concentrations of cadmium acetate (10, 50 and 100 μM). Cd2+ lowered the chlorophyll and heme levels. The level of lipid peroxides were higher on day 3 than on day 6. However, Cd2+ treatment significantly enhanced the level of lipid peroxides. Similarly, a dose‐dependent induction of lipoxygenase (EC 1.13.11.12) activity was observed with Cd2+ treatment. Further, the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) and catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) were decreased. Our results suggest that lipoxygenase‐mediated accumulation of lipid peroxides on the one hand and inhibition of free radical scavenging enzymes like superoxide dismutase and catalase on the other caused a pronounced reduction in the chlorophyll and heme levels of the seedlings. The experiments conducted on the effect of Cd2+ on dark‐grown seedlings did not conform with the result of light‐grown seedlings. Though chlorophyll and heme levels decreased in a dose‐dependent manner, no accumulation of lipid peroxides was observed, suggesting that the inhibition of chlorophyll synthesis by Cd2+ is achieved both by reaction with constituent biosynthetic enzymes as well as peroxide‐mediated degradation.

A high molecular weight plasmid ofZymomonas mobilis harbours genes for HgCl2 resistance

Plasmids fromZ.mobilis could be stably maintained inE.coli HB101 in which the expression of various drug resistance markers could be monitored. A large molecular weight plasmid (5.2 kbp) ofZ.mobilis was found to harbour the genes for mercuric chloride degradation and to confer uponE.coli, resistance to a higher mercuric chloride concentration as compared toZ.mobilis. The introduction of this plamsid madeE.coli sensitive to concentrations of cadmium acetate which were originally non-inhibitory to it.