Concentrations Of Alcoholic Extract Research Articles

Study of the cytotoxic activity of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Iraqi aromatic rice bran on B16 cell line

The test was conducted on a sample consisting of mixing three samples of Iraqi Aromatic rice (Amber) bran obtained from the private mills in Najaf Governorate. The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) method was used to study the cytotoxic effect of alcoholic and aqueous extract of Iraqi Aromatic rice bran on B16 cell line, it is a murine tumor cell line used as a model to study human melanoma. The results showed that all concentrations of alcoholic extract (5, 10, 20, 40, and 80) % caused a significant inhibition on the B16 cell line. The inhibition rate reached to (13.00, 27.00, 47.33, 71.67 and 86.67) % respectively, after 48 hours while the cell viability was (87.00, 73.00, 52.67, 28.33and 13.33) % with a statistically significant difference at P≤. 0.05 compared to the control. The results showed that the aqueous extract had less inhibition effectiveness (for the same concentrations) after 48 hours, (10.00, 19.33, 27.00, 46.67 and 66.33) % and the cell viability rate was (90.00, 80.67, 73.00, 53.33 and 33.67) % respectively. The study shows that both alcoholic and aqueous extract prepared from Iraqi Aromatic rice bran had a toxic and anti-proliferative effect on B16 cell line, and this effect increases with increasing concentration. Treatment of these cells with the two extracts caused shrinkage, a decrease in numbers, and a clear morphological change in this type of cells.

Evaluation the Inhibitory Effect of Aloe Vera Aqueous and Alcoholic Extracts on Salivary Streptococcus Mutans In Comparison to Chlorohexidine Gluconate

diabetic properties. The aim of this study (an in vitro study) was to evaluate the effect of Aloe Vera alcoholic and water aqueous extract in different concentration (18%, 28%, 38%, and 48%) on the viable count and inhibition zone of streptococcus mutans and compared with chlorhexidine 2%. In this study the isolation and identification of streptococcus mutans was performed from saliva of individual, aged under 65 years old, these bacteria was isolated, purified and diagnosed according to morphological characteristic features and biochemical test. The effect of Aloe Vera extracts in different concentrations were tested on the isolated species by using agar diffusion technique and the effect of different concentrations of aloe vera on viable count of streptococcus mutans.Results: In vitro experiments, statistically reduction in the viable count of streptococcus mutans was recorded at all concentration of alcoholic Aloe Vera extract and increase in the concentration lead to increase in the reduction of viable count of streptococcus mutans while in this study showed significant reduction in viable count of streptococcus mutans at higher concentration of water extract of Aloe Vera at 38% and 48%.The diameter of inhibition zone of streptococcus mutans were highly significant at all concentration of alcoholic extract in comparison to water extract

Detection of the Inhibition Activity of Alcoholic Extract of Green Tea Leaves (Camellia sinensis) and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Against Few Bacteria and Fungi Species Isolated from Eyes Infection

A 80 samples were collected from patients who were suffering from eyes infections in Samarra hospitals, Samarra city during the period from December 20, 2020 to January 20, 2021. All the samples were from male and female aged between 1–75 years. They were cultivated on selective and differential media in the laboratory and stained by gram stain. Some biochemical tests were done as confirmation diagnostic tests. There were 71 (88.75%) samples yielded positive growth that includes Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pneumonia 24 (30%), 16 (20%) and 9 (11.25%), respectively. The results show that 7 isolates of Haemophilus Influenzae, 6 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 5 isolates of Escherichia coli with percentages (11.25%), (7.5%) and (6.25%) respectively. Four isolates with 5% of Candida albicans were isolated from eyes infections. The sensitivity of bacterial isolates was tested using 12 antibiotics that included quinolones, aminoglycosides, beta- lactams and tetracyclines antibiotics. Imipenem and levofloxacin were more effective than the rest of the antibiotics which range from medium to inactive. The antibacterial impact of alcoholic extracts of Camellia sinensis leaves and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on certain microbial infections were investigated. Results show that 100% concentration of alcoholic extract gives a high inhibitory effect on all isolated microbes in compares with NPs. The highest inhibition zone is S. aureus with a diameter of 35 mm and the less is 10 mm against S. pneumoniae. The alcoholic extract shows an effective result against C. albicans with a diameter of 15mm. At concentrations of 100% and 150%, zinc oxide nanoparticles inhibit S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans, respectively.

Assessment of Antagonistic Effect of Alcoholic Extract from Cyanophyta (Spirulina Platensis) Against Several Human and Plant Derived Pathogenic Fungi

Background: Blue-green algae have been proved to producing different bioactive compounds. For this reason Spirulina platensis isolates have been used in the present study as a biocontrol agent against several human and plant pathogenic fungi. Current study was aimed to investigate the use of crude extract of Spirulina platensis as antifungal agent by determining the antagonistic activity of methanolic extract of Spirulina platensis against several human and plant pathogenic fungi. Also, to determine the antifungal phytochemicals within algal alcoholic extract through GC-mass analysis. Method: Four different concentrations of alcoholic extract were prepared (100,75, 50 and 25mg/ml) from algal isolates and their antagonistic activity was investigated against molds isolated from spoiled fruits (two isolates of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Mucor sp. and Botrytis sp.) and against several Candiada spp. (Candida albicans, Candida glurbrate, Candida fameta, Candida lustrans) which were isolated from different clinical sources. Results: The results showed that algal extract displayed wide range of antagonistic activity against tested fungi depending on applied algal extract concentration and tested fungal species. Also, GC-Mass data analysis had been performed for algal extract and 36 different bioactive chemicals have been identified including eight compounds authenticated as having antifungal activity. Conclusion: Spirulina could be used as alternative drug to treat Candida sp. infections as well as added to food industries to enhance their nutritional value and simultaneously decreasing the possibility of food spoilage by molds.

Phytochemical analysis, Antioxidant and Antiprotoscolices potential of ethanol extracts of selected plants species against Echinococcus granulosus: In-vitro study

AbstractCystic Echinococossis is a serious zoonotic parasitic infection caused by Echinococcus granulosus species complex. The current study was designed to evaluate the in-vitro antiprotoscolices effect of alcoholic extracts of three selected medicinal plants including Buxus Wallichiana, Berberis vulgaris and Euphorbia heliscopia against Echinococcus granulosus. Fertile hydatid cysts were collected from livestock and viability of the protoscolices was confirmed by 0.1% eosin red stain method. Protoscolices were subjected to three different concentrations of alcoholic extracts (10mg/ml, 30mg/ ml and 50mg/ml) for 10, 20 and 30 min. The highest efficacy was shown by B. vulgaris (97.92%) followed by B. wallichiana (65.98%) and E. heliscopia (61.22%) respectively, after exposure of 30 minutes at 50mg/ml concentration, that lead to the significant reduction in the viability of protoscolices. Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponnins were identified qualitatively and weighted quantitatively, that might help in the identification of bioactive compounds involved in selective action on the tegument layer of protoscolices. Alcoholic extracts of all the three selected medicinal plants showed toxic activities against protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus. These findings suggest that all the selected medicinal plants could be a promising source of potent antiprotoscolices effect. However, the mechanism by which plant extracts killed protoscolices and also their safety for living cells are unclear and need to be investigated further.

Role of Challenger pesticide and plant extracts on some physiological parameters of the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)

Fourth instar larvae of cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.), fed on castor bean leaves treated with sub-lethal concentrations of both alcohol and hexane extracts of Egyptian conyza and Challenger 36% SC insecticide as well to study their effects on mortality, food consumption and utilisation of food. The tested insecticides exhibited relatively high mortality in alcoholic extract of Egyptian conyza (5.0% concentration) followed by Challenger (1.0% concentration). Results showed a slight reduction in the consumption index for larvae treated with both alcoholic extract and Challenger at low concentrations, while hexane extract (5%) recorded significant increase. The approximate digestibility (AD) was reduced in all treatments of alcoholic extract and the relative growth rate insignificantly decreased at 5% concentration, whereas AD increased for larvae fed on Challenger 0.25% concentration. The lower concentration of alcoholic extract of conyza and all treatments of Challenger pesticides induced insignificant decrease in the efficiency of conversion of the ingested food, while hexane extract exhibited insignificant increase. Challenger at all tested concentrations achieved insignificant decrease in the efficiency of the conversion of digested food with respect to the control.

Influence of extract from shoots of Taxus baccata var. 'Elegantissima' on mitotic activity of meristematic cells of Allium cepa L. roots

We investigated the influence of different concentrations of alcoholic extract from young shoots of <em>Taxus baccata</em> var. 'Elegantissima' (TbE), containing paclitaxel (81.6 µg/g fresh mass), on mitotic activity and DNA content in meristematic ` cells of <em>Allium cepn</em> adventitious root tips. During 24 hours of incubation we obtained different level of inhibition of mitotic activity: ranging from slight changes (dilution 1:32), through complete inhibition reversible in postincubation (dilution 1:8), to whole inhibition irreversible in postincubation (dilution 1:4). Inhibition of mitotic activity was connected with an increase of prophases and metaphases and changes in morphology of chromosomes (thick chromosomes of prophases with diluted karyolymph and c-metaphases). During the experiment, the number of aberrations and micronuclei didn't increase but the number of cells with replicated DNA (4C) blocked in G2 phase was higher. This study was done by a flow cytometry method. The optimal concentration of the TbE extract, which inhibited mitotic activity, did not damage the genetic material (chromosomes) visibly.

Effect of kinds Sacks which treatment by the fruits extracts concentration of the fruits of Melia azedarach and Actellic insecticide on protection seeds Rice from Oryzaephilus Surinamensi L.

This study has been conducted to knowing the effect of different concentration of alcoholic extract 2,4,12% and the cold aqueous extract 12,15,25, 23% of the fruits of Melia azedarach on the ability of the adults of Oryzaephilus surinamensis to penetrate the filling sacks (jute and poly propline)and on them the loss percentage in the seeds rice weight of the stored grains. Aqueous have shown the lowest percentage of losing weight of the seeds that were sacked in poly propline sacks that where treated with the alcoholic extract at the concentration of 12% which was 1.88% where by the cold watery extract has given the lowest percentage of losing weight of the sacked seed at the concentration of 35% which was1.02%after six months of storage when treaded jute sacks with insecticide actellic at concentration 0.01% (recommend concentration) has given the lowest percentage of losing weight of sacked seed was 0.36% after 6 months of treatment. Therefore we suggest using the treated with the alcoholic extract at the concentration of 12% weight of the sacked seed at the concentration of 35%.

Development of bait formulations for control of intermediate hosts of African schistosome species.

Exploration of methods of snail control indicated a need for a new method because many failures in control programmes are due to lack of contact between molluscicides and the target snail population. The incorporation of molluscicides inside food pellets that are attractive to and ingestible by the target snails is suggested. Different concentrations of alcoholic extracts of Ambrosia maritima, Cucumis prophetarum and Rhynchosia minima-molluscicides of plant origin-were compared with niclosamide (Bayluscide) which is a strong synthetic molluscicide. They were incorporated into attractive food pellets and the lethal doses were determined. The results showed that Biomphalaria alexandrina snails are sensitive to only bait formulations with low concentrations of molluscicides. Laboratory and semi-field trials were conducted to study the efficacy of the prepared bait formulations on Biomphalaria alexandrina snails. The stability of these bait formulations was studied and it was observed that their effectiveness was reduced after long storage periods (> 3 weeks). The results revealed that Ambrosia maritima was the most effective molluscicide.