Concentrated Acid Solutions Research Articles

The effect of Beta-amino Butyric Acid in Levels of Interleukin4 & Interleukin 10, Complement Proteins C3 & C4 and Immunoglobin IgM in Males Rats Sprague Dawley Infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa

B–amino butyric acid (BABA) non protein amino acid has effect on some immunological parameters of male rats Sprague Dawley species infected with pseudomonas aeruginosa. this study include 25 animal divided into five groups A, B, C, D and E each group contain five animals, A, B and C groups injected with three concentration of amino acid solution (25 mg\ml, 50 mg\ml and 75 mg\ml) with dose (0.2 g\ kg, 0.4g\kg and 0.6 g\kg) respectively, intra peritoneal weekly for six weeks, group D (first control group) and E (second control group) injected with normal saline. At the fifth week the four groups A, B, C and D exposed to pseudomonas aeruginosa, while group E did not exposed to infections after the termination of period of treatment, The blood samples were collected to do the immunological tests, the statistical analysis P<0.05 results showed BABA did not enhance sensitivity through measuring interleukin IL4, and significant increase of IL10 and complement protein C4, while BABA didn’t have a negative effect on the complement protein C3 activation and increase the level of immunoglobulin IgM.

Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Glutamic Acid as a Reductor and Capping Agent

The synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was carried out by reacting chloroauric acid [AuCl4]‒ and glutamic acid solution in a water bath at 80 °C. The reaction was confirmed by the color change from colorless solution into pink. Various concentrations of the glutamic acid solution, reaction times and pH were examined to determine the optimum condition of AuNPs synthesis. The AuNPs colloid was characterized by UV-Visible spectrophotometer at wavelength 350-800 nm, particle size analyzer (PSA) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The optimum synthesis condition for obtained [AuCl4]‒ was 4 mM glutamic acid solution at pH 11 and 60 min reaction. TEM results showed that the particles were round in shape with the article size indicated by PSA was 40 nm.

Significance of bio-treatment by acid washing for enlargement of arsenic desorption in indigenous arsenic-resistant bacteria from gold mine

Mining activities can lead to the generation of large quantities of heavy metal, specifically arsenic which is released from a gold mine, causing widespread contamination of the ecosystem. Removal of carcinogenic and toxic arsenic from wastewater is essential for the safety of water that may be used for irrigation or drinking. In this study, three different of indigenous arsenic resistant bacterial strains were isolated from gold mine environment, Bacillus thuringiensis strain WS3, Pseudomonas stutzeri strain WS9, and Micrococcus yunnanensis strain WS11. WS9, WS3, and WS11 reached stationary phase after eight, ten, and seven hours, respectively, at 37 °C when grown in LB with arsenic. Gram staining showed WS9 as gram-negative rods, WS3 as gram-positive rods, and WS11 as gram-positive cocci. From the Silver nitrate test, WS3 and WS11 reduced As (V) to As (III) while WS9 oxidized As (III) to As (V). The desorption of arsenic using acid washing and parameters affecting the desorption of arsenic such as acid concentration, time, adsorbent dosage, and different volume of acid solution were investigated. The batch experiments were carried out using bacterial biomass cultured in LB with 2 mM arsenite (III) and 5 mM arsenate (V). Optimum conditions for desorption arsenic were determined, being 1 M acid concentration at 37 °C and 2 hours of contact with (50 mg) bacterial biomass in 100 ml acid solution. The removal of arsenite and arsenate increased after acid washing of bacterial biomass of the three strains. Consequently, desorption of arsenic using acid washing is essential for biomass regeneration.

Role of boric acid on economic seed production of alfalfa under climatic conditions of Sargodha

Alfalfa is one of the most important forage crops worldwide because of its wide range of adaptability and good forage quality. Seed yield is generally considered to be of secondary importance and is characterized by often poor seed yield and seed quality. A field experiment was conducted to determine the impact of boric acid foliar applications along with a basal dose during anthesis to enhance the alfalfa seed yield in agro-ecological conditions of Sargodha. In foliar boric acid fertilization 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 boric acid along with basal dose 23-80-50 (NPK kg ha-1) was used. Phosphorous and potash were applied at the time of sowing while nitrogen will be applied in two split doses; half at sowing time and half of 1st irrigation. Two foliar applications, 1st at intensive plant growth stage and the 2ndat the beginning of the blossoming of the crop. The concentration of boric acid solutions used were 2 ,4 , 6 ,8 and 10 glit-1 which produces a seed yield of 161.7, 167.9,171.3, 175.0,186.7 and 176.1 kg ha-1 in year 2015-16 while next year in 2016-17 produces a seed yield of 286.5, 299.2,304.6, 308.3, 312.1 and 310.1kg ha-1 respectively which is higher than year 2015-16. Foliar fertilization with boron influenced forming of slightly higher number of seeds in the pod. Boron influenced the average increase of yield, with a slightly greater difference compared to control. Number of seeds per pod in boric acid dose of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 remained 6.1, 6.3, 6.4, 6.6, 6.8 and 6.7respectively in year 2016-17 which were higher than 4.3,4.4,4.5, 4.5,4.9 and 4.7 in year 2015-16. Overall 8 g liter-1 boric acid foliar fertilization produces 8.9 % higher seed yield, 11.4 % higher no of seeds per pod compared to control in the year 2016-17 while produces 15.4% higher seed yield and 13.9 % higher no of seeds per pod as compared to control in the year 2015-16.

Vegetative propagation of <i>Afzelia africana</i> Sm. Ex Pers.: a multipurpose and threatened tree

Afzelia africana is at the verge of extinction from continuous exploitation without replacement, thus propagation of this tree species is expedient. Vegetative propagation is a reliable means of propagation of tree species. This study therefore describes a protocol for the vegetative propagation of Afzelia africana by using stem cuttings from its mature tree (20 years old) and saplings (2 years old). Herbaceous (non - lignified portion of the stem) and semi – hard wood cuttings (lignified portion of the stem) (with and without leaves) were treated with high and low concentrations of Indole butyric acid (IBA) solution via the quick dip and the soaking method of application and planted on forest soil and river sand in a humidifier. Cuttings from mature tree planted on forest soil and river sand did not respond to any treatment. Also, no response was observed on cuttings collected from saplings and planted on forest soil; however, cuttings planted on river sand sprouted. The presence and absence of leaves and IBA treatment had an interaction effect on root number (0.02) and root length (0.0001). The response from herbaceous cuttings was significantly higher than from semi – hard wood cuttings with respect to root number (1.00) and root length (5.82 cm). Cutting type and IBA treatment also had an interaction effect on root number (0.05) and root length (0.0007). Herbaceous leafy stem cuttings of A. africana treated with 400 ppm IBA and planted on river sand is suitable for rooting stem cuttings of A. africana for raising seedlings for reforestation, afforestation and other conservation purposes.
 © 2020 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.
 Keywords: Rooting, cuttings, Afzelia africana, hormone, humidifier

Effect of acid on glycoalkaloids and acrylamide in French fries

ABSTRACT The effects of acid soaking as a pre-treatment on the glycoalkaloid and acrylamide levels in raw and cooked potatoes (French fries) were examined. Soaking raw potato cuts in 1.0%, 2.5% or 5.0% acetic acid solutions for at least 8 hours resulted in >90% reduction of α-solanine and α-chaconine in potato samples. Processing of pre-acid soaked potato cuts into French fries resulted in an additional >50% decrease in the glycoalkaloid contents in the samples. Soaking time was found to be a more important factor in reducing glycoalkaloid levels compared to the acid solution concentrations. Over a 95% reduction in acrylamide was also observed in potato cuts pre-soaked in acetic acid before cooking. The reduction in acrylamide formation in the pre-soaked French fry samples was attributed to the lowered pH and the removal of reducing sugars and asparagine in the raw samples prior to cooking. Findings in this study demonstrate that pre-treatment using acid soaking provides a simple and effective way to mitigate glycoalkaloid and acrylamide levels in potatoes.

Electrochemical behaviour of bismuth in HCl solutions

Measurements of open circuit potential and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at open circuit condition have been employed to characterize the behaviour of the mechanically polished bismuth surface in hydrochloric acid solution of various concentrations (0.01–1.0 M). The air-formed (pre-immersion) bismuth oxide grows on the surface in all the test solutions, but its thickness decreases as the HCl concentration increases. The impedance results showed that bismuth surface reactivity towards oxide thickening decreases as chloride ions concentration increases as a result of their aggressiveness nature. The equivalent circuit model for fitting the spectra of the EIS data of bismuth in HCl solution indicated that the mechanism of Bi corrosion is controlled by the charge-transfer and diffusion processes. The mechanically polished bismuth surface was examined by scanning electron microscopy before and after immersion in 0.023 M HCl solution. The scanning electron micrographs have shown that the flawed regions formed on the mechanically polished Bi surface were repaired after immersion in the acid solution due to thickening of the oxide film.

Thermodynamic Modeling of Calcium Sulfate Hydrates in a CaSO4-H2SO4-H2O System from 273.15 to 473.15 K up to 5 m Sulfuric Acid.

To prevent scaling and to recycle aqueous solutions in industrial processes, the thermodynamic properties of the CaSO4–H2SO4–H2O system are studied by thermodynamic modeling with the Pitzer model. The published solubility data of calcium sulfate hydrates in sulfuric acid solutions were collected and reviewed critically. Then, the CaSO4–H2SO4–H2O system was modeled using the Pitzer activity coefficient approach from critically selected experimental data to obtain optimized parameters. The model reproduces the solubility data with good accuracy up to 5 m sulfuric acid at temperatures of 283.15–368.15, 283.15–473.15, and 298.15–398.15 K for gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O), anhydrite (CaSO4), and hemihydrate (CaSO4·0.5H2O), respectively. However, at temperatures above 398.15 K and sulfuric acid concentration above 0.5 mol/kg, the solubility of anhydrite predicted by our model deviates significantly from the literature data. Our model predicts that the solubility of anhydrite would first increase but then decrease in more concentrated sulfuric acid solutions, which is in disagreement with the experimental data showing constantly increasing solubilities as a function of increasing sulfuric acid concentration. This discrepancy has been discussed. The transformations of gypsum to anhydrite and hemihydrate were predicted in sulfuric acid solutions. With increasing H2SO4 concentration, the transformation temperatures of gypsum to anhydrite and hemihydrate will decrease. Thus, gypsum is stable at low temperatures in solutions of low H2SO4 concentrations and transforms to anhydrite at high temperatures and in concentrated H2SO4 solutions, while hemihydrate is always a metastable phase. Furthermore, the predicted results were compared with previous experimental studies to verify the accuracy of the model.

Relationship between silicon, phosphorus content and grain number in mild steels and its corrosion resistance in pickling hydrochloric acid

The micro-structural effects on the corrosion resistance of three classes of mild steels (A, B and C) suitable for galvanizing industry, according to their silicon, phosphorus content, grain number and size of carbides (Fe3C) in concentrated hydrochloride acid solution was investigated by a series of known techniques, such as potentiodynamic polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that the corrosion rate of the three classes of mild steel depends on their silicon and silicon/phosphorus combinations contents. It is found also that the corrosion rate depends on grain number and size of carbide content in mild steels. These findings were confirmed by micro-structural characterization and scanning electron microscopy techniques. They indicated that the severe corrosion cavities formed on the carbon steel surfaces and their sizes depended to silicon and silicon/phosphorus combinations contents. These results explained by micro-galvanic corrosion process between cementites and ferrites which became more serious with silicon and silicon/phosphorus combinations contents.

Positive control tests for fingermark development reagents

At the start of this study, no reliable, consistent, challenging and representative positive control test was commercially available for fingermark visualisation techniques.The goal of this study was to determine the lower limits of detection (LOD) of the fingermark visualisation techniques ninhydrin and 1,2-indanedione-ZnCl and developing positive control tests for these techniques.Spot tests with an amino acid solution were produced to determine the lower LOD’s. Secondly, a Dimatix Materials Printer (DMP) was used to print simulated fingermarks using different concentrations of an amino acid solution, to determine the lower LOD of ninhydrin and 1,2-indanedione-ZnCl using the DMP.Concept positive control tests were developed using the lower LOD of ninhydrin and 1,2-indanedione-ZnCl. These were later on adjusted, to form the definitive positive control tests, after a testing period of two months.

Effect of dealumination of HZSM-5 by acid treatment on catalytic properties in non-hydrocracking of diesel

A series of modified HZSM-5 zeolites with different types of acid and different HCl concentrations treatments were synthesized, respectively. The crystal morphology, textural property and acidic property of the catalysts were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption–desorption, NH3‐TPD, Py-IR and 27Al MAS NMR spectroscopy. The influences of acid treated types and acid solution concentrations in the pore structure, acidity and non-hydrocracking activity were investigated. The results showed that mesopores were successfully induced to HZSM‐5 zeolites after dealumination by HCl and H3PO4 treatment and the acid sites were redistributed. The acidic analysis revealed that the increase of LAS/BAS value was conducive to improving the non-hydrocracking cracking activity and gasoline yield of the samples. It was also observed that an appropriate amount of HCl treatment can not only play the role of dredge the channel of the zeolites, also introduce some new mesoporous. The hydrochloric acid treated sample (HZ-1.0HA) showed the best diesel non-hydrocracking cracking activity and gasoline yield.

The Study of Corrosion Behavior and Hardness of AISI Stainless Steel 304 in Concentration of Chloride Acid Solution and Temperature Variations

This research aims at investigating the corrosion behavior and hardness of AISI Stainless Steel 304 (AISI SS 304) in corrosive hydrochloric acid solution and temperature variation treatment. In this study, the samples of AISI SS 304 are immersed for six (6) days in the corrosive acid solution at the temperature of 30°C and 50°C. The solution used as the corrosive media are HCl, FeCl3, and NaCl in the concentration of 5%, 10% and 15%. The results show that the higher the concentration of the solution, the higher the corrosion rate of AISI SS 304 will be, and the higher the temperature, the higher corrosion rate will also occur in all corrosion media. The corrosion that occurs in AISI SS 304 is mostly in the form of uniform corrosion and some pitting corrosion, and the value of hardness decreases after corrosion.

Selective Copper Recovery by Acid Leaching from Printed Circuit Board Waste Sludge

The most challenging issue associated with recycling the sludge generated from printed circuit boards (PCBs) is the separation of copper (Cu) from iron (Fe), using multi-stage leaching, or adding oxidizing and precipitating agents. Herein we investigated simple acid leaching to effectively extract copper and limit iron dissolution. Selective copper leaching was achieved with all the acids studied, including HCl, HNO3, and H2SO4. The lower concentration of acid solutions resulted in a larger difference in leachabilities between Cu and Fe. Among three leachates, the H2SO4 solution performed effectively on the selective leaching of Cu and Fe. Adjusting the pulp density to 4% and the H2SO4 concentration at ~0.2 M, accomplished ~95% Cu leaching and reduced the Fe extraction to less than 5%. Kinetic studies revealed that Cu leaching followed the ash diffusion-controlled mechanism. Aactivation energy (Ea) of 9.8 kJ/mol was determined for the first 10 min of leaching. Further, leaching up to 60 min corresponded to a mixed control model, increasing the Ea to 20.9 kJ/mol. The change in the control model with regard to the two leaching stages can be attributed to the Cu hydroxide and metal phases present in the original sample. A simple, economically attractive H2SO4 acid leaching process was demonstrated, recovering Cu efficiently and selectively from PCBs waste sludge under moderate conditions.

Theoretical and experimental study of foam stability mechanism by nanoparticles: Interfacial, bulk, and porous media behavior

Abstract Foam flooding has been applied as a promising method in enhanced oil recovery to obviate the challenges of gas flooding such as fingering, channeling and overriding. However, long-term foam stability is crucial for mobility control. In this work, the effective mechanisms on foam stability in the presence of CaCO3 nanoparticles were assessed both theoretically and experimentally. The static and dynamic behaviors of cationic surfactant (HTAB) foam in the presence of CaCO3 nanoparticles with different hydrophobicity were evaluated. The CaCO3 nanoparticles were treated with a series of long-chain fatty acids to generate a range of wettability. Afterward, the underlying mechanisms were revealed by conducting the supplementary experiments, including measurements of effective diffusion coefficient (Deff), Henry's constant (KH), interfacial tension (IFT), and zeta potential of nanoparticles. Further, efforts were made to analyze the interfacial interactions using xDLVO theory. By increasing of nanoparticles hydrophobicity, the continuous reduction of effective diffusion coefficient, solubility, and IFT was observed, which means higher foam stability. However, the adsorption of modified nanoparticles on the air-solution interface could reduce the total disjoining pressure between two parallel plates, supported by xDLVO prediction. This phenomenon has an adverse effect on the thin film stability. Therefore, there would be an optimum extent of nanoparticles surface modification to obtain the most stable foam stability, which was in agreement with the both bulk and porous media observations. The optimum condition was shifted to the nanoparticles modified with the lower chain fatty acids by increasing the concentration of fatty acid solutions. In this case, the negative effect of reduced disjoining pressure was more pronounced.

PVA/SO42−-AAO difunctional catalytic-pervaporation membranes: Preparation and characterization

In this paper, polyvinyl alcohol/SO42−-anodic aluminum oxide (PVA/SO42−-AAO) membranes, the dual-functional flat composite membranes (DCMs) applied for the simultaneous catalytic reaction and pervaporation, were fabricated via dip-coating method. Firstly, the PVA/AAO pervaporation composite membranes (SCMs) were prepared by using PVA as the active separation layer and AAO as the support layer. Secondly, the SO42− was loaded in the pores of AAO by dipping the membranes in dilute sulfuric acid solution. Thirdly the membranes were calcinated at 400 °C to produce the solid acid catalyst layer (SO42−-AAO). Finally, PVA solution was coated on one side of SO42−-AAO, and then the PVA/SO42−-AAO difunctional membranes were prepared. The effects of PVA concentration on the morphology and hydrophilicity of SCM were characterized by SEM and water contact angle. The effects of the concentration of the sulfuric acid solution on morphology, acid sites, elements distribution and crystal form of DCMs were characterized by SEM, MIP, NH3-TPD, XPS and XRD. The catalytic activity of SO42−-AAO was investigated through the esterification between ethanol and acetic acid. When the concentration of sulfuric acid was 2 mol/L, the SO42−-AAO had the best catalytic behavior. For the separation performance, compared with SCMs, the DCMs had higher flux but lower separation factor. Using DCM4 to do the pervaporation-esterification coupling experiments, acetic acid conversion reached above 96% after the 16-hours’ reaction, in addition, more than 90% acetic acid conversion was achieved after the operation of 80 h.

Chitosan-based electrospun membranes: Effects of solution viscosity, coagulant and crosslinker

Chitosan-based membranes were prepared via electrospinning technique using a low concentrated acetic acid solution as solvent and poly(ethylene oxide) as co-spinning agent. Different solutions were rheologically characterized and increasing the solution viscosity was found to correspond to a better-defined morphology. The membranes were first subjected to a coagulation process with different baths in order to stabilize chitosan and the mats were found not able to withstand a strongly basic environment. Subsequently, a physical and a chemical crosslinking approach were separately optimized to obtain stable mats whose composition was assessed via thermogravimetric and spectroscopic techniques, proving in both cases the elimination of the co-spinning agent. Above all, the ionically crosslinked mats represent a class of extremely promising biomedical products being probably highly biocompatible and characterized by thin and homogenous nanofibers with a diameter of 200 nm, thus showing the ideal structure to foster cell viability.

Ultrasonically and Iontophoretically Enhanced Drug-Delivery System Based on Dissolving Microneedle Patches

A multifunctional system comprised of hyaluronic acid microneedles was developed as an effective transdermal delivery platform for rapid local delivery. The microneedles can regulate the filling amount on the tip, by controlling the concentration of hyaluronic acid solution. Ultrasonication induces dissolution of the HA microneedles via vibration of acoustic pressure, and AC iontophoresis improves the electrostatic force-driven diffusion of HA ions and rhodamine B. The effect of ultrasound on rhodamine release was analyzed in vitro using a gelatin hydrogel. The frequency and voltage dependence of the AC on the ion induction transfer was also evaluated experimentally. The results showed that the permeability of the material acts as a key material property. The delivery system based on ultrasonication and iontophoresis in microneedles increases permeation, thus resulting in shorter initial delivery time than that required by delivery systems based on passive or ultrasonication alone. This study highlights the significance of the combination between ultrasonic waves and iontophoresis for improving the efficiency of the microneedles, by shortening the reaction duration. We anticipate that this system can be extended to macromolecular and dependence delivery, based on drug response time.

Thermochemical study for remediation of highly concentrated acid spill: Computational modeling and experimental validation

The release of concentrated acid solutions by chemical accidents is disastrous to our environmental integrity. Alkaline agents applied to remedy the acid spill catastrophe may lead to secondary damages such as vaporization or spread out of the fumes unless substantial amount of neutralization heat is properly controlled. Using a rigorous thermodynamic formalism proposed by Pitzer to account short-range ion interactions and various subsidiary reactions, we develop a systematic computational model enabling quantitative prediction of reaction heat and the temperature change over neutralization of strongly concentrated acid solutions. We apply this model to four acid solutions (HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, and HF) of each 3 M-equivalent concentration with two neutralizing agents of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Predicted reaction heat and temperature are remarkably consistent with the outcomes measured by our own experiments, showing a linear correlation factor R2 greater than 0.98. We apply the model to extremely concentrated acid solutions as high as 50 wt% where an experimental approach is practically restricted. In contrast to the extremely exothermic Ca(OH)2 agent, NaHCO3 even lowers solution temperatures after neutralization reactions. Our model enables us to identify a promising neutralizer NaHCO3 for effectively controlling concentrated acid spills and may be useful for establishment of proper strategy for other chemical accidents.

Strength deterioration model of remolded loess contaminated with acid and alkali solution under freeze-thaw cycles

The development of seasonal frozen region made the problems of soil pollution more complex. The shear strength characteristics of remolded loess are throughout investigated by direct shear tests with different concentrations of acid and alkali solution and are illustrated by the phenomena of the strength deterioration, which takes the freeze-thaw cycles into consideration. The experiment results show that the freeze-thaw cycle will cause the strength deterioration of soil, although the strength of soil has increased due to the pollution. The different type and adding order of solution will have a different impact on the strength deterioration when soil is under the freeze-thaw cycle. Moreover, the deterioration coefficient of internal friction angle (Kφ) does not change regularly with the increase of the freeze-thaw cycles, and it fluctuates up and down in a small area which does not change a lot. The deterioration coefficient of cohesion (Kc) changes regularly with the increase of the freeze-thaw cycles under all polluted conditions. The type, the adding order, and the concentration of solution all have an effect on the Kc. Strength deterioration model of remolded loess contaminated with acid and alkali solution under freeze-thaw cycles accords with an exponential function.

Optimization of electrospinning process & parameters for producing defect-free chitosan/polyethylene oxide nanofibers for bone tissue engineering

Chitosan (CS) nanofibers were electrospun from aqueous chitosan solution using concentrated acetic acid solution as a solvent. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) with varying weight content from 10- 60 wt% was mixed with chitosan solution that acted as a plasticizer to improve spinability of the prepared chitosan solution. With the increase in PEO content from 10-50 wt% the viscosity of the resultant CS/PEO solution was decreased from 0.938 Pa-s to 0.272 Pa-s, whereas higher the concentration of acetic acid lower was the surface tension of resultant chitosan solution. It was found beadless nanofibrous chitosan mat was obtained not less than 85% acetic acid concentration, 50 wt% PEO and at 0.2 wt% NaCl and 5 wt% total polymer concentration. From field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) investigation, it was observed that chitosan fibers with an average diameter of 149 nm were produced at an applied voltage of 22.5 KV, while that varied between 17.5- 25 KV. On the other hand, a minimum of 110 nm of average diameter chitosan nanofiber was obtained at a needle tip to rotor collector distance of 15 cm by the method of electrospining. In terms of solution flow rate, 0.4 mL/h was found to be optimum in obtaining defect-free electrospun fiber with lower average diameter. As a whole, smooth and uniform chitosan nanofibers were obtained from 50/50 CS/PEO solution prepared by using 90% acetic acid and electrospun at 20 kV applied voltage, 15 cm needle tip-to- rotor collector distance with 0.2 mm inner diameter needle and 0.4 mL/h feeding rate. After crosslinking with 1 wt% glutaraldehyde (GTA), the ultimate tensile strength and Young’s modulus of chitosan scaffold increased upto 9.47 MPa and 147.75 MPa respectively. From MTT assay and alkaline phosphatase expression analysis upto 11 days of cell culture period it was evident that thus prepared electrospun CS scaffolds supported MG 63 cell proliferation and its differentiation into mature osteoblast.