Computer System In Order Research Articles

수목의 장기 기후변화 연구시설: CO2폭로용 상부 개방형 온실

The open-top chamber (OTC) system is designed for long term studies on the climate change impact on the major tree species and their community in Korea. In Korea Forest Research Institute (KFRI), the modified OTC system has been operating since September 2009. The OTC facility consists of six decagon chambers (10 meters in diameter by 7 meters high) with controlled gas concentration. In each chamber, a series of vertical vent pipes are installed to disperse carbon dioxide or normal air into the center of the chamber. The OTC is equipped with remote controlled computer system in order to maintain a stable and elevated concentration of carbon dioxide in the chamber throughout the experimental period. The experiment consisted of 4 treatments: two elevated levels ( and ambient ) and two controls (inside and outdoors of the OTC). Average operational rate was the lowest (94.2%) in June 2010 but increased to 98% in July 2010 and was 100% during January to December 2011. In 2010~2011, concentrations inside the OTCs reached the target programmed values, and have been maintained stable in 2011. In 2011, concentrations of 106%, 100% and 94% of target values has been recorded in control OTC, -enriched OTC and -enriched OTC, respectively. With all OTC chambers, the difference between outside and inside temperatures was the highest () at 10 am to 2 pm. Temperature difference between six OTC chambers was not detected. The relative humidity inside and outside the chambers was the same, with minor variations (0~1%). The system required the highest amount of for operation in June, and consumed 11.33 and 17.04 ton in June 2010 and 2011, respectively.

Intrusion Detection using Naive Bayes Classifier with Feature Reduction

Intrusion detection is the process of monitoring and analyzing the events occurring in a computer system in order to detect signs of security problems. Today most of the intrusion detection approaches focused on the issues of feature selection or reduction, since some of the features are irrelevant and redundant which results lengthy detection process and degrades the performance of an intrusion detection system (IDS). The purpose of this study is to identify important reduced input features in building IDS that is computationally efficient and effective. For this we investigate the performance of three standard feature selection methods using Correlation-based Feature Selection, Information Gain and Gain Ratio. In this paper we propose method Feature Vitality Based Reduction Method, to identify important reduced input features. We apply one of the efficient classifier naive bayes on reduced datasets for intrusion detection. Empirical results show that selected reduced attributes give better performance to design IDS that is efficient and effective for network intrusion detection.

Experimental Evaluation of Events Distribution in Markov Based Computer Performance Models

The continuous-time Markov process is a widely used abstract tool for constructing high-level models of complex computer systems in order to evaluate either the performance or reliability parameters of a system. Utilization of the continuous-time Markov process is based on the assumption of exponential distribution of the time between random events influencing the behaviour of the modelled system. A different kind of probability distribution of this time requires adaptation (extension) of the original model. This article uses a representative example to evaluate the precision of the modelled system parameters using a simple Markov model based on the exponential distribution assumption instead of a more complex model which respects another (i.e. more realistic) probability distribution.

Performance Assessment of Different Classification Techniques for Intrusion Detection

Intrusion detection is one of the major research problems in network security. It is the process of monitoring and analyzing the events occurring in a computer system in order to detect different security violations. The aim of this paper is to classify activities of a system into two major categories: normal and abnormal activities. In this paper we present the comparison of different classification techniques to detect and classify intrusions into normal and abnormal behaviours using WEKA tool. WEKA is open source software which consists of a collection of machine learning algorithms for Data mining tasks. The algorithms or methods tested are Naive Bayes , j48, OneR, PART and RBF Network Algorithm. The experiments and assessments of the proposed method were performed with NSL-KDD intrusion detection dataset. With a total data of 2747 rows and 42 columns will be used to test and compare performance and accuracy among the classification methods that are used.

Aspectos da avaliação técnico-econômica de circuitos de flotação

A flotação é um dos mais importantes e mais utilizados processos de separação de minerais. Para se promover a otimização completa de um circuito de flotação, para o tratamento de um determinado minério, devem-se considerar suas características técnicas e econômicas. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve, como objetivo, desenvolver um aplicativo como forma de subsidiar as empresas no que diz respeito ao cálculo da vida útil econômica dos equipamentos de flotação. Para tanto, desenvolveram-se equações para estimar o custo de capital e o custo de operação e manutenção desses equipamentos e aplicou-se o método do custo anual uniforme equivalente (CAUE), para a determinação do momento oportuno de se substituírem tais equipamentos.

8.2.2 Requirements and Dependability Obstacles That Must Be Overcome

This article presents a study on the identification of the main obstacles that must be overcome in the requirements engineering phase of critical computer systems in order to ensure that these activities will help improve the system's dependability. The idea is to present how technology, process and people can interact with software and system engineering as well as the whole organization in order to fulfill the system's mission with safety and success. Besides that, the intention is to contribute with the discussion about requirements practices in critical computer systems, particularly in the space domain, as well as helping us understand important system and software requirements engineering problems. This approach comes from the experience acquired during the development of the on‐board software for the Brazilian Satellite Launch Vehicle and the study of emerging technologies in software engineering.

Toward a Meta-Grid Middleware

Institutional Desktop Grid systems are attractive for running distributed applications with significant computational requirements. While the rapid increasing number of users and applications running on such systems does demonstrate the potential of Desktop Grid, current implementations follow the old-fashioned master-worker paradigm. Obviously, vulnerability to failures and permanent administrative monitoring are the disadvantages of client-server architectures. Moreover, it is important to exploit existing computing systems in order to make a meta-grid middleware able to support any kind of applications. To bypass this, we propose a novel system, called BonjourGrid, able to orchestrate multiple instances of Institutional Desktop Grid middlewares, able to remove the risk of single-source bottleneck and failure, and able to guaranty the continuity of services in a distributed manner. We choose XtremWeb-CH, Boinc and Condor as computing systems in BonjourGrid. Thus, BonjourGrid can create a specific environment for each user based on XtremWeb-CH, Boinc or Condor. In addition, BonjourGrid can be adapted to fulfill all the requirements of a decentralized job scheduler. In this paper, we set experimentations using the three cited systems: Boinc, Condor and XtremeWeb-CH, in order to analyze the overhead generated by BonjourGrid and its capacity to manage multiple instances of Desktop Grid. The evaluation proves that BonjourGrid is able to manage more than 400 applications instantiated in a concurrent way on an Institutional Desktop Grid using more than 1000 machines. Analyzing the execution of 405 applications with 2110 tasks during 3 hours demonstrates the potential of BonjourGrid concept and shows that, comparing to a classical Desktop Grid, such as Condor, Boinc and XtremWeb-CH, with one central master, BonjourGrid gives an acceptable overhead.

1983 and all that

1983 was the year that World War III almost began, at least if you believed the film ‘War Games.’ Matthew Broderick, in one of his best roles, was a troublesome computer geek that brought the world to the brink of total meltdown. By connecting to the the US military's top-secret War Operations Plan Response (WOPR) system for evaluating what to do in the event of a Soviet attack, Broderick mistakenly starts playing ‘Global Thermonuclear War’ with the US military's computer system. 1983 saw the publication of Edward Feigenbaum and Pamela McCorduck's technological thriller ‘The Fifth Generation: Artificial Intelligence and Japan's Computer Challenge to the World,’ (Feigenbaum and McCorduck, 1983). Feigenbaum and McCorduck's book wasn't–or wasn't meant to be–fiction, but a serious discourse on the way that Japan's technological wizardry would change the world. But, like the cherry blossom, Japan's Computer Challenge wilted and fell away. Another dip into 1983 provides us with a breakthrough in the theory of engineering, a definition of what it means to engineer. GFC Rogers (Rogers, 1983) told us: ‘the practice of organising the design and construction of any artifice [the solution] which transforms the physical world around us to meet some recognised need.’ No surprises? Actually, that word ‘practice’ makes so much sense in a practical subject, and had been missed many times before. Rogers told us that engineering is practice. The connection? Well, at least in Knowledge Engineering circles, their description of Japan's contribution to artificial intelligence is not what Feigenbaum and McCorduck's book is most remembered for. No, their book contains the following definition of Knowledge Engineering: ‘an engineering discipline that involves integrating knowledge into computer systems in order to solve complex problems normally requiring a high level of human expertise.’ In scoping our subject as part of engineering, Feigenbaum and McCorduck have given a timeless definition. As we continue to learn about engineering, so we continue to learn about Knowledge Engineering; as we learn more about Knowledge Engineering, we contribute to the learning on engineering. From what is already a virtuous circle, Rogers' practice based definition of engineering allows us to keep reinventing our subject in an exponentially changing world: with the recognition of new needs and new physical contexts, knowledge engineers will practice beyond what has gone before. Knowledge Engineering is alive and well and living in the real world. 1983 brought Knowledge Engineering before a film-going public: that computers could - one day - make life and death decisions. Situated in the Cold War, as Broderick's game inched the world towards a cold and long winter, it heightened the importance of getting it right, as being fit-for-purpose in meeting our needs. Today, because of the work of knowledge engineers, computers do meet our complex real-world needs, with increasing scope and with increasing importance. Tomorrow, who knows where we will take Knowledge Engineering. All that is certain is that it will be an incredible journey. Our out-going Editor-in-Chief Lucia Rapanotti has served the Knowledge Engineering community for three years as Editor-in-Chief of this journal. During her time, she has been responsible for a great increase in the number of manuscripts submitted, an increase that has simultaneously improved the choice and quality of what is published. She has seen the Editorial Board grow, better to reflect the global interest in Knowledge Engineering. And last, but by no means least for the future, Lucia has overseen the transition to an on-line manuscript processing system. We are honoured that Lucia will continue to serve on the Editorial Board of Expert Systems: the Journal of Knowledge Engineering, from where she can continue to guide and advise. I am sure you will join with me in wishing Lucia all the best for her future.

Benzodiazepine prescription and length of hospital stay at a Japanese university hospital

BackgroundThe relationship between bed days and benzodiazepine prescription (BDZ) in Western countries is inconclusive, and no hospital-based report has documented this phenomenon in Japan. This study was done to assess the association between bed days and BDZ in a Japanese hospital.Methods21,489 adult patients (55.1% men, mean age 59.9 years old) hospitalized between April, 2005 and December, 2006 were enrolled in the study. Patient age, sex, ICD-10 diagnosis, prescription profile, and days of hospital stay were assessed in 13 non-psychiatric departments using a computer ordering system. Patients prescribed a benzodiazepine during hospitalization were defined as positive.ResultsOf the total sample, 19.9% were allocated to the benzodiazepine (+) group. Female sex and older age were significant factors associated with benzodiazepine prescription. The median number of bed days was 13, and the likelihood of BDZ significantly increased with the number of bed days, even after controlling for the effects of age, gender, and ICD-10 diagnosis. For example, when the analysis was limited to patients with 50 bed days or longer, the percentage of BDZ (32.7%) was equivalent to that of a report from France.ConclusionIrrespective of department or disease, patients prescribed benzodiazepine during their hospital stay tended to have a higher number of bed days in the hospital. The difference in the prevalence of BDZ between this study and previous Western studies might be attributed to the relatively short length of hospital stay in this study. Because BDZs are often reported to be prescribed to hospitalized patients without appropriate documentation for the indications for use, it is important to monitor the rational for prescriptions of benzodiazepine carefully, for both clinical and economical reasons.

Prescriptions of Benzodiazepines in a University Teaching Hospital : Patient-based Data Analysis Using a Computer Ordering System

Prescriptions of Benzodiazepines in a University Teaching Hospital : Patient-based Data Analysis Using a Computer Ordering System

The Long-Term Prescription of Benzodiazepines, Psychotropic Agents, to the Elderly at a University Hospital in Japan

Benzodiazepines are useful and effective psychotropic agents used worldwide. However, the long term use of the drugs can lead to serious adverse health effects such as psychomotor and cognitive impairment, especially in the elderly. In Japan, there are very few reports concerning long-term use of benzodiazepines, and no countermeasures have been instituted. Thus, this study assessed the characteristics of long-term prescription of benzodiazepines at a university hospital in Japan. A cross-sectional study using the database of a computer ordering system examined 4,239 adult outpatients who were prescribed benzodiazepines at a university teaching hospital between July 2002 and June 2003. The patients were divided into two groups: those with long-term (> or = 3 months) and short-term (< or = 2 months) prescriptions. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the effect of patient age on long-term benzodiazepine prescription. Adjusting for patient gender, pharmacological half-life of the drug, and department group, a logistic regression model showed that long-term benzodiazepine prescription occurred more frequently in older patients (p < 0.0001 in trend tests) and varied according to the physician's specialty (p < 0.0001). Benzodiazepines were more frequently prescribed for long term in the elderly by internal medicine group (p = 0.003). Of the patients older than 71 years (n = 1,105), 86% were assigned to the long-term group and were more likely to have been prescribed benzodiazepines by an internist than a surgeon (p < 0.0001). The appropriate prescription of benzodiazepines in the elderly should be included in the educational programs at teaching hospitals, and rational prescribing needs to be monitored carefully.

Prescriptions of Benzodiazepines at a Japanese Hospital : Prescription-based Data Analysis at Teikyo University Hospital Using a Computer-ordering System

Prescriptions of Benzodiazepines at a Japanese Hospital : Prescription-based Data Analysis at Teikyo University Hospital Using a Computer-ordering System

Regular Prescriptions for Benzodiazepines: A Cross-Sectional Study of Outpatients at a University Hospital

To investigate 1) the patterns of regular prescriptions for benzodiazepines among department clinics in a university teaching hospital, 2) the effects of patient's characteristics on regular benzodiazepine prescriptions, and 3) the patterns of benzodiazepine prescriptions among department clinics from the perspective of pharmacological half-life. Patients were 22,099 outpatients (51% female; mean age: 56 years) who were prescribed any drug three or more times. Cross-sectional study of patient-based data (July 2002 to August 2003) from the database of a computer ordering system at a university hospital. The patterns of regular prescriptions for benzodiazepines were compared among the clinical departments (i.e., Internal Medicine, Psychiatry, and Others). A logistic regression model was used to assess the effects of patient gender and age, and the clinic visited on the issuing of regular prescriptions for benzodiazepines. Regular benzodiazepine users were 3,204 (14.5%). Benzodiazepines were more likely to be prescribed for women (61.3%) than for men and were prescribed most often by psychiatrists (31.7%), followed by internists (20.1%). Multivairate logistic regression model showed that being female and elderly, and being prescribed by a psychiatrist were significantly associated with regular benzodiazepine prescriptions. With regard to the pharmacological half-life, internists were more likely to prescribe short half-life benzodiazepines than were psychiatrists (p < 0.001). A large number of outpatients at a Japanese university hospital appeared to be maintained on a regular supply of benzodiazepine drugs. Educational programs are needed to promote the rational prescribing of benzodiazepines.

Do Information Security Policies Reduce the Incidence of Security Breaches

Information is a critical corporate asset that has become increasingly vulnerable to attacks from viruses, hackers, criminals, and human error. Consequently, organizations are having to prioritize the security of their computer systems in order to ensure that their information assets retain their accuracy, confidentiality, and availability. While the importance of the information security policy (InSPy) in ensuring the security of information is acknowledged widely, to date there has been little empirical analysis of its impact or effectiveness in this role. To help fill this gap, an exploratory study was initiated that sought to investigate the relationship between the uptake and application of information security policies and the accompanying levels of security breaches. To this end, a questionnaire was designed, validated, and then targeted at IT managers within large organizations in the UK. The findings presented in this paper are somewhat surprising, as they show no statistically significant relationships between the adoption of information security policies and the incidence or severity of security breaches. The paper concludes by exploring the possible interpretations of this unexpected finding and its implications for the practice of information security management.

Scalable Visual Data Exploration of Large Data Sets via MultiResolution

During the last decade Visual Exploration and Visual Data Mining tech- niques have proven to be of high value in exploratory data analysis since they combine human visual perception and recognition capabilities with the enormous storage ca- pacity and the computational power of today's computer systems in order to detect patterns and trends in the data. But the ever increasing mass of information leads to new challenges on visualization techniques and concepts. Due to technological progress in computer power and storage capacity today's scientiflc and commercial applications are capable of generating, storing and processing massive amounts of data. Most exist- ing visualization metaphors and concepts do not scale well on such large data sets as interaction capabilities and visual representations sufier from the massive number of data points. To bridge this gap, Visual Analytics aim to incorporate more intelligent means than to just retrieve and display the data items to fllter the relevant from the non-relevant data. In this context the paper introduces a new approach based on a Multiresolution paradigm to increase the scalability of existing Visual data exploration techniques. The basic idea is to provide relevance driven compact representations of the underlying data set that present the data at difierent granularities. In the visualization step the available display space is then distributed according to the data granularity, to emphasize relevant information. The paper aims at introducing a technical base of Multiresolution visualization and provides an application example that shows the usefulness of the proposed approach.

Effectiveness of a computer ordering system as a tool to decrease the inappropriate use of stress ulcer prophylaxis

Effectiveness of a computer ordering system as a tool to decrease the inappropriate use of stress ulcer prophylaxis

Performance of a Computer System for Recording and Analysing Eye Gaze Position Using an Infrared Light Device

Our aim is to develop a computer system in order to study the visual scanning and eye fixation during exploration of image. The system uses an infrared device to detect the horizontal and vertical eye movements. In this paper, our interest is concentrated mainly on the calibration procedure. More precisely, on the correction of the nonlinearity in the oculomotor for individual subject's eyes. An adaptive calibration algorithm is developed. The algorithm uses a polynomial model and the optimal correction is obtained by using a mean square error criterion. The paper presents also a method to correct head movements. Experiments show that the proposed approach is fast and accurate for the study of visual perception and recognition processes.

Verification of Fault-Tolerant Embedded Computer Systems Using Higher-Level Simulation Model

This article describes a method that uses higher-level simulation model of embedded computer system in order to evaluate its specified fault-tolerant properties. The method was developed during the solution of the EU/IST project FIT - Fault Injection for Time Triggered Architecture (TTA). The TTA architecture uses TTP/C communication protocol to connect nodes of distributed computer system. A utilization of the described simulation method is demonstrated evaluating a time that needs TTP/C communication controller to recover from a short data-damaging transient fault.

Hypnotic prescriptions in a university hospital: Analysis of data from the computer-ordering system.

The computer-ordering system (COS) database was used to investigate hypnotic prescriptions issued to outpatients at various medical departments at the Dokkyo University School of Medicine. Hypnotics were prescribed for 3428 patients (1613 men, 1815 women), with a mean age of 56 years (range 8-91 years). The number of prescriptions was 3.5% of the total number of prescriptions (123 518). Although hypnotics were prescribed most often to patients in their 60s, generally, the incidence was higher for younger-aged patients. Physicians in all specialty areas tended to prescribe short-acting benzodiazepine hypnotics. The issuance of hypnotic prescriptions should be investigated to determine the prevalence of insomnia in various medical specialties.

ＴＤＭオーダリングシステムの概要と評価

We developed a computer ordering system for TDM in August 1998. This is a constituent of the total computer systems in our hospital, and comprises of two parts of practice, one part for the physician's ordering TDM and the role of pharmacist's in TDM. The system for pharmacists has predominantly five functions, including the check of objects to be examined, an acceptance of the objects, input of examined results, reference to the patient's TDM history, and dosage planning to be offered to physicians. Most of the 28 pharmacists contacted by questionnaire in our hospital pharmacy considered this system to be useful for improving the performance of TDM treatments, but found some incomplete information on patients, which was attributable to physician's incorrect ordering procedure in the database for dosage planning. This was due to the fact that physicians can easily input an order without accurate or the latest patient information. Therefore, the present ordering system for TDM was shown to still need improvement.