Computerized Analysis System Research Articles

Multiscale Time-Sharing Elastography Algorithms and Transfer Learning of Clinicopathological Features of Uterine Cervical Cancer for Medical Intelligent Computing System.

Intelligent medical diagnosis and computing system faces many challenges in complex object recognition, large-scale data imaging and real-time diagnosis, such as poor real-time computing, low efficiency of data storage and low recognition rate of lesions. In order to solve the above problems, this paper proposes a medical intelligent computing system and a series of algorithms for the clinical pathology of cervical cancer based on the multi-scale imaging and transfer learning framework. Firstly, based on data dimensions, imaging errors and other factors, this paper designs a multi-scale time-sharing elastic imaging algorithm based on image reconstruction time and data sample characteristics. Then, taking the burst imaging cohort and the calculation data set of new cervical cancer cases as the objects, based on the difficulties of cervical cancer feature modeling, this paper proposes the transfer learning algorithm of clinical and pathological features of cervical cancer. Finally, a medical intelligent computing system for cervical cancer pathology analysis and calculation with high efficiency and reliability is established. A series of proposed algorithms are compared with single-scale Retinex (SSR), which is based on single-scale Retinex migration learning (SSR-TL). The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm in cervical cancer pathological imaging and scoring, as well as the feature extraction and recognition of lesions, especially the efficiency of system execution, is obviously due to the comparison algorithm.

Approach to Improving the Automated System Computer Analysis of the Electrocardiogram

Purpose is to develop and test an approach to the improvement of automated electrocardiogram (ECG) computer analysis systems, which increases physician productivity. Materials and methods. The existing prototype of the ECG computer analysis system developed by the authors is used as materials. Dynamic time warping (DTW) method, as well as structural and object-oriented software development techniques were used. Results and discussion. The main idea of improving automated computer-assisted ECG analysis systems is to provide the doctor with convenient software tools that allow you to: set various templates for QRS complexes; select templates and automatically find QRS complexes in ECG that are most similar to the selected template. The main result of the work is an algorithm that allows to quantify the degree of similarity of a QRS complex isolated from an ECG and a given pattern. The algorithm is based on the DTW method. The proposed improvement was tested when modifying the existing ECG computer analysis system. As a result of the modification, convenient interactive tools were added to the system, which allow the doctor to navigate the QRS complexes while viewing the ECG, taking into account their degree of similarity to the selected template. This gave the doctor the opportunity to quickly assess the patient’s condition and make a conclusion. Conclusion. The proposed approach allows you to modify the automated computer-aided analysis of the ECG in order to increase the productivity of the doctor.

Accurate segmentation of overlapping cells in cervical cytology with deep convolutional neural networks

Accurate cell segmentation is essential for computer-aided diagnosis of cervical precancerous lesions in cytology images. Automated segmentation poses a great challenge due to the presence of fuzzy and overlapping cells, noisy background, and poor cytoplasmic contrast. Deep learning diagnosis technology has showed its advantages in segmenting complex medical images. We present a new framework based on deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) to automatically segment overlapping cells in digital cytology. A double-window based cellular detection method is derived to correctly localize individual cells, in which TernausNet is adopted to classify the image pixels into nucleus, cytoplasm, or background. A modified DeepLab V2 model is applied to perform cytoplasm segmentation. To provide more training samples, a synthesis method is utilized to generate cell masses containing touching or overlapping cells. The presented method was tested on three independent data cohorts, including two public datasets. We achieved improved performance in terms of dice coefficient (DSC), false negative and false positive rates, with up to 15% improvement in DSC, compared with the state-of-the-art approaches. The results indicated that the DCNN based segmentation method could be useful in an image-based computerized analysis system for early detection of cervical cancer.

On the prediction of foetal acidaemia: A spectral analysis-based approach

A computational analysis of physiological systems has been used to support the understanding of how these systems work, and in the case of foetal heart rate, many different approaches have been developed in the last decades.Our objective was to apply a new method of classification, which is based on spectral analysis, in foetal heart rate (FHR) traces to predict foetal acidosis diagnosed with umbilical arterial blood pH ≤ 7.05. Fast Fourier transform was applied to a real database for the classification approach. To evaluate the models, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used.Sensitivity equal to 1, specificity equal to 0.85 and an area under the ROC curve of 0.94 were found. In addition, when the definition of metabolic acidosis of umbilical arterial blood pH ≤ 7.05 and base excess ≤ −10 mmol/L was used, the proposed methodology obtained sensitivity = 1, specificity = 0.97 and area under the ROC curve = 0.98. The proposed methodology relies exclusively on the spectral frequency decomposition of the FHR signal. After further successful validation in more datasets, this approach can be incorporated easily in clinical practice due to its simple implementation. Likewise, the incorporation of this novel technique in an intrapartum monitoring station should be straightforward, thus enabling the assistance of labour professionals in the anticipated detection of acidaemia.

CO Oxidation over Ce1–xPdxO2−δ Takes Place via Vacancy Hopping

Mechanism of CO oxidation over ceria-based catalysts has been widely accepted to follow Mars–van Krevelen (MvK) mechanism involving the lattice oxygen exchange. Adsorption of CO over the metallic sites, lattice oxygen exchange, and replenishment of the support by stream oxygen are considered to be the surface processes taking place during the MvK mechanism. This study reveals an alternative MvK-type mechanism for the reaction taking place over metal ion substituted ceria-based reduced catalysts involving hopping of vacancies. The mechanism was proposed on the basis of adsorption energetics of CO and O2, probed with the help of density functional theory calculations. The computational analysis of different molecular systems (CeO2, CeO2−δ, and Ce1–xPdxO2−δ) under study showed that adsorption of O2 takes place over the reduced catalyst and nonsequential adsorption of CO and O2 takes place over Ce1–xPdxO2−δ in contrast to sequential adsorption of O2 followed by CO over CeO2−δ. Differences in the elementary surface processes in the proposed mechanism with the established MvK mechanism are highlighted with the major observation being the differences in the lattice oxygen abstraction and vacancy hopping observed with newly proposed alternative MvK mechanism.

Biocompatibility and osteogenic potential of the new bioceramic endodontic material “EndoSeal MTA”

Aim: This study was conducted to analyze the biocompatibility of EndoSeal MTA® in rat subcutaneous tissue and to detect the osteogenic effect of this material. Methods: The biocompatibility was assessed using the subcutaneous implantation technique. Thirty male albino rats were the subjects used during current research. Animal subjects were anaesthetized, shaved in two areas of the dorsal surface of both of the lower limbs and subcutaneous pockets were made to accommodate the material, which was placed in a polyethylene tubes. Empty polyethylene tubes were used as control. Fifteen animals were sacrificed at each observation period (1 month and 3 months implantation). A wide excision of the tissues surrounding the implant was taken, managed and histo-stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin stain for histopathological evaluation of the inflammatory and vascular responses. The Von Kossa histochemical stain was used for demonstration of the mineralized structures. The stained sections were examined using light microscopy. Quantitative analysis of the inflammatory cells was performed using an image analyzer computer system. Results: After one month of tube implantation, mild chronic inflammatory cell infiltration, loosely organized collagen fibers and few slightly dilated blood vessels were observed in the control group. In the experimental group, the inflammatory reaction ranged from mild to moderate. The inflammatory reaction significantly subsided with time in both groups. The difference between the control and experimental group regarding the total number of inflammatory cells was not statistically significant in the both observation periods. No evidence of tissue necrosis was found in the control or experimental groups throughout the experiment. Conclusions: It could be concluded that EndoSeal MTA® is well tolerated by the subcutaneous connective tissues of rat. The study showed osteogenic potential of EndoSeal MTA®.

Behavioural Approach to Network Anomaly Detection for Resource-Constrained System – Presentation of the Novel Solution – Preliminary Study

In this paper some preliminary results of network anomaly detection for resource-constrained systems have been presented. All described algorithms are embedded into a three-tier system application. The presented solution is a response to nowadays trends in computer/network security domain that indicate gradual shifting from signature-based anomaly detection typically based on some selected statistical measures toward systems that are based on behavioural analysis of computer systems and/or networks. The presented system requirements, explain relevant terminology as well as we include some selected results and their analysis. The solution is potentially destined for very resource-constrained systems (IoT specifically), all tests were carried out in an example network to additionally analyse their effect of the presented approach on the computer resources.

AHP-based Approach for Evaluating Ergonomic Criteria

Abstract The critical analysis of computer systems involves the notions of ergonomics, heuristic inspection has long been considered part of the evaluation phase or the design process of the computer system. This evaluation is based on ergonomic criteria and represents the major ergonomic dimensions according to which an interface can be evaluated or specified, and several investigations have been conducted on the comprehensibility and evolution of these evaluation criteria. The aim of this work is to present an overview of the ergonomic inspection criteria approaches, and to apply the AHP multicriteria prioritization method, for the selection and prioritization of these criteria.

Rotation versus non-rotation of intraocular lens for prevention of posterior capsular opacification.

Purpose:To study the effect of rotation of intraocular lens (IOL) on posterior capsular opacification (PCO) in eyes with phacoemulsification.Methods:This was a prospective, comparative, randomized case series. One eye of each patient was randomized to one of two groups. The 360-degree rotation of IOL was carried out after its placement in the capsular bag (rotation group). The control group had no rotation of IOL. PCO was analyzed by an independent observer on EPCO computer analysis system at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months.Results:The study included 50 patients (100 eyes) with senile cataracts scheduled for phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. The median age in 2 groups was 66 years. 25% quartile age in both the group was 62 years (P = 0.06). There were 30 males, and 20 females. The median PCO score at 6, 12 and 24 months was significantly low in the rotation group (0.15, 0.13, 0.22) compared to the control group (0.22, 0.23, 0.25). There was no significant difference in PCO score between the two groups from 24-36 months. The median PCO score at 36 months was 0.2 in both the groups. At the end of three years, 4 eyes (8%) in the rotation group, and 10 eyes (20%) in the control group needed Nd:YAG capsulotomy (P = 0.04).Conclusion:Rotation of IOL in the capsular bag decreases PCO and Nd:YAG capsulotomy rate.

Use of a Mechanical Circulatory Support Simulation to Study Pump Interactions With the Variable Hemodynamic Environment.

The Virtual Mock Loop, a versatile virtual mock circulation loop, was developed using a lumped-parameter model of the mechanically assisted human circulatory system. Inputs allow specification of a variety of continuous-flow pumps (left, right, or biventricular assist devices) and a total artificial heart that can self-regulate between left and right pump outputs. Hemodynamic inputs were simplified using a disease-based input panel, allowing selection of a combination of cardiovascular disease states, including systolic and diastolic heart failure, stenosis, and/or regurgitation in each of the four valves, and high to low systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance values. The menu-driven output includes a summary of hemodynamic parameters and graphical output of selected flows, pressures, and volumes in the heart's four chambers as well as in the pulmonary artery and aorta. New tools to augment experimental research on implantable heart-assist devices and to increase our understanding of patient-specific pump interactions are in high demand. The purpose of this ongoing study is to demonstrate the use of a system analysis computer simulation to explore and better comprehend the interactions of mechanical circulatory support pumps with a more extensive combination of patient-specific or simulation conditions than can be established by practical experimentation. Usability is an important factor in constructing computer models for research purposes, and among our primary objectives in creating this simulation model were to make it as portable and useful as possible outside the lab environment, by people not involved in the creation of its operational software.

Numerical model of EOS with large-area plasma cathode with mesh stabilization of the emission plasma boundary

The source of electrons that generates a beam of a large cross section (BLCS) with the beam release into the atmosphere through a thin metal foil has been developed in the IHCE SB RAS. The electronic BLCS in this case is a superposition of elementary beams formed by separate emission structures. Their plasma boundary is stabilized by a fine-grained metal mesh, covered by a mask with round holes. The configuration of holes repeats the configuration of the holes in the support grid of the outlet foil window having a slightly larger diameter. In preliminary experiments, the maximum current-to-atmosphere output coefficient reached ∼70% of the current in the accelerating gap. The objective of this paper is to select a numerical model of the electron-optical system (EOS) for computer simulation and analysis of the characteristics of the formed elementary beams for further optimization of the source and increase the efficiency of beam extraction into the atmosphere.

APEM — Approximate Performance Evaluation for Multi-Core Computers

Mean Value Analysis (MVA) has long been a standard approach for performance analysis of computer systems. While the exact load-dependent MVA algorithm is an efficient technique for computer system performance modeling, it fails to address multi-core computer systems with Dynamic Frequency Scaling (DFS). In addition, the load-dependent MVA algorithm suffers from numerical difficulties under heavy load conditions. The goal of our paper is to find an efficient and robust method which is easy to use in practice and is also accurate for performance prediction for multi-core platforms. The proposed method, called Approximate Performance Evaluation for Multi-core computers (APEM), uses a flow-equivalent performance model designed specifically to address multi-core computer systems and identify the influence on the CPU demand of the effect of DFS. We adopt an approximation technique to estimate resource demands to parametrize MVA algorithms. To validate the application of our method, we investigate three case studies with extended TPC-W benchmark kits, showing that our method achieves better accuracy compared with other commonly used MVA algorithms. We compare the three different performance models, and we also extend our approach to multi-class models.

Prevention of oral carcinogenesis in rats by Dracaena cinnabari resin extracts.

In vivo study was performed to determine the chemopreventive efficacy of the DC resin methanol extract on a 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) oral cancer animal model. This study involves administration of 4NQO solution for 8weeks alone (cancer induction) or with Dracaena cinnabari (DC) extract at 100, 500, and 1000mg/kg. DC extract administration started 1week before exposure until 1week after the carcinogen exposure was stopped. All rats were sacrificed after 22weeks, and histological analysis was performed to assess any incidence of pathological changes. Immunohistochemical expressions of selected tumor marker antibodies were analyzed using an image analyzer computer system, and the expression of selected genes involved in apoptosis and proliferative mechanism related to oral cancer were evaluated using RT2-PCR. The incidence of OSCC decreased with the administration of DC extract at 100, 500, and 1000mg/kg compared to the induced cancer group. The developed tumor was also observed to be smaller when compared to the induced cancer group. The DC 1000mg/kg group inhibits the expression of Cyclin D1, Ki-67, Bcl-2, and p53 proteins. It was observed that DC 1000mg/kg induced apoptosis by upregulation of Bax and Casp3 genes and downregulation of Tp53, Bcl-2, Cox-2, Cyclin D1, and EGFR genes when compared to the induced cancer group. The data indicated that systemic administration of the DC resin methanol extract has anticarcinogenic potency on oral carcinogenesis. Chemoprevention with DC resin methanol extract may significantly reduce morbidity and possibly mortality from OSCC.

Feature Extraction of Chest X-ray Images and Analysis using PCA and kPCA

<p class="abstract">Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium which can be diagnosed by its various symptoms like fever, cough, etc. Tuberculosis can also be analyzed by understanding the chest x-ray of the patient which is revealed by an expert physician .The chest x-ray image contains many features which cannot be directly used by any computer system for analyzing the disease. Features of chest x-ray images must be understood and extracted, so that it can be processed to a form to be fed to any computer system for disease analysis. This paper presents feature extraction of chest x-ray image which can be used as an input for any data mining algorithm for TB disease analysis. So texture and shape based features are extracted from x-ray image using image processing concepts. The features extracted are analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and kernel principal component analysis (kPCA) techniques. Filter and wrapper feature selection method using linear regression model were applied on these techniques. The performance of PCA and kPCA are analyzed and found that the accuracy of PCA using wrapper approach is 96.07% when compared to the accuracy of kPCA which is 62.50%. PCA performs well than kPCA with a good accuracy.</p>

Performance evaluation of automated brain tumor detection systems with expert delineations and interobserver variability analysis in diseased patients on magnetic resonance imaging

ABSTRACTIntervention by human expert has turned out to be essential for computerized analysis systems desiring to be approved by medical regulatory bodies. Further, to validate the performance of automated diagnosis systems, interobserver variability analysis is critically important. The purpose of this article is twofold: (i) firstly to perform interobserver variability analysis of two experienced Radiologists interpreting lesion boundary in brain magnetic resonance images; (ii) secondly, to evaluate the performance of recently proposed automated lesion segmentation model with that of the two experienced Radiologists who performed manual delineations of lesion boundary. Experiments were conducted on the database consisting of 80 real-time brain images with glioma tumor acquired using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Extensive statistical analysis such as the two tailed T-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, Mann-Whitney U test, regression and correlation tests, etc. are performed to compare the lesions detected manually by experts and that by the automated method. Furthermore, three quantitative measures namely, dice similarity index, Jaccard coefficient, and Hausdorff distance are used to evaluate the automated lesion detection method. The experimental results show that the lesion boundaries detected by the automated method are very close to the manual delineations provided by the expert Radiologists. It is concluded that the automated systems for brain lesion detection can be utilized as a part of routine clinical practice to help the medical professionals in determining the exact location and area of lesions in brain MRI images.

Cross-platform metabolic profiling deciphering the potential targets of Shenfu injection against acute viral myocarditis in mice

Acute viral myocarditis (AVMC) is typically caused by cardiotropic viral infection. There is a paucity of specific treatment options available with proven efficacy. Chinese patented pharmaceutical product Shenfu injection (SFI) has potent efficacy on treating AVMC in clinical practice. However, the molecular mechanism is still unknown. We employed cross-platform metabolomics combined with computational systems analysis, based on reversed-phase liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (RPLC-MS), hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), to deciphering the targeted metabolic pathways of SFI against AVMC induced by coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) technique was further applied to determining the expressions of the key genes associated with the SFI-targeted metabolic pathways. We have identified 48 significantly changed metabolites related to CVB3-induced AVMC, and SFI can significantly regulate the abnormalities of 33 metabolites and 9 relevant enzymes. Combined metabolic pathway enrichment and topology analyses revealed that the mechanisms of SFI against CVB3-induced AVMC may be attributed to modulating the disordered homeostasis of sphingolipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, and TCA cycle. It provides new experimental information on the pathogenesis of AVMC, unravels the potential targeted metabolic pathways of SFI against AVMC on the whole metabolic network and highlights the importance of metabolomics combined with computational systems analysis as a potential tool for deciphering drug-targeted metabolic pathways.

A Nonequilibrium Molecular Dynamics Study of Infrared Perturbed Electron Transfer.

Infrared (IR) excitation is known to change electron-transfer kinetics in molecules. We use nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEqMD) simulations to explore the molecular underpinnings of how vibrational excitation may influence nonadiabatic electron-transfer. NEqMD combines classical molecular dynamics simulations with nonequilibrium semiclassical initial conditions to simulate the dynamics of vibrationally excited molecules. We combine NEqMD with electronic structure computations to probe IR effects on electron transfer rates in two molecular species, dimethylaniline-guanosine-cytidine-anthracene (DMA-GC-Anth) and 4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)phenyl-2,6,7-triazabicyclo[2.2.2]octatriene-10-cyanoanthracen-9-yl (PP-BCN-CA). In DMA-GC-Anth, the simulations find that IR excitation of the NH2 scissoring motion and the subsequent intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution (IVR) do not significantly alter the mean-squared donor-acceptor (DA) coupling interaction. This finding is consistent with earlier computational analysis of static systems. In PP-BCN-CA, IR excitation of the bridging C═N bond changes the bridge-mediated coupling for charge separation and recombination by ∼30-40%. The methods described here enable detailed explorations of how IR excitation may perturb charge-transfer processes at the molecular scale.

Structural reliability analysis of steel plane frames with semi-rigid connections

Abstract The design codes for structural design traditionally establish the adoption of partial safety factors to deal with uncertainties. These standards do not allow one to know the real probabilities of failure of a structure. What is needed, from a practical and scientific point of view, is a more consistent approach, based on reliability theory. This article addresses an initial attempt at determining the safety levels of structures based on advanced analysis and design with structural reliability theory. In this context, the authors consider the effects of the geometric nonlinearity and flexibility of connections in the reliability analysis, which aims at setting a certain displacement as the service limit state. For this purpose, a computer program was written called Structural Reliability Module. This program uses a First Order Reliability Method to analyse reliability. To carry out the structural analysis of steel structures, this study uses the program Computational System for Advanced Structural Analysis. Validating the Structural Reliability Module involved comparing the results from other authors with those generated by the program. Results for the structures under study indicate the efficiency of the implemented measures. Results suggest that, when a certain displacement is set as a service limit state, the reliability of the structures under analysis are only slightly influenced by geometric nonlinearity but considerably so by semi-rigid connections.

COMPARISON BETWEEN A CONSTRUCTED ARDUINO BASED SYSTEM AND KEITHLEY SOURCEMETER 2400 ON SOME ELECTRONICS DEVICES

In this paper, a portable and cost effective arduino based system has been developed which measures the properties of the Device Under Test (DUT) by passing sweeping voltage across its terminals while measuring the corresponding current flowing through it. The system generates current-voltage data of the DUT and sends to a computer system for analysis. Also a comparison between the constructed arduino based system and Keithley SourceMeter 2400 on a resistor, Light Emitting Diode and BC548 transistor is presented. The constructed arduino based system effectively measures the ohmic value of the resistor, threshold voltage of the Light Emitting Diode, and the BC548 transistor’s threshold voltage with great accuracy. Keywords: Arduino, Sweeping Voltage, Device Under Test, Current-Voltage Data

Probability and statistics with reliability, queueing, and computer science applications (trivedi, k.s.) [book review

Engineers, computer scientists, and networking engineers require robust techniques and methods to analyze algorithms, computer systems, protocol behavior, routing algorithms, and congestion in networks. A perfect source of the related information is provided with this second edition of a classic book. As we have not commented on this book before in our magazine, we fill this gap now, taking the opportunity of the situation that Wiley decided to publish the paperback version. The book provides a comprehensive introduction to probability, stochastic processes and statistics, and illustrates how these concepts can be applied in analysis, modeling, and evaluation of the reliability and performance of computer and communication systems. This is a very useful book for students, as well as reliability and computer science engineering professionals. It is focused on the performance, dependability and performability analysis of computer systems. The main strength of this book is the vast number of examples and exercises, which serve to illustrate the complex theoretical concepts and help the reader to a better understanding of the important topics. I highly recommend this book for academic use as a textbook and for researchers and professionals as a useful reference.