Computer Science Disciplines Research Articles

Quantum evolutionary algorithm with rotational gate and $$H_\epsilon $$-gate updating in real and integer domains for optimization

Attempts to find new advanced methods for optimization and decision-making problems in controlling real tasks have become today’s trend in mathematics, mechanics, and computer science and many other disciplines. Meta-heuristics approaches provide powerful means to find an algorithm based on nature or physical laws and phenomena such as Newtonian laws in collision (CBO), and space laws and parallel verses (MVO) and many other laws. The recently developed approach by Han and Kim (IEEE Trans. Evolut. Comput. 6(6):580–593, 2002) is based on quantum mechanics laws. A quantum evolutionary algorithm (QEA) uses Q-bit individuals in binary code analogous to genes in the conventional genetic algorithm. In different stages of iterations, the Q-bit solutions are updated using the prominent quantum gate rotational gate and $$H_\epsilon $$ -gate. This paper is devoted to the assessment of the QEA using some well-known optimization problems. QEA has excellent features such as practical exploration and exploitation of domain space due to utilizing a binary approach for generation of the solutions and rotational gate updating based on the probability of 0 or 1. Here, $$H_\epsilon $$ -gate and parallel phase are used to change the path of finding the optimal solution for escaping from local optima.

About relevance of fundamentalisation of mathematical training of students of the pedagogical directions during the digital era

Introduction. The era of post-industrial society of knowledge differs from the previous socio-economic period in many important aspects: total digitalisation, automation and robotisation, and furthermore, cross-disciplinary integration of various scientific fields, among which mathematics is of particular relevance. Over the last decades, the language, tools and methods of the digital era have emerged as the basic universal research tools in physics, biology, chemistry, and engineering, organisation of production and in many other theoretical and applied spheres of activity. Against the background of progressively advanced mathematisation, which covers larger functional intellectual space, it is extremely important to provide the fundamental, advancing nature of mathematical training of students, including in the first place the students of the pedagogical directions. The graduates of pedagogical higher education institutions will have not only to convey certain academic educational information, but to coordinate educational trajectories according to a training maxim in their lifetime that is hardly possible without understanding of basic mathematics.The aim of the present publication is to discuss methodological, culturological and didactic aspects of mathematical training of students of the pedagogical directions.Methodology and research methods. In the course of the work, the authors used the provisions and requirements of the new Federal State Educational Standards (FSES). The psychological and pedagogical framework of the research is based on the concepts of developing learning and upbringing, vocational and pedagogical orientation of training of future teachers and the idea of lifelong education. The analytical review and synthesis of the content of philosophical, mathematical, pedagogical, methodological literature and normative documents was conducted. The state of mathematical components of pedagogical education and its ways of fundamentalisation were considered according to the theory of training, comparative, culturological and system-based types of analysis.Results and scientific novelty. The authors note the imbalance between the fundamental mathematical preparation, which is relevant for a modern person, and the competency-based approach, which currently dominates in education and constraints to students’ holistic understanding of mathematical area of knowledge, even within the boundaries of a particular discipline. The situation is exacerbated by an avalanche distribution of information technologies. One of the negative consequences of this situation is replacement of meaningful learning of mathematics with “coaching” of school students and university students for formal test performance. To address these challenges, culturological educational models, which form common cultural ideas of modern mathematics according to the principle of a cultural conformity, have to be the predominant in education, but not competency-based attitudes focused on narrow specialisation. Mathematical modelling, discrete mathematics and computation processes are identified as the most significant components of a new stage of universal mathematical culture evolution. As a result of a digital era, general-education concepts have already become the key concepts of various sections of mathematics, therefore, it is necessary to start a general introduction to the study of these concepts at the stages of school education.It is highlighted that fundamentalisation of mathematical preparation plays the leading role in the development of logical and professional innovative thinking of students through the understanding of multifunctional structures and schemes (as means and knowledge methods) similar to mathematical structures and schemes. It is appropriately useful to include special courses into a variable part of the master’s programmes (according to education directions), implying students’ research activities: “Mathematical Modelling in Professional Education”, “Bases of Modern Mathematical Culture”, “Discrete Mathematics”, “Mathematical Bases of the System Analysis”, etc.The authors are convinced that the introduction of the concept of mathematical preparation, based on the culturological and system-based approaches, will help to resolve an apparent contradiction between, on the one hand, the necessary integration and fundamentalisation of knowledge acquired by students, and, on the other hand, the disciplinary dissociations of educational material, shortcomings of competency-based training and formal use of information technologies.Practical significance. The materials of the publication can be useful for future and practicing teachers of mathematics, computer science and related academic disciplines. Moreover, the present publication can be used by education professionals interested in improving the education quality.

A survey of symbiotic organisms search algorithms and applications

Nature-inspired algorithms take inspiration from living things and imitate their behaviours to accomplish robust systems in engineering and computer science discipline. Symbiotic organisms search (SOS) algorithm is a recent metaheuristic algorithm inspired by symbiotic interaction between organisms in an ecosystem. Organisms develop symbiotic relationships such as mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism for their survival in ecosystem. SOS was introduced to solve continuous benchmark and engineering problems. The SOS has been shown to be robust and has faster convergence speed when compared with genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, differential evolution, and artificial bee colony which are the traditional metaheuristic algorithms. The interests of researchers in using SOS for handling optimization problems are increasing day by day, due to its successful application in solving optimization problems in science and engineering fields. Therefore, this paper presents a comprehensive survey of SOS advances and its applications, and this will be of benefit to the researchers engaged in the study of SOS algorithm.

Machine behaviour.

Machines powered by artificial intelligence increasingly mediate our social, cultural, economic and political interactions. Understanding the behaviour of artificial intelligence systems is essential to our ability to control their actions, reap their benefitsand minimize their harms. Here we argue that this necessitates a broad scientific research agenda to study machine behaviour that incorporatesand expands upon the discipline of computer science and includes insights from across the sciences. We first outline a set of questions that are fundamental to this emerging field and then explore the technical, legal and institutional constraints onthe study of machine behaviour.

A Systematic Review Exploring the Differences in Reported Data for Pre-College Educational Activities for Computer Science, Engineering, and Other STEM Disciplines

There has been considerable investment in pre-college educational interventions for all areas of STEM (including computer science). The goal of many of these initiatives is to engage and interest students early in their educational career. In this study, a systematic literature review was undertaken to determine the demographic and program data collected and reported for the field of computing education and for other STEM disciplines for activities that were not designed as part of the formal in-class curriculum (e.g., outreach activities). A comparison-contrast analysis of the resulting 342 articles found similarities and key differences in the reporting of this data as well as overarching characteristics of missing or incomplete reporting across disciplines. Authors from both fields reported equally well in the four categories studied: information about evaluation, participant gender, participant race and/or ethnicity, and activity demographics. However, the computing education articles were more likely to have clearly stated research questions and comparative analysis based on demographic characteristics. They were less likely to include the number of participants in the study, participant age/grade level, socioeconomic status, disability information, location of intervention, and instructor demographics. Through this analysis, it was determined that reporting can be improved across all disciplines to improve the quantity of data needed to replicate studies and to provide complete data sets that provide for the comparison of collected data.

Features of training 3d computer modeling and visualization of future teachers of informatics

The cognitive, developing, illustrative potential of three-dimensional computer graphics actualizes the training of future teachers in its technologies. The future teacher of computer science should be able to develop three-dimensional models and animations of the studied objects (phenomena and processes) in computer science, physics, mathematics and other academic disciplines, create copyright electronic educational resources with three-dimensional illustrations, apply augmented reality and 3D printing in professional activities.The article describes the features of teaching three-dimensional computer modeling and visualization of future informatics teachers, identified on the basis of an analysis of the training system for students studying in specialty 1–02 05 02 Physics and Informatics at the Maxim Tank Belarusian State Pedagogical University.The main directions for improving the learning process of three-dimensional computer graphics of future informatics teachers are indicated. Questions on three-dimensional computer modeling and visualization will pass through the content line through the content of six academic disciplines («Computer graphics and multimedia», «Computational methods and computer modeling», «Programming Technologies and Algorithmization Methods», «Information Technologies in Education», «Methods teaching informatics» and «Architecture and software of computer systems»). This will ensure consistency in the introduction and study of concepts, the choice of forms and methods of teaching, the development of teaching and methodical support. For the implementation of interdisciplinarity, it is proposed to carry out practice-oriented interdisciplinary educational projects in the framework of the study of academic disciplines in three subject areas «Computer Science», «Physics» and «Mathematics». The development of a methodical system of interdisciplinary education will ensure the formation of readiness to teach three-dimensional graphics at the stage of general secondary education and to realize its didactic possibilities in organizing educational and research activities of students.

Computer Science Education in Early Childhood: The Case of ScratchJr

Aim/Purpose: This paper aims to explore whether having state Computer Science standards in place will increase young children’s exposure to coding and powerful ideas from computer science in the early years. Background: Computer science education in the K-2 educational segment is receiving a growing amount of attention as national and state educational frameworks are emerging. By focusing on the app ScratchJr, the most popular free introductory block-based programming language for early childhood, this paper explores if there is a relationship between the presence of state frameworks and ScratchJr’s frequency of use. Methodology: This paper analyzes quantitative non-identifying data from Google Analytics on users of the ScratchJr programming app. Google Analytics is a free tool that allows access to user activity as it happens in real time on the app, as well as audience demographics and behavior. An analysis of trends by state, time of year, type of in-app activities completed, and more are analyzed with a specific focus on comparing states with K-12 Computer Science in place versus those without. Contribution: Results demonstrate the importance of having state standards in place to increase young children’s exposure to coding and powerful ideas from computer science in the early years. Moreover, we see preliminary evidence that states with Computer Science standards in place support skills like perseverance and debugging through ScratchJr. Findings: Findings show that in the case of ScratchJr, app usage decreases during the summer months and on weekends, which may indicate that coding with ScratchJr is more often happening in school than at home. Results also show that states with Computer Science standards have more ScratchJr users on average and have more total sessions with the app on average. Results also show preliminary evidence that states with Computer Science standards in place have longer average session duration as well as a higher average number of users returning to edit an existing project. Recommendations for Practitioners: Successful early childhood computer science education programs must teach powerful ideas from the discipline of computer science in a developmentally appropriate way, provide means for self-expression, prompt debugging and problem solving, and offer a low-floor/high-ceiling interface for both novices and experts. Practitioners should be aware in drops in computer science learning during the summer months when school is not in session. Recommendation for Researchers: Researchers should consider the impact of state and national frameworks on computer science learning and skills mastered during the early childhood years. Researchers should look for ways to continue engaging students in computer science education during times when school is not in session. Impact on Society: Results demonstrate the importance of having state CS standards in place to increase young children’s exposure to coding and powerful ideas from computer science in the early years. Moreover, we see preliminary evidence that states with Computer Science standards in place support skills like perseverance and debugging through ScratchJr. Future Research: Future research should continue collecting Google Analytics from the ScratchJr app and track changes in usage. Future research should also collect analytics from a wide range of programming applications for young children to see if the trends identified here are consistent across different apps.

Comparison of the Theory of Mind Tests on the Paper, 2D Touch Screen and Augmented Reality Environments on the Students With Neurodevelopmental Disorders

The study is a vital instance to merge the psychology and the computer science disciplines to provide benefits about the developments of the theory of mind (ToM) skills of and interaction with for the students with neurodevelopmental disorders (SWND). In this research, a traditional two-dimensional (2D) method (paper), a 2D display touch screen and the three-dimensional (3D) [augmented reality (AR)] visual displays based on the computer are constructed for the SWND to do the ToM test questions. In this work, The Little Prince story written by Antoine de Saint-Exupery is adapted to the ToM test questions to measure the SWND's ToM abilities. In this novel approach, three environments: a traditional 2D method (paper), the 2D display touch screen, and the AR visual display environments are experienced by the SWND. The experimental results are compared according to SWND's ToM success ratios, their ToM perspective skills', their satisfaction on these different test environments. This research suggests the novel approach to measure the ToM abilities of the SWND with human-computer interaction aspect. This article displays the positive effects of the 2D display touch screen and the AR usage on the Tom Test for the SWND.

Development of a Modular Unit of a Higher Level Framework or Tool for Basic Programming Course Teaching Through E-Learning Mode

This paper reports about the development of a modular unit of a higher level framework or tool whose intended objective is the creation of animated lessons for basic programming (CS1) course in computer science discipline with visual aids. The goal of such lessons is to address the difficulties faced by the novice programmers in CS1 course.This module here after referred to as ‘type writer’allows instructors to render programmes or code snippets in a live typing manner as opposed to their sudden or en-block placement on the presentation area like a Power Point Slide; a commonly used approach in the present day eLearning.This project is planned to be executed in two stages and ‘type writer’ is the outcome of the first stage. This would be combined with another two modules that are planned to be developed in the second stage, to make the complete tool. The entire tool would be developed in Action Script 3.0 language that works on Adobe Flash Platform.

Next Generation Reservoir Engineering

We present a fundamental physics based understanding of the chemical, mechanical, thermal and hydrological processes and their interactions that operate over long-time scales to form and characterise the porosity/fracture networks in conventional and unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. We apply that understanding to engineer that structure for the purpose of energy extraction and resource discovery. The interdisciplinary approach links geoscience, engineering and computational science disciplines with the result of providing a step change in exploration and exploitation technologies with significant reduction in onshore gas development costs without compromising OHSE or environmental protection and assurance. In this presentation, we will show the first results that allow incorporation of important processes in Unconventional Plays. Surprisingly, diagenetic processes such as the smectite-illite transition are found to create natural fractures under tectonic load that form the permeable reservoirs in Shale Gas/Oil Reservoirs. Results indicate that the fractures triggered by natural fluid release reaction on geological time scales are supported by a critical fluid pressure that must not be crossed to avoid sudden loss of the reservoir. Upon crossing this threshold reservoir damage can be substantial. No amount of proppant or other engineering interaction can rescue the reservoir on a human time-scale. Our novel framework allows to link the long-time scale geological processes with the design of an injection-extraction protocol to maintain critical fluid pressure. We are also able to incorporate micro-structural changes and fluid-solid interaction at grain scale. The latter has only been benchmarked for conventional carbonate plays, but the Multiscale results are encouraging for the entire spectrum of conventional and unconventional traps/source rocks. Our theoretical framework and the forward simulator is specifically designed to interface with geophysical inversion techniques for multi-scale geophysical data. Completing this data-assimilation step in the future will define Next Generation Reservoir Engineering.

LBtrans-Bot: A Latin-to-Balinese Script Transliteration Robotic System based on Noto Sans Balinese Font

Balinese script writing, as one of Balinese cultural richness, is going to extinct because of its decreasing use. This research is one of the ways to preserve Balinese script writing using technological approach. Through collaboration between Computer Science and Balinese Language discipline, this research focused on the development of a Latin-to-Balinese script transliteration robotic system that was called LBtrans-Bot. LBtrans-Bot can be used as a learning system to give the transliteration knowledge as one aspect of Balinese script writing. In this research area, LBtrans-Bot was known as the first system that utilize Noto Sans Balinese font and was developed based on the identified seventeen kinds of special word. LBtrans-Bot consists of the transliterator web application, the transceiver console application, and the robotic arm with its GUI controller application. The transliterator used the Model-View-Controller architectural pattern, where each of them was implemented by using MySQL database (as the repository for the words belong to the seventeen kinds of special word), HTML, PHP, CSS, and Bootstrap (mostly for the User Interface responsive design), and JavaScript (mostly for the transliteration algorithm and as the controller between the Model and the View). <em>Dictionary</em> data structure was used in the transliterator memory as a place to hold data (words) from the Model. The transceiver used batch script and AutoIt script to receive and trasmit data from the transliterator to the GUI controller, which control the Balinese script writing of the robotic arm. The robotic arm with its GUI controller used open-source mDrawBot Arduino Robot Building platform. Through the experiment, LBtrans-Bot has been able to write the 34-pixel font size of the Noto Sans Balinese font from HTML 5 canvas that has been setup with additional 10-pixel length of the width and the height of the Balinese script writing area. Its transliterator gave the accuracy result up to 91% (138 of 151) testing cases of The Balinese Alphabet writing rules and examples document by Sudewa. This transliterator result outperformed the best result of the known existing transliterator based on Bali Simbar font, i.e. Transliterasi Aksara Bali, that only has accuracy up to 68% (103 of 151) cases of the same testing document. In the future work, LBtrans-Bot could be improved by: 1) Accommodating more complex Balinese script with trade off to the limited writing area of robotic system; 2) Enhancing its transliterator to accommodating the rules and/or examples from the testing document that recently cannot be handled or gave incorrect transliteration result; enriching the database consists of words belong to the seventeen kinds of special word; and implementing semantic relation transliteration.

Deep feature extraction and its application for hailstorm detection in a large collection of radar images

With the improvement of sensing and storing technologies, a large amount of weather data become available, and the data size will continue growing as radar imaging instruments continuously acquire data. In this work, we develop a deep convolutional neural network with a large collection of radar images as input to train and validate a classification model, and then we use the model to detect hailstorm events. This is interdisciplinary work between the disciplines of computer science and meteorology. We are primarily interested in what hailstorm features the network learns and how it learns as convolving into deeper iterations. The evaluation results show a high classification accuracy in comparison with existing hailstorm detection approaches. The proposed approach can also be used to detect other types of severe weather events with minimal efforts on variable or parameter changes.

A conceptual framework for designing smart learning environments

The paper deals with the design of Smart Learning Environments (SLEs). Over and above that, it’s about the interconnection between SLEs and the internet of things. With the question of how an interdisciplinary approach can contribute to the design of SLEs together with the disciplines of education, computer science and architecture the study empirically applies data collected in 2016. The empirical research was initiated by consolidating the findings from transdisciplinary analyses of the literature in a hypothetical model for designing SLEs. This model pooled success factors from different spheres of influence and served as a tool for empirical research. A triangulation was used for facilitating a model-validation in the context of 7 expert interviews, 7 questionnaires as well as a workshop with training experts. The data analysis resulted in the development of a holistic, socio-technical framework.

Towards computational reproducibility: researcher perspectives on the use and sharing of software.

Research software, which includes both source code and executables used as part of the research process, presents a significant challenge for efforts aimed at ensuring reproducibility. In order to inform such efforts, we conducted a survey to better understand the characteristics of research software as well as how it is created, used, and shared by researchers. Based on the responses of 215 participants, representing a range of research disciplines, we found that researchers create, use, and share software in a wide variety of forms for a wide variety of purposes, including data collection, data analysis, data visualization, data cleaning and organization, and automation. More participants indicated that they use open source software than commercial software. While a relatively small number of programming languages (e.g., Python, R, JavaScript, C++, MATLAB) are used by a large number, there is a long tail of languages used by relatively few. Between-group comparisons revealed that significantly more participants from computer science write source code and create executables than participants from other disciplines. Differences between researchers from computer science and other disciplines related to the knowledge of best practices of software creation and sharing were not statistically significant. While many participants indicated that they draw a distinction between the sharing and preservation of software, related practices and perceptions were often not aligned with those of the broader scholarly communications community.

What is Biomedical Data Science and Do We Need an Annual Review of It?

We are pleased to bring you the first volume of the Annual Review of Biomedical Data Science. It spans a range of biological and medical research challenges that are data intensive and focused on the creation of novel methodologies to advance biomedical science discovery. The term “data science” describes expertise associated with taking (usually large) data sets and annotating, cleaning, organizing, storing, and analyzing them for the purposes of extracting knowledge. It merges the disciplines of statistics, computer science, and computational engineering. Many are irritated by the term—all of science depends ultimately on data, and many of the activities listed above sound like engineering (which is about solving problems) and not science (which is about discovery of new knowledge). If “data science” is not about science and the adjective “data” has no particular meaning, why does this term exist?

Generating Correlation Matrices With Specified Eigenvalues Using the Method of Alternating Projections

ABSTRACTThis article describes a new algorithm for generating correlation matrices with specified eigenvalues. The algorithm uses the method of alternating projections (MAP) that was first described by Neumann. The MAP algorithm for generating correlation matrices is both easy to understand and to program in higher-level computer languages, making this method accessible to applied researchers with no formal training in advanced mathematics. Simulations indicate that the new algorithm has excellent convergence properties. Correlation matrices with specified eigenvalues can be profitably used in Monte Carlo research in statistics, psychometrics, computer science, and related disciplines. To encourage such use, R code (R Core Team) for implementing the algorithm is provided in the supplementary material.

Integrating a Profile of Frontal Face With Its Mirror Image for Facial Reconstruction.

Face recognition plays an important role in the field of biometrics, bioinformatics, and forensic identification. Human faces appear bilaterally symmetric. However, asymmetry is a norm in the human body and careful morphological and metric examination of the human face gives an exact idea of the asymmetry present in the face of an individual. Most of the studies on asymmetry of human face have been carried out with regard to evaluation of expressions in psychology, anthropology, and biometrics. In this preliminary study, an idea of the human face symmetry has been used for complete facial reconstruction. Sometimes, in the CCTV cameras and other surveillance systems, the complete face is not visible, but only a half of the frontal face is detectable. In all such cases, the mirror image of the face can be used to reconstruct the complete face of the person in question for representation-based face recognition. In previous studies related to forensic identification and in the discipline of computer science, mirror images have only been used to overcome and deal with the problem of nonsufficient training sample and have not been used for the reconstruction of the full facial profile. In this article, we present a computerized methodology to generate the mirror image from one frontal half of the face (either left or right) and merging the both (input image and generated mirror image) halves to create the full face. The program was designed using METLAB computer program. This procedure is very simple, less time-consuming, and computationally efficient. The results have been presented with regard to generate a complete face in those cases where only one frontal profile, that is, left or right sides of the face is available for examination. The scenario is commonly seen in those cases also where shadow almost hides one half of the face. The proposed methodology would also be useful for improving other facial reconstruction and recognition methods in forensic identification and in other medical fields such as plastic surgery, where creating full face still poses a technical challenge to a plastic surgeon. Some challenges, limitations, and future perspectives of the method have also been discussed in the article.

Latin-to-Balinese Script Transliteration Method on Mobile Application: A Comparison

Balinese script writing, as one of Balinese cultural richness, is going to extinct because of its decreasing use. This research is a way to preserve it through collaboration between Computer Science and Language discipline, that focused on accuracy comparison of Latin-to-Balinese script transliteration method on mobile application as a ubiquitous learning media. From few research in this area, there are only two existing methods to be compared, i.e. each on Android mobile application that were called Belajar Aksara Bali (BAB), and Transliterasi Aksara Bali (TAB). The comparison was based on The Balinese Alphabet writing rules and examples document by Sudewa. Through the experiment, TAB has outperformed BAB since TAB has passed over 68% (103 of 151) cases, while BAB has passed over only 39% (59 of 151) cases. This research contributes on a comprehensive accuracy comparison analysis of Latin-to-Balinese script transliteration method, specifically on mobile application, since there is no such study. This research also contributes on those methods improvement possibility. In the future, this research can be used as a reference for improvement of any Latin-to-Balinese script transliteration method by taking care on thirteen kind of special words that were found during this comparison study.

Modeling Scientific Influence for Research Trending Topic Prediction

With the growing volume of publications in the Computer Science (CS) discipline, tracking the research evolution and predicting the future research trending topics are of great importance for researchers to keep up with the rapid progress of research. Within a research area, there are many top conferences that publish the latest research results. These conferences mutually influence each other and jointly promote the development of the research area. To predict the trending topics of mutually influenced conferences, we propose a correlated neural influence model, which has the ability to capture the sequential properties of research evolution in each individual conference and discover the dependencies among different conferences simultaneously. The experiments conducted on a scientific dataset including conferences in artificial intelligence and data mining show that our model consistently outperforms the other state-of-the-art methods. We also demonstrate the interpretability and predictability of the proposed model by providing its answers to two questions of concern, i.e., what the next rising trending topics are and for each conference who the most influential peer is.

Topic Selection of Final Year Project for Computer Science Programme

Final Year Project(FYP) is an essential component in various programmes of college education. Topic selection for Final Year Project is one of the most important factors which have significant impacts on student training. In this paper, we discuss topic selection of Final Year Project in the discipline of computer science and computer software. We provide several typical topics in which an application software is designed and developed which make use of knowledges in image processing, computer graphics and data visualization. Software developing toolkits employed in these projects are discussed. The main points of these projects are explained in details and results are shown by pictures as well.