Programming Skills Research Articles

Patients' experiences of cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A systematic review and thematic synthesis.

To obtain a deeper understanding of peoples' experiences of cancer treatments with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). ICIs are transforming survival outcomes for many with certain advanced cancers. Given the possibility of unique immune-related adverse events (irAEs), understanding treatment experiences is crucial to identify support needs and provide safe and effective person-centred care. A systematic review of qualitative research and thematic synthesis. To report this review, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Analysis and Meta Analysis (PRISMA) checklist and Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research (ENTREQ) guidance have been used. MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Web of Science databases were searched in January 2022 for eligible studies published in English from database inception. Two reviewers independently screened records, identified papers for inclusion and appraised methodological quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist. Themes were developed using thematic synthesis. Eighteen papers were included and three analytical themes developed: immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment decision-making; the experience and impact of immune checkpoint inhibitor treatments; and appraising and responding to irAEs. The synthesis renders visible individuals' unmet information, psychological and practical support needs. It identifies shortcomings in immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment decision-making processes and highlights the need for healthcare professionals to recognise and sensitively handle individuals' treatment expectations. Individuals' understandings of and responses to irAEs are also illustrated, and attention drawn to patients' concerns about healthcare professionals' checkpoint inhibitor and irAEs knowledge. To sensitively manage treatment expectations and uncertainties, and optimise health outcomes, there are distinct points in treatment trajectories where care and support might require adapting and enhancing. This review addresses people's experiences of immune checkpoint inhibitor treatments. The core findings reveal unmet information, psychological and practical support needs. Insights derived from this review will enhance individuals' experiences and outcomes and healthcare professionals' practice. No patient or public involvement.

DataXflow: Synergizing data-driven modeling with best parameter fit and optimal control – An efficient data analysis for cancer research

Building data-driven models is an effective strategy for information extraction from empirical data. Adapting model parameters specifically to data with a best fitting approach encodes the relevant information into a mathematical model. Subsequently, an optimal control framework extracts the most efficient targets to steer the model into desired changes via external stimuli. The DataXflow software framework integrates three software pipelines, D2D for model fitting, a framework solving optimal control problems including external stimuli and JimenaE providing graphical user interfaces to employ the other frameworks lowering the barriers for the need of programming skills, and simultaneously automating reoccurring modeling tasks. Such tasks include equation generation from a graph and script generation allowing also to approach systems with many agents, like complex gene regulatory networks. A desired state of the model is defined, and therapeutic interventions are modeled as external stimuli. The optimal control framework purposefully exploits the model-encoded information by providing those external stimuli that effect the desired changes most efficiently. The implementation of DataXflow is available under https://github.com/MarvelousHopefull/DataXflow.We showcase its application by detecting specific drug targets for a therapy of lung cancer from measurement data to lower proliferation and increase apoptosis. By an iterative modeling process refining the topology of the model, the regulatory network of the tumor is generated from the data. An application of the optimal control framework in our example reveals the inhibition of AURKA and the activation of CDH1 as the most efficient drug target combination. DataXflow paves the way to an agile interplay between data generation and its analysis potentially accelerating cancer research by an efficient drug target identification, even in complex networks.

Validating Tools to Measure Life Skills Among Adolescents in India

Life skill education is critical for developing various competencies among the adolescent population, especially in India, given the recent shift in policy focus. This article examines the reliability, factor structure, and the validity of scales measuring gender attitudes, perceived self-efficacy, resilience, and problem-solving developed to assess the effectiveness of a life skill program among Indian adolescents. Baseline data, before a life skill intervention program by Magic Bus India Foundation, were collected from over 16000 Indian adolescents between 11 and 15 years on different measures. Results from principal component analyses with promax rotation indicated a one-factor solution for all the scales. Further, confirmatory factor analyses indicated an excellent model fit using the diagonally weighted least squares method of estimation for the above-mentioned scales. The models for each scale were gender invariant, indicating that gender attitudes, perceived self-efficacy, resilience, and problem solving were assessed similarly between boys and girls. Additionally, correlation analysis indicated a positive relationship between gender attitudes and self-efficacy, a negative relation between gender attitudes and resilience, and a negative association between self-efficacy and resilience. Implications are discussed.

Drivers of inappropriate use of antimicrobials in South Asia: A systematic review of qualitative literature.

Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health crisis. Effective antimicrobial stewardship requires an understanding of the factors and context that contribute to inappropriate use of antimicrobials. The goal of this qualitative systematic review was to synthesize themes across levels of the social ecological framework that drive inappropriate use of antimicrobials in South Asia. In September 2023, we conducted a systematic search using the electronic databases PubMed and Embase. Search terms, identified a priori, were related to research methods, topic, and geographic location. We identified 165 articles from the initial search and 8 upon reference review (n = 173); after removing duplicates and preprints (n = 12) and excluding those that did not meet eligibility criteria (n = 115), 46 articles were included in the review. We assessed methodological quality using the qualitative Critical Appraisal Skills Program checklist. The studies represented 6 countries in South Asia, and included data from patients, health care providers, community members, and policy makers. For each manuscript, we wrote a summary memo to extract the factors that impede antimicrobial stewardship. We coded memos using NVivo software; codes were organized by levels of the social ecological framework. Barriers were identified at multiple levels including the patient (self-treatment with antimicrobials; perceived value of antimicrobials), the provider (antimicrobials as a universal therapy; gaps in knowledge and skills; financial or reputational incentives), the clinical setting (lack of resources; poor regulation of the facility), the community (access to formal health care; informal drug vendors; social norms), and policy (absence of a regulatory framework; poor implementation of existing policies). This study is the first to succinctly identify a range of norms, behaviors, and policy contexts driving inappropriate use of antimicrobials in South Asia, emphasizing the importance of working across multiple sectors to design and implement approaches specific to the region.

The Ability of Students in the Hospitality Accommodation Program at Vocational High School to Write Paragraphs Wsing English Terms in the Food and Beverage Service Subject

Purpose of the study: This research aims to determine the ability of class XI students of Vocational High School 4 in Jambi City hotel accommodation skills program in writing paragraphs using English terms contained in the Food and Beverage Service subject.
 Methodology: The population in this study were class XI students of the Hospitality Accommodation Skills Program at Vocational High School 4 in Jambi City, a sample of 34 class X1 students in hotel accommodation 2 as respondents. The data collection technique uses the test method. The data obtained were analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis formulas with mean, median, mode.
 Main Findings: The results showed that the majority of students demonstrated adequate abilities in expressing ideas and concepts related to food and beverage service in English. However, there are still some students who face difficulties in applying competence and appropriate grammar in this specific context. Therefore, there is a need for a more focused and interactive learning approach to improve students' writing skills in this subject.
 Novelty/Originality of this study: The research makes a significant contribution to the understanding of the challenges and potential in English language learning in the hospitality sector. It is hoped that the results of this research will not only provide a deeper understanding of students' abilities in using English, but also highlight effective learning strategies in improving students' language skills in contexts relevant to the hospitality industry.

School Principal Management In Improving Teacher Competency Vocational School In Jambi Province

This research aims to look at the phenomenon of school principal management in improving teachers' pedagogical and professional competence. Principal management includes planning, implementation, supporting and inhibiting factors and evaluation carried out by the principal. This research uses a qualitative phenomenology approach which was carried out at State Vocational High Schools in Jambi Province. Data collection techniques include interviews, observation and documentation. The research was carried out at SMK Negeri 4 Sarolangun, SMK Negeri 4 Jambi City and SMK Negeri 4 Tanjung Jabung Timur. Research subjects included school principals, deputy principals, heads of skills programs, teachers and school staff. Research results: (1) principal planning in the form of teacher needs analysis, in house training, teacher internship program, bringing in guest teachers, upskilling and reskilling programs, (2) implementation includes: learning planning, application of learning methods, classroom management, professional development , collaboration with colleagues, curriculum understanding, use of educational technology, teacher skills development, educational research and measurement and evaluation. (3) The supporting factors are: leadership commitment, teacher empowerment, providing space for teachers to develop initiatives. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors are budget limitations, resistance to change, unavailability of human resources, teachers' insufficient ICT capabilities and lack of support from related parties. (4) Evaluations carried out by school principals include teacher performance assessments, evaluation discussions with teachers, training and professional development. Based on the research findings, it was concluded that management was carried out directly by the school principal in improving the competency of State Vocational School teachers in Jambi Province. Recommendations were submitted to the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture, the Jambi Provincial Education Office and the Industrial and Business World to develop teacher competencies in accordance with industry needs.

Towards Educational Excellence: Utilizing Education Hotels as an Innovative Learning Base for Hospitality Accommodation Program Students

Purpose of the study: The aim of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of using the Education Hotel as a base for innovative learning for students of the hotel accommodation program at public vocational secondary schools 4 Jambi City.
 Methodology: The type of research used in this research is naturalistic qualitative. The sample for this research was 30 students of the hospitality accommodation skills program at public vocational secondary schools 4 Jambi City. The data collection technique used is observation. The data analysis technique in this research will be carried out holistically and structured, in accordance with a naturalistic qualitative approach.
 Main Findings: The use of Edotel at public vocational secondary schools 4 Yogyakarta by students of the hotel accommodation program based on the Front Office sector is included in the high category. Meanwhile, the use of Edotel at public vocational secondary schools 4 Jambi City by students of the hotel accommodation program based on Housekeeping is in the low category..
 Novelty/Originality of this study: This research presents a new concept by introducing an innovative approach using Hotel Education as the main learning platform for Hospitality Accommodation Program students.

Comparative analysis of US and European preschool social and emotional learning programs

Social-emotional skills are crucial for preschool children’s mental health and later school success. Most school-based SEL programs originate in the United States, reflecting a robust interest in SEL curricula from preschool through secondary school. While EU Member States are increasingly integrating social and emotional skills programs into school curricula, there is a lack of uniform terminologies, frameworks, and assessment criteria, necessitating the introduction of standardized practices. This study aims to offer an overview of US and European preschool SEL programs, utilizing content analysis to showcase the diversity of these programs. The analysis focuses on programs from the “EU-Self Programs for Social and Emotional Skills Development for Early and Preschool Children Applied in European Countries" by Koltcheva et al. (2022), including impact evaluations of nine programs in total. The study analysed the programs in relation to goals and outcomes, and findings reveal that there are no remarkable differences between US and European preschool SEL programs, although certain trends highlight distinctions among programs of different origins. The study will be useful for practitioners who are interested in introducing a preschool SEL program in their institution.

Barriers and enablers to a healthy lifestyle in people with infertility: a mixed-methods systematic review

While there is a recognised role of optimising lifestyle behaviours such as diet and physical activity in the management of infertility, the best practice for lifestyle management of infertility remains unknown, and factors influencing the lifestyle behaviours of people with infertility are not well understood. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the barriers and enablers to a healthy lifestyle in people with infertility, from the perspectives of people with infertility and health professionals, in order to inform optimal behavioural change strategies for lifestyle management of infertility. Ovid MEDLINE(R), PsycINFO, EMBASE, EBM Reviews, and CINAHL Plus were searched from inception to 12th September 2022. Eligible studies were qualitative, quantitative or mixed-methods primary studies which explored barriers and/or enablers to lifestyle for infertility management, from the perspectives of people with infertility and/or health professionals. Two independent reviewers performed quality assessment, using the Centre for Evidence-Based Management Critical Appraisal of a Survey Tool (quantitative and mixed-methods studies) and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative Checklist (qualitative and mixed-methods studies). Data were analysed by inductive thematic analysis with themes mapped to the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behaviour (COM-B) model(1) and Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF)(2). Relevant behaviour change techniques (BCTs)(3) to target the identified enablers and barriers were suggested. After screening 10703 citations and 82 full-texts, 22 studies were included (12 quantitative, 7 mixed-methods and 3 qualitative) with 18 studies including women with infertility (n = 2442), 10 including men with infertility (n = 1372) and 6 including health professionals (n = 261). From the perspectives of people with infertility, themes related to capability (e.g. strategies for behaviour change), opportunity (e.g. limited time, resources and money) and motivation (e.g. interplay between lifestyle and emotional state); themes mapped to 8 TDF domains. From the perspectives of health professionals, themes related to capability (e.g. identification of patients appropriate for lifestyle intervention), opportunity (e.g. mode of delivery) and motivation (e.g. professional responsibility); themes mapped to 6 TDF domains. 34 BCTs were identified across the suggested interventions. This systematic review found that several interacting factors influence lifestyle in people with infertility as well as health professional behaviour with regards to provision of lifestyle interventions for infertility. These factors can be targeted for optimisation of interventions. In light of the limited number of qualitative studies, there is a need for more qualitative research to gain deeper insights into the perspectives of people with infertility and health professionals for further exploration of the complex and interacting factors which shape lifestyle during the fertility journey.

Pelatihan Pembuatan Toko Online dengan Google Sites

The marketing skills program covers the important topics of Digital Business. This program can be a great choice for individuals who want to build a successful career in today's industrial world, whether working for someone else, starting their own business, or pursuing further education that matches their interests. In addition, the course equips graduates with the necessary skills to pursue careers in various digital fields such as digital entrepreneurship, content writing, social media management, digital marketing, merchan, online customer service and purchasing. This will create an interactive and challenging learning environment that motivates students to participate actively and provides space for creativity, independence according to their talents, interests and psychology. Creating an online store can be done using various applications such as Blogs, e-commerce platforms or special websites built with google sites. As part of community service activities, students at SMK Wisata Indonesia Jakarta will receive comprehensive training in creating an online store using Google Sites. Google Sites is a service provided by Google that allows users to create websites without the need for coding skills or advanced web design. Google Sites is designed to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide variety of users. In conclusion, it is worth considering that creating an online store with Google Sites as a form of community service can foster entrepreneurial attitudes and improve digital business skills. Although the participants may require further development, especially in website development, it is important to note that this is just one aspect of building a successful website.

New Graduate Nurses' Experiences by Generation in South Korea: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis.

As the nursing organization environment evolves into one in which several generations work together, there are concerns about generational differences leading to conflicts. A synthesis of qualitative studies was used to gain insight into the experiences and perceptions of new nurses working in South Korean hospitals and identify generational differences between nurses of Generations X and Y. Eight databases were searched systematically for qualitative studies published up to June 2020. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Checklist for Qualitative Research was used to evaluate the quality of the retrieved studies, and the data were synthesized thematically using the Thomas and Harden method. Of the 2,482 studies retrieved, 19 were included in this meta-synthesis. The experience of new nurses were presented in the three analytical themes of work experience, interpersonal relationships, and adaptation, from which eight descriptive themes were derived: (a) dissatisfied with own work performance, (b) negative feedback on work outcomes, (c) irregular daily life, (d) colleagues who help adapt to work life or make work life harder, (e) feelings of sympathy toward peers, (f) disrespectful patients or caregivers, (g) effective reactions, and (h) ineffective reactions. Although the new nurses from Generations X and Y reported similar experiences during their first year of nursing, differences were found in their values and tendencies regarding work and interpersonal relationships. Compared with new Generation X nurses, new Generation Y nurses placed more value on the meaning of individual work contributions, intimacy with colleagues, and appropriate feedback. The findings of this study support nursing administrators implementing strategies that both acknowledge and reduce the impact of generational category on nursing teams. Furthermore, emphasizing communication and acknowledging ongoing change as generations progress may strengthen bonds that lead nurses to value each other and their work.

Roles, Responsibilities, and Functions of Village Health, Sanitation, and Nutrition Committees in India: A Qualitative Evidence Synthesis.

National Health Mission instituted the Village Health, Sanitation, and Nutrition Committees (VHSNCs) in 2005, with an aim of ensuring health and well-being for local communities in India. There is a lack of concrete evidence on the functioning of VHSNCs at a national level. Thus, this study was undertaken to outline the roles, responsibilities, and functions of VHSNCs in India. We conducted a comprehensive data search in Medline, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, EMBASE, and Google Scholar between 2005 and August 2021. All peer-reviewed qualitative studies that reported the roles, responsibilities, functions, and good practices of VHSNCs from India were included in our review. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist was used to assess the quality of individual studies. In total, we included 15 studies (including 1100+ VHSNCs) from various states of India. Our review highlighted that the majority of the VHSNCs functioned without a clear-cut definition of roles and responsibilities had irregular meetings and workforce shortage. There was a lack of inclusivity, accountability, and delay in the processing of untied funds. The included studies have showed that VHSNCs were involved health promotional activities such as formulation and implementation of village health plans, delivery of services through public distribution systems, ensuring safe drinking water and sanitary supervision, and identification and referral of malnourished children. Our review highlights the crucial role that VHSNCs play in improving the health outcomes of rural populations and underscores the need for continued support and capacity-building efforts to ensure their effectiveness.

What are the effects of smoke-free and tobacco-free university campus policies, and how can they be assessed? A systematic review

ObjectiveThis article looks at the evaluation of smoke-free (SF) and tobacco-free (TF) university campus policies that ban smoking (and often vaping) both indoors and outdoors. To assess the effectiveness of these policies, we performed a systematic literature review to answer the following questions: what is the effect of SF/TF policies on campus users’ behaviors/norms/perceptions around smoking? Are the SF/TF policies an effective measure for reducing smoking among young adults? What methods and indicators can we use to assess the impact of SF/TF campus policies? What is the theoretical model underpinning the influence of SF/TF policies on the behavior of campus users? MethodsThree databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched over the period from January 2005 to December 2022. The article selection process included 54 articles published in scientific journals that analyzed the post-implementation impact of SF/TF campus policies. The quality of these articles was analyzed using six ad hoc indicators based on the Critical Appraisal Skills Program checklist and Joanna Briggs Institute scoping tools. ResultsMost of the research on SF/TF campus policies has been conducted in the United States using quantitative methodologies. Most of these studies show that SF/TF policies reduce positive beliefs about smoking and its acceptability, influence smoking behavior (reducing smoking initiation and increasing the number of quits and quit attempts), and reduce exposure to passive smoking and pollution from cigarette butts. User acceptability of SF/TF policies is generally high. Limitations of SF/TF campus policies include difficulty for smokers to comply with them, persistence of passive smoking around campuses, and limited uptake of on-campus cessation support services provided to smokers. DiscussionThe various mediating and moderating variables identified in the literature have made it possible to propose a model of the potential influence of SF/TF policy on campus users, based on the theory of planned behavior. Based on this review, we provide health professionals and higher education institutions wishing to implement a SF/TF campus policy with a set of indicators that can serve to assess the impact of a SF/TF campus policy (attitudes, acceptability, beliefs, norms, exposure to passive smoking and pollution, changes in smoking behavior). ConclusionBased on scientific evidence, the implementation of SF/TF campus policies in France is an important measure to help combat smoking in young adults.

Stroke Recurrence Rate and Risk Factors Among Stroke Survivors in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review.

Evidence supporting secondary stroke in sub-Saharan Africa is scarce. This study describes the incidence of stroke recurrence and associated risk factors in sub-Saharan Africa. Scientific databases were systematically searched from January 2000 to December 2022 for population-based observational studies, case-control or cohort studies of recurrent stroke involving adults aged 18 years and above in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We assessed the quality of the eligible studies using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) checklist for observational studies. Six studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this study.Stroke recurrence rates in SSA ranged from 9.4% to 25%. Majority of the studies were conducted from Western Africa and showed that stroke recurrence rates are high within sub-Saharan Africa ranging from 2% to 25%. The known stroke risk factors such as hypertension, chronic alcohol consumption, etc., remained the leading causes of stroke recurrence. The studies reported a higher mortality rate ranging from 20.5 -23% among those with recurrent strokes compared to primary strokes. This systematic review is an update and summary of the available literature on stroke recurrence within sub-Saharan Africa. Further studies are warranted to assess the outcomes and burden of stroke recurrence in SSA.

Factors Influencing Weight Management in Pregnant Women with Overweight or Obesity: A Meta-Synthesis of Qualitative Studies

BackgroundOverweight and obesity have multiple negative consequences for the health of both the mother and the child. Interventions to prevent excessive weight gain during pregnancy have had varying success, and the proportion of pregnant women who exceed national guidelines for weight gain continues to increase. ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of factors on weight management among pregnant women with overweight or obesity. MethodsThis meta-synthesis of qualitative studies involved searching databases PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science. The databases were searched on October 4, 2022, and the search was updated on April 21, 2023. The screening of titles, abstracts, and full texts was conducted utilizing Covidence software. The quality assessment of the articles was performed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist. The Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research statement was used to enhance transparency in reporting. A meta-aggregation approach was used to guide the data extraction and synthesis. ResultsA total of 46 studies with appropriate Critical Appraisal Skills Programme scores were included for qualitative synthesis. Findings were extracted and integrated into 4 themes: psychological factors (personally driven negative emotions and society-driven negative emotions), social factors (societal attitudes and beliefs and social support resources), factors related to education and counseling (information provision and communication), and factors associated with effective care (provided care components and the method of providing effective care). ConclusionsTo improve weight management during pregnancy, health care providers should provide tailored and individualized recommendations that take into consideration the factors influencing these women.

How psychological factors influence hosts to participate in the accommodation sharing economy: A systematic review

This research study investigated the impact of psychological factors on hosts within the accommodation sharing economy. Specifically, the study aimed to explore how psychological factors motivate individuals to become hosts and actively engage in this sector. Through a systematic review, the paper identified relevant articles in electronic databases such as Web of Science, Science Direct, EBSCOhost, and Scopus from 2000 to 2023, following the PICo model (Population, Interest, Context) to determine the review question. From an initial pool of 555 records, a comprehensive screening for eligibility resulted in the inclusion of three studies for this systematic review. The research applied rigorous reference control and evaluated the quality of included studies using the CASP tool (Critical Appraisal Skills Program). Among the three studies meeting the review criteria, socialization emerged as the primary research focus. Drawing on self-determination theory, the research demonstrates that social interaction and the formation of friendships between hosts and guests positively impact individuals' decisions to become hosts. Furthermore, aspects such as personal development, social interaction with guests, and a sense of achievement contribute to sustained participation. The study underscores the correlation between emotional stress and guest reviews, emphasizing hosts' motivation to enhance services. Additionally, the research identifies emotional and social loneliness as obstacles to host participation in the sharing economy, highlighting the crucial role of social interactions in alleviating loneliness for both hosts and guests.

Pro-Coder: A Visual Coding Platform with Gif’s Interaction

This innovative project introduces an online platform designed to elevate practical programming skills through meticulously curated challenges across diverse programming languages. Participants engage in mini-projects that replicate real-world scenarios, enabling them to construct a tangible portfolio essential for bolstering their resumes. With challenges tailored to accommodate individuals of all skill levels, the platform fosters continuous growth and improvement. More than just honing technical proficiency, it emphasizes critical thinking, problem-solving, and creativity, essential traits in the programming landscape. The resulting portfolio serves as a compelling asset during job interviews, effectively bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and its real-world application. By addressing the increasing demand for practical coding skills, this initiative empowers users to excel in a competitive job market and thrive in various industries. Through hands-on experience and iterative learning, individuals gain the confidence and expertise needed to navigate complex coding challenges and make meaningful contributions to the ever-evolving field of technology.

Agreement Analysis on Postoperative Care Between ChatGPT and a High-Volume Foot and Ankle Surgeon

Introduction/Purpose: ChatGPT is an Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm based on a user-friendly interface that does not requires advanced programming skills. Since its release to the public, it has made AI more accessible. As a result, the Patient refers to chat GTP for medical inquiries. This study compares the postoperative (PO) information provided by chatGPT to those of a high- volume foot and ankle orthopedics surgeon. Methods: The study includes 251 patients treated for end-stage osteoarthritis with total ankle arthroplasty. Postoperative emails containing inquiries about their PO status were uploaded to chatGTP. We then evaluated the agreement in simple (SA) and complex (CA) answers. The SA abbreviated the answer provided into "yes" or "no" Its agreement analysis was made using Cohens Kappa. In contrast, CA contained detailed information, and answers were classified into complete agreement, partial agreement, or complete disagreement. Additionally, in partial agreement answers, we calculated the percentage of agreement. Finally, we measured the cases where the surgeon added additional information unrelated to the inquiry. Results: There was only a slight agreement in the SA category (K=0.08). In the CA category, we found 27 percent of complete agreement; in 52 percent, we found complete disagreement; in 20 percent, we found only partial agreement. In 50 % of the cases, the surgeon added information unrelated to the question. Conclusion: We found limited agreement between chat GPT and the primary surgeon regarding postoperative information. Indicating that chat, GPT is currently an unreliable source for postoperative management. Table 2 Distribution of agreement percentage between a High-volume foot and ankle surgeon and ChatGPT response to postoperative inquiries from patients with total ankle arthroplasty in those with partial agreement

A Pilot Study in Southern Region Primary School: Are Design and Technology Teachers Ready to Teach Programming?

This is a pilot study on the teachers’ competency in teaching programming education in primary schools. In response to the growing demand for professionals in the field of computer science, many countries have started to promote programming to young students. Malaysian education also in line with this change. Programming education in primary schools can be highly beneficial for kids as it can develop their logical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving skills.The implementation of an effective programming education needs teachers with good competency. The aspect of competence intended in this study refers to 3 elementsin KSA Model which consist of knowledge, skills, and attitude. A quantitative survey was employed to explore the competency of primary school Design and Technology (D&T) teachers in programming. The data was gathered through Google Form online survey. The survey was announced through programming workshop called “Scratch for All” held in Universiti Teknikal Malaysia (UTeM), Melaka. The teachers involved are from 46 schools across three southern Malaysian states, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, and Johor. As the purpose of this pilot study is to verify the items in questionnaire, the result obtained showed that the items for programming knowledge among D&T teachers had a reliability index of = 0.903, the programming skills items were at = 0.945, and the items measuring teachers' attitudes towards programming were at = 0.933. All the result showed a good determining factor for the planned study. As conclusion, all items in sections (b), (c), and (d) can be used in the planned study to identify the competency of D&T teachers regarding the teaching of programming in primary schools.

창업의도를 넘어 사업화로 가는길

This study investigates the challenges hindering student entrepreneurs from commercializing their ventures despite having entrepreneurial intentions, and it explores the role of marketing capabilities in overcoming these obstacles. We observed 145 students at University A, which offers a semester-long intensive entrepreneurship course, across three instances to examine their entrepreneurial intentions, marketing competencies, and the journey to business startup post-course. The findings reveal that strong entrepreneurial intentions do not directly lead to business commercialization through business registration. Instead, there is a significant positive correlation between entrepreneurial intentions and marketing capabilities related to understanding markets and customers. Moreover, both general and specialized marketing competencies play a crucial mediating role in bridging entrepreneurial intentions and he actual commercialization of businesses. This research highlights the gap between the intention to start a business and actual startup activities among student entrepreneurs, underscoring the need for educational content and methodologies that bolster marketing skills in university entrepreneurship programs. The study suggests that while it is vital to enhance customer-oriented skills based on fundamental marketing principles, developing specialized abilities to analyze markets and competitors and leveraging these insights in the entrepreneurial process is equally important. The implications of this study point towards the integration of practice-oriented marketing projects and curricula that go beyond basic customer analysis, offering a comprehensive approach to entrepreneurship education.