Structural Analysis Program Research Articles

Structural behavior of ferrocement beams with circular openings

The construction sector is a major contributor to resource consumption and waste generation. Therefore, developing more efficient and sustainable materials and infrastructure is a top priority for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. This research aims to contribute to this effort by studying the behavior of ferrocement beams with circular openings, with the goal of understanding their behavior under various loads and determining their potential use in designing more resilient and sustainable structures. Fifteen beams with different reinforcement mesh types were subjected to experimental testing under four-point loading, one group serves as the control with conventional reinforcement, while others vary in mesh type and opening configurations. All beams maintained approximately close reinforcement ratios, employing either two layers of welded galvanized steel mesh or a single layer of expanded steel mesh. Using numerical models, all fifteen beams were analyzed with the structural analysis program ANSYS V. 15 to study their non-linear shear behaviors and compare them with experimental data, focusing on load-deflection curves and failure modes. Results show that beams reinforced with expanded steel mesh achieved higher ultimate loads than those with welded mesh, with increases up to 81.59% depending on the opening configuration. However, beams with openings generally exhibited reduced ultimate loads, averaging 26.85% for welded mesh and 32.13% for expanded mesh, compared to beams without openings. Vertical openings, particularly with multiple openings, resulted in significant load decreases.

Implementation of Gaussian quadrature in Python program for grillages with curved elements

This paper demonstrates the development of a Python program for linear-elastic structural analysis of grillages featuring circumferential arc-shaped and regular straight elements subjected to concentrated and distributed loads. The algorithm is based on the Finite Element Method. The force method was employed to compute the flexibility matrix, followed by the determination of the stiffness matrix and load vectors through inversion. A Gauss-Legendre Quadrature was incorporated in order to have a better control on accuracy for displacements, rotations, forces and moments. Results were validated through comparisons with literature data and similar software where curved structures are simulated using numerous straight elements. It was demonstrated that the Python-based program yields results closer to the exact solution with simplified input data, highlighting the effectiveness of both programming language and Gauss quadrature technique in structural analysis.

Study of the influence of construction stages on the analysis of tall reinforced concrete buildings

This dissertation project proposes to investigate the influence of considering construction stages in tall reinforced concrete buildings by evaluating conventional strategies, which do not take the construction stages into account, and strategies that consider them in an approximate way, including a model interpreted as a reference, known as construction effect. Nowadays, with the development of structural analysis and design programs, a change in the structural calculation is observed, moving from conventional models to those that describe the real sequence of loading and construction. Since the structure is subjected to internal forces as it is built, it is desirable for structural engineers to consider the loading being applied progressively and the evolution of the mechanical properties of materials with time. The conventional method, by considering the action of all loads on the completed structure and the modulus of elasticity of concrete at 28 days, does not reflect the reality of constructions. The main distinction between analysis strategies lies in how displacements along the height of the building are treated. In the conventional model, since the loads are applied in a single step, displacements occur simultaneously and cumulatively. On the other hand, in incremental analysis, the loads acting on a given floor do not cause displacements, or consequent internal forces, on an upper floor not yet built. Analysis without consideration of the construction stages may result in an inconsistent distribution of internal forces and may not represent the real behavior of the structure, wich may even result in inadequate design and consequent pathological manifestations and/or collapse of the structure. Therefore, it is intended to conduct a comparison between the methods of conventional analysis, axial stiffness increaser, called the approximate method, and incremental analysis, seeking to understand the main differences in terms of internal forces and the design of buildings. For this purpose, softwares for modeling, analysis, and structural design that allow the simulation of these strategies will be used.

Analysis of the Structural Performance of the State Treasury Services Office Building Against the Latest Earthquake Regulations SNI 1726 - 2019

This research aims to analyze the structural performance of the Tanjung Balai State Treasury Services Office Building (KPPN) against the latest earthquake provisions in SNI 1726-2019. This analysis is important to ensure that existing building structures meet the latest regulations and are able to withstand anticipated earthquake loads. The research methodology includes collecting building technical data, structural modeling using SAP2000. Building technical data includes information regarding dimensions, materials and main structural elements. Structural modeling is carried out to create a digital representation of the building. The results of the structural analysis program show that the natural period value according to both regulations and modeling is 0.196769 seconds. The basic earthquake force obtained from SNI 1726-2019 is 51,314 kN for the However, the base reaction is considered safe in both regulations because of the static earthquake force, namely 38,962 kN for SNI 1726-2019 and 31.17 kN for SNI 1726-2012. Then the story drift in the X direction of SNI 1726-2019 is 0.114 mm, in the Y direction 0.437 mm with a clearance deviation of 80 mm. And SNI 1726-2012 X direction 0.096 mm, Y direction 0.3 mm with a clearance deviation of 80 mm. According to the ATC-40 analysis which was analyzed using SAP2000 software, the building performance that occurs on soft soil (SE) has a drift value of 0.015 which is included in the Damage Control phase. From the results of this analysis, it can be concluded that the Tanjung Balai State Treasury Services Office Building (KPPN) meets the security criteria in accordance with SNI 1726-2019. These findings are expected to provide valuable recommendations for building owners to ensure the safety and suitability of existing building structures against earthquake risks in Indonesia.

Wall sandwich panels with steel facings and PUR foam core under transverse loading: Experimental testing and numerical model calibration

Light weight panels are largely used for the envelope (wall assembly, roofing system) of different kind of buildings. Under extreme loading conditions, like external explosions, the walls may suffer extensive damage, under either positive or negative pressures. The study presented in the paper describes the results obtained on wall sandwich panels tested for transverse loading until complete failure. The panels are arranged as single span systems supported on side rails and loaded at the mid-span. After a quasi-linear response, the maximum bending capacity is reached. At this point, the panels have a sudden drop in capacity, associated with the rapid wrinkling of the face in compression. If the end fasteners have adequate resistance, catenary stage develops, and the ultimate capacity can be significantly higher than the peak bending capacity. Flexibility of the lateral restraints significantly influence the initiation of catenary action and the ultimate capacity of sandwich panels. Numerical models were calibrated using the structural analysis and design program SAP2000. This may allow professionals to integrate more quickly the wall models into the structural design even for extreme loading conditions.

The Impact of the Capital Structure on the Financial Default / an Analytical Research in Sample of Companies of the Ministry of Industry and Minerals

The objective of this research is to study the effect of capital structure on financial default. As it is the first research of its kind that deals with this sample of companies affiliated to the Ministry of Industry and Minerals and these companies were chosen especially because they suffer from financial deficit problems. The importance of this research lies in determining the importance of the components of the capital structure and knowing their impact on financial default in the research sample companies. The research sample represented a number of companies of the Ministry of Industry and Minerals located in Baghdad Governorate. The statistical methods represented in used financial ratios in the analysis to evaluate the research variables, which are both capital structure ratios (Long-term debt ratio to equity and long-term debt to total asset) and liquidity ratios (Current ratio, Quick ratio, Cash ratio) and used the programs (SPSS v26) and (Excel 2010) and the moment structure analysis program (AMOS) was adopted in order to calculate each of the standard deviation, correlation coefficient and specificity to find the relationship between the research variables and test its hypotheses. The results showed that the capital structure had no effect on the cases of financial defaults in the companies.

Analysis of 2D Beam Structure Using the Matrix Method Using the PTC Mathcad and SAP2000 Applications Article Sidebar Published: Jun 30, 2024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37253/jcep.v5i1.9208 Keywords: Struktur Balok, Matriks kekakuan, PTC Mathcad, SAP2000 Main Article Content

Concrete beam structure that functions as an element to support bending loads and shear forces. The PTC Mathcad application software has a built-in matrix method, which makes it very easy to use to create simple structural analysis programs using the stiffness matrix method. The aim of this research is to create a simple analysis program using the PTC Mathcad application to analyze 2D beam structures using the matrix method and compare the analysis results with the SAP2000 application. PTC Mathcad and SAP2000 analysis will produce joint reaction values ​​for force, moment, and joint displacement for each beam model. Based on the results of the comparative analysis of internal force results produced from the PTC Mathcad application and the SAP2000 application, it was found that the

The system reliability of steel trusses with correlated variables

The paper focuses on the system reliability of steel trusses with correlated variables. The correlation between bearing capacities of bars was considered. Two static truss schemes were considered. Nodal forces were the only load. The Finite Element Method analysis was conducted in Robot Structural Analysis program. To conduct system reliability analysis it is essential to find cut-sets, it was realized by stiffness matrix spectral analysis. Then reliability analysis was performed in Sysrel module of Strurel computing environment. First Order Reliability Method was used as the base, Subset Simulation method was used to check the correctness of the results. The sensitivity analysis of reliability index enabled the authors to draw conclusions, which variables have the greatest influence on the reliability of the structure. The effects of actions and bearing capacities were assumed to be the only random variables and that the excessing the bearing capacities of bars is the only way the structure can get into failure area.

Structural damage localization based on deflection influence surfaces calculated by the three-dimensional boundary face method

A structural damage localization method based on deflection influence surfaces (DIS) calculated by the three-dimensional (3D) boundary element method (BEM) is proposed. By combining the 3D BEM with Structural Properties Intelligent Analysis Programs (SPIAP), the static equilibrium method (SEM) is performed on a square plate. Then, all the deflection values are automatically extracted by the SPIAP for the purpose of using the optimized bivariate polynomial function (BPF) to fit the DIS. The accuracy of the SPIAP-fitted DIS is proved by the optimized BPF program. Finally, a structural damage localization module is developed and verified through an experimental example. The numerical and experimental results indicate that compared to the analytical solution, the deflection calculation error of the square plate is no more than 1.8‰. Moreover, the damage localization accuracy of the simply supported beam under single-damage and double-damage cases has been improved by 28.6% and 16.7%, respectively.

Numerical and Experimental Analysis of the Vacuum Corn Seed Degassing System

Vacuum degassing of seeds is a basic preliminary stage of the treatment process to improve the viability of seeds of various crops. In this work, the degassing process of corn seeds was experimentally and numerically analyzed by removing air or other gases from around the seeds, specifically from the seed coating, in a rough vacuum chamber. Two complementary variants were employed to understand and optimize this process to improve the quality and germination rate of the seeds. The average germination percentage on the first day was about 98%, and the germination speed of 5.0 days. Several experiments were conducted with well-established durations of 10 min and masses of 5 kg and masses of corn seeds at different temperatures to observe and record the behavior of the system, facilitating the modeling of the degasification process in the vacuum compartment. Modeling the degasification operation in the vacuum chamber allowed for determining the pressure profiles on the vacuum chamber and its lid. Numerical simulations were either conducted using a simulation program developed in the Visual Basic Applications (VBA) language for Microsoft Excel to model the degassing process in the vacuum chamber or with the assistance of specialized software (transient structural analysis and simulation program in the ANSYS Workbench environment). Statistical analysis of the correlation between experimental and estimated pressure values revealed that both the proposed mathematical model and the solution method are well-chosen, with differences expressed through the absolute error (EA) being very small, only 1.425 mbar. Structural dynamic analysis carried through the Finite Element Method (FEM) highlights that the chosen materials for manufacturing the vacuum chamber vessel (316 stainless steel—yield strength 225 MPa and tangent modulus 2091 MPa) or the chamber lid (transparent acrylic plastic—yield strength 62.35 MPa and shear modulus 1445.3 MPa) are durable and capable of withstanding the desired pressure and temperature demands in the seed treatment process. Additionally, through structural dynamic analysis, it was possible to study the deformation of system components, providing a detailed perspective on their structural distribution. Thus, the paper aims to improve the quality and survival/germination rate of corn seeds as an important step to improve corn yield through simulations and analyses (numerical and experimental) of the vacuum corn seed degassing system. The degassing process of the vacuum chamber was simulated with a simulation program developed for Microsoft Excel for Microsoft 365 MSO (Version 2401 Build 16.0.17231.20236) 64-bit in the VBA language and software (transient structural dynamic analysis in the ANSYS environment through FEM). Vacuum degassing of corn seeds involves the removal of air or other gases around the seeds or products, which is crucial in various fields such as the food, pharmaceutical, or space technology industries.

Analisa Level Kinerja Struktur Pada Bangunan 12 Lantai Dengan Metode Pushover

There have been many earthquakes in Indonesia, especially West Sumatra. There was a fairly large earthquake, one of which was in 2009 with a magnitude of 7.6 on the Richter scale centered in Padang Pariaman, causing damage to vulnerable structures and loss of life. Therefore, evaluating the seismic vulnerability of buildings before an earthquake occurs is an important step in preventing damage to buildings and loss of life. In this study, a pushover analysis was carried out to determine the level of structural performance. The method used is a 12-storey building where both the existing building and its detailed properties are known, modeled using the Software Structural Analysis Program (SAP2000) Version 23. From the analysis results, the structure of the 12-storey building will experience the first yield point when given the 3rd pushover load, both at in the X-direction and Y-direction and the building structure will collapse when given the 10th pushover load in the X-direction and the 8th in the Y-direction. The performance level of the 12-story building structure is included in the Damage Control (DO) category level for the X-X direction, which means the transition between Immediate Occupancy (IO) and Life Safety (LS). Meanwhile, in the Y-Y direction, the structure is included in the Immediate Occupancy (IO) category level. Thus, in this case the building is still able to withstand the burden of the earthquake that occurred, the building can also be used again when it has received the earthquake load and the risk of human casualties is relatively small.

Analysis of the Structure of the Existing Mess Korem 012 Building as an Alternative Safety Building in Meulaboh

West Aceh district is one of the districts that was affected by the earthquake and tsunami that occurred in 2004. As a district that is in a strong earthquake condition, the aspect of earthquake-resistant buildings is an important object of concern. The Mess Ex KOREM 012 building is one of the buildings that was affected by the 2004 earthquake and tsunami tragedy, resulting in damage to structural elements. There are still very few alternative rescue buildings in Meulaboh, so the former Korem 012 Mess Building is an alternative that can be used to build this building. So this study aims to determine the structural capacity of the Mess Existing Korem 012 building which is intended as an alternative rescue building. This research method uses response spectrum analysis using the Structural Analysis Program (SAP2000) to obtain a structural response to the internal forces of the structure. These data were then processed again with SNI 2847-2019 in order to obtain data on the interaction of forces and moments of the P-MM column ratio and the joint ratio of beam-column relations (HBK). To produce data on the ability of structural elements in accordance with the Requirements for Special Moment-Bearing Frame Systems (SRPMK). The results of the analysis show that in the column area, there is a P-MM condition and the joint ratio HBK > 1. This shows that the ratio of structural capabilities exceeds the capability of the structure, thus the structure of the Mess Ex Korem 012 Building must be repaired to meet the earthquakeresistant building requirements of the SRPMK so it deserves to be used as an alternative rescue building in Meulaboh.

Interoperability between structural and geotechnical analysis for the study of safety in existing bridges

In recent years, the engineering community has shown a significant increase in interest in the field of soil-structure interaction. This problem is undoubtedly one of the most complex. Despite the exponential increase in computer performance in the last two decades, followed by the continuous development of numerical methods, the interaction between structural analysis programs and geotechnical issues remains limited. Specialized calculation codes for structural engineering and geotechnical engineering often operate independently. The reason for this separation lies in the highly specialized capabilities that a solver designed for geotechnical issues must possess. However, it remains crucial to incorporate the structural element within its geotechnical context, especially in the case of structures that are fully or partially embedded in the ground, such as tunnels, retaining walls, bridge abutments, and so on. There exists a mutual and reciprocal influence of the stress-strain state: the stiffness (and strength) of the foundation determines the response of the structure, which in turn affects the response of the foundation through its own stiffness. In many projects, there is an increasing demand to develop analyses that harness the full potential of both the structural and geotechnical aspects. Hence, there is a clear need to establish a connection between these two computational environments. The proposed solution involves the interaction of two programs: Midas Civil, an essential tool for structural engineers, and Flac 3D, a general-purpose software for geotechnical engineering. As explained further, this interaction is made possible thanks to the flexibility and openness of both software codes. Referring to a real case study of a road bridge with a superstructure consisting of reinforced concrete beams, this paper will illustrate the main challenges, significant steps, and undeniable advantages obtained through this approach.

Estimation of the fundamental period of vibration of the dental clinics and the dental classroom of the Catholic University of Cuenca using environmental vibration recordings

In the Faculty of Dentistry of the Catholic University of Cuenca, located in the city of Cuenca, province of Azuay. The lecture hall and the clinics of the faculty are built. These structures were built during 2018 and 2019. Due to the seismic events occurred in recent years, monitoring was carried out to obtain the characterization of the dynamic behaviour. The two structures are formed by a structural system based on structural steel frames (beam-column), the structure for laboratory use has metal columns filled with concrete, while the structure for classroom use has metal columns without concrete filling. The main objective was to obtain the vibration periods experimentally from the recording of environmental vibrations and also to obtain them analytically with mathematical models elaborated in structural analysis programs and environmental vibration tests were performed. The results show that building 1, composed by the dentistry clinic, obtained a vibration period of 0.41 s in X and 0.33 s in Y (Analytical Model); and, in the environmental vibration test it showed a period of 0.46 s in X and, 0.30 in Y. Building 2, composed of the dental faculty classroom, obtained periods of 0.53 s in X and 0.29 s in Y (Analytical Model). While in the environmental vibration studies they gave values of 0.52 s in X and 0.26 in Y.

Transforming Structural Engineering: Examining the Opportunities and Risks of ChatGPT and Other Large Language Models

The advancements in technology, particularly the development of high-performance computing (HPC) and large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, can potentially transform the field of Structural Engineering. Use of LLMs, such as ChatGPT, offers several opportunities in Structural Engineering, including the development of innovative design solutions, use in code-based structural analysis programs by automating repetitive coding tasks, conforming to building code requirements by automating compliance checks, and storing information. The critical concerns arise in LLM’s regarding biases, misinformation, safety, reliability, and lack of domain expertise. This paper explores the opportunities and risks associated with using ChatGPT and LLMs in Structural Engineering, focusing on efficiency, accuracy, and reliability. The main aim of the study is to examine the limitations and potential risks of relying solely on machine-generated information and to provide mitigation strategies to overcome them. Careful management to prevent harmful content, collaboration with human experts for accurate results, establishing guidelines and standards are obligatory measures to address ethical concerns such as bias, privacy, and abuse. Continuous monitoring and updating of LLMs are essential to maintain accuracy and relevance. While ChatGPT and LLMs offer significant benefits in Structural Engineering, responsible usage in combination with human expertise and machine-generated insights are vital to maximizing their potential while mitigating risks and ensuring safe as well as reliable engineering practices.

DESIGN OF EARTHQUAKE-RESISTANT REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURE OF AN EIGHT-STOREY FLATS IN PONTIANAK CITY

The mild to moderate earthquake zone includes the West Kalimantan region, especially Pontianak City. Along with the development of science, regulations governing building construction are continuously updated. SNI 1726-2019 results in that every building in the current mild earthquake zone must consider the earthquake force parameters so as not to cause a significant loss impact. Therefore, the design of an eight-story flats structure located in Pontianak will be carried out to obtain the dimensions of structural components resistant to earthquake loads based on SNI 1726-2019. This building design is a reinforced concrete structure with a moment-bearing frame system, and the structural analysis is modeled with a structural analysis program. The structural dimensions used are 100 mm thick floor plates, 350/700 mm and 400/800 mm for the primary beams, 250/500 mm for the secondary beam, and 800x800 mm columns. This building is included in KDS C, so the earthquake force-bearing structural system used is the Medium Moment Bearing Frame System (SRPMM). This structure has a type 2 horizontal deviation or inner corner deviation and a type 2 vertical deviation or weight (mass) deviation. Based on the structural analysis results, it is then adjusted to the structural parameters by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The results of the structural analysis are then continued with the calculation of reinforced concrete structures in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) to ensure that the results meet the required safety criteria.

The Role of Celebrity Endorser, Product Attractiveness in Improving Brand Image

<span>The purpose of this study is to develop the concept of celebrity endorsers, and product attractiveness to purchasing decisions with brand image as an intervening variable. A sample of 137 respondents consisted of fashion blazer owners in the city of Semarang. Retrieval of data by purposive random sampling method. The analysis tool uses Structural Equation Modeling with the application of the Moment of Structural Analysis program version 2</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span>. The findings of this study, the </span><span lang="EN-US">i</span><span>nfluence of celebrity endorsers, product attractiveness, and brand perception in a favorable and significant way. Celebrity endorsers, product attractiveness, and brand perception affect purchasing decisions in a positive and significant way.</span>

A performance evaluation of a new flexible preconditioning method on a parallel finite element structure analysis program, FrontISTR

A performance evaluation of a new flexible preconditioning method on a parallel finite element structure analysis program, FrontISTR

Development of a new CVAP structural analysis methodology of APR1400 reactor internals using scaled model tests

The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Regulatory Guide (RG) 1.20 provides guidance on the comprehensive vibration assessment program (CVAP) to be performed on reactor internals during pre-operational and startup tests. The purpose of the program is to identify loads that could cause vibration in the reactor internals and to ensure that these vibrations do not affect their structural integrity. The structural vibrational analysis program involves creating finite element analysis models of the reactor internals and calculating their structural responses when subjected to vibration loads. The appropriateness of the structural analysis methodology must be demonstrated through benchmarks or any other reasonable means. Although existing structural analysis methodologies have been proven to be appropriate and are widely used, this paper presents the development of an improved new structural analysis methodology for APR1400 reactor internals using scaled model tests.

An Object-Oriented Computer Program for Structural Reliability Analysis (BI): Components and Methods

An Object-Oriented Computer Program for Structural Reliability Analysis (BI): Components and Methods