Data Analysis Program Research Articles

СИСТЕМНА АРХІТЕКТУРА IOT-FOG-CLOUD ДЛЯ СИСТЕМ АНАЛІЗУ ВЕЛИКИХ ДАНИХ І КІБЕРБЕЗПЕКИ: ОГЛЯД ТУМАННИХ ОБЧИСЛЕНЬ, ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ АУДИТУ ІНТЕРНЕТУ РЕЧЕЙ

The article considers the issues of system architecture IoT-Fog-Cloud, considers the interaction between the three levels of IoT, Fog and Cloud for the effective implementation of programs for big data analysis and cybersecurity. The article also discusses security issues, solutions and directions for future research in the field of the Internet of Things and nebulous computing.

Algılanan Örgütsel Desteğin Örgüt Sağlığı Üzerindeki Etkisi: Hastane Çalışanlarına Yönelik Bir Araştırma

Amaç: Bu çalışma, işgören tarafından algılanan örgütsel desteğin örgüt sağlığı üzerindeki etkisini incelemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir.Yöntem: Araştırmanın evrenini Ege Bölgesi’nde bulunan bir ilin Sağlık Bakanlığı’na bağlı devlet hastanesi çalışanları oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma, Ağustos-Eylül 2019 tarihleri arasında ilgili hastanede ulaşılabilen ve çalışmaya katılmayı gönüllü olarak kabul eden 324 çalışan ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak anket formu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi için SPSS v.22 paket programı kullanılarak; Student-t Testi, One Way Anova, Korelasyon ve Regresyon analizi ile veri çözümlemeleri gerçekleştirilmiştir.Bulgular: Araştırmanın amacı doğrultusunda korelasyon analizi yapılmış ve algılanan örgütsel destek ile örgüt sağlığı arasında pozitif yönde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde bir ilişkinin olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu sonuca göre çalışanların algıladığı örgütsel destek arttıkça örgüt sağlığı algıları da artış göstermektedir. Sonuç: Algılanan örgütsel desteğin örgüt sağlığı üzerindeki etkisinin hastane çalışanları örnekleminde incelendiği araştırma sonuçlarına göre; hastane çalışanlarının algılanan örgütsel destek ve örgüt sağlığı algıları düşük düzeyde tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları değerlendirildiğinde, örgüt sağlığının geliştirilmesinde ve çalışanlarca olumlu biçimde algılanmasında, algılanan örgütsel destek önemli bir bağımsız değişken olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu nedenle örgüt sağlığını geliştirmek isteyen yöneticilerin çalışanlarına destek olması önerilmektedir.

Self-care perspective taking and empathy in a studentfaculty book club in the United States

PurposeWe aimed to study the impact of a combined faculty-student book club on education and medical practice as a part of the informal curriculum at the University of Florida College of Medicine in the United States.MethodsSixteen medical students and 7 faculties who participated in the book club were interviewed through phone and recorded. The interview was then transcribed and entered into the qualitative data analysis program QSR NVivo (QSR International, Burlington, MA, USA). The transcripts were reviewed, and thematic codes were developed inductively through collaborative iteration. Based on these preliminary codes, a coding dictionary was developed and applied to all interviews within QSR Nvivo to identify themes.ResultsFour main themes were identified from interviews: The first theme, the importance of literature to the development and maintenance of empathy and perspective-taking, and the second theme, the importance of the book club in promoting mentorship, personal relationships and professional development, were important to both student and faculty participants. The third and fourth themes, the need for the book club as a tool for self-care and the book club serving as a reminder about the world outside of school were discussed by student book club members.ConclusionOur study demonstrated that an informal book club has a significant positive impact on self-care, perspective-taking, empathy, and developing a “world outside of school” for medical school students and faculty in the United States. It also helps to foster meaningful relationships between students and faculty.

AnisoDipFit: Simulation and Fitting of Pulsed EPR Dipolar Spectroscopy Data for Anisotropic Spin Centers

Pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance dipolar spectroscopy (PDS) allows to measure the distances between electron spin centers and, in favorable cases, their relative orientation. This data is frequently used in structural biology for studying biomolecular structures, following their conformational changes and localizing paramagnetic centers within them. In order to extract the inter-spin distances and the relative orientation of spin centers from the primary, time-domain PDS signals, a specialized data analysis is required. So far, the software to do such analysis was available only for isotropic S = 1/2 spin centers, such as nitroxide and trityl radicals, as well as for high-spin Gd3+ and Mn2+ ions. Here, a new data analysis program, called AnisoDipFit, was introduced for spin systems consisting of one isotropic and one anisotropic S = 1/2 spin centers. The program was successfully tested on the PDS data corresponding to the spin systems Cu2+/organic radical, low-spin Fe3+/organic radical, and high-spin Fe3+/organic radical. For all tested spin systems, AnisoDipFit allowed determining the inter-spin distance distribution with a sub-angstrom precision. In addition, the spatial orientation of the inter-spin vector with respect to the g-frame of the metal center was determined for the last two spin systems. Thus, this study expands the arsenal of the PDS data analysis programs and facilitates the PDS-based distance and angle measurements on the highly relevant class of metolloproteins.

The presence of a Latin American psychological line in the Anglo-Saxon academic context: the Psychology of Liberation in Scopus (2002-2015)

Liberation psychology is a theory born in Latin America. This article studies the psychology of liberation in the Scopus database, with the aim of deepening historically on the subject and identify their visibility among Anglos-Saxons scientists. The study is a temporal analysis (2002-2015), in order to know their history, the key players in its creation, authors' greater impact on publications and major scientific journals. Also, it conducted an analysis of production according to the authorities, publications, terminologies, and citations. This study uses as tools data analysis Programs (Createpajek) and display of information (Netdraw). The main results in a universe of 55 papers were: 9 main authors; 3 elite journals that publish more than 41% of the articles; auniverse 7 keywords that control the law of the least effort, and the replication of the most cited journals.

Fen Eğitimi Alanındaki Araştırmaların Konu ve Yöntem Açısından İncelenmesi

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2013-2017 yılları arasında fen eğitimi alanında yapılmış olan araştırmaları betimsel içerik analiziyle incelemek ve fen eğitimcileri ile bu alanda araştırma yapacak olanlara önerilerde bulunmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, 2013-2017 yılları arasında fen eğitimi alanında yapılmış olan 125 araştırma; yöntem, değişken, konu alanı, çalışılan grup/düzey, veri toplama araçları, veri analizi teknikleri, örnekleme teknikleri, program ögeleri, öğretme-öğrenme yaklaşımları, strateji ve teknikleri, araç-gereç ve materyaller temaları bakımından incelenmiştir. İnceleme sonucunda söz konusu temalar, Araştırma Konusuna İlişkin Bulgular ve Araştırma Yöntemine İlişkin Bulgular başlıkları altında tasnif edilmiştir. Araştırmanın neticesinde, fen eğitimi alanında ağırlıklı olarak akademik başarı, ilgi, tutum, öz-yeterlik değişkenleri üzerinde çalışıldığı, öğretme-öğrenme yaklaşımları strateji ve teknikleri temasında sorgulamaya dayalı öğrenmenin, araç-gereç ve materyaller temasında ise dokümanların yoğun olarak incelendiği saptanmıştır. Araştırma yöntemine ilişkin bulgularda yöntem teması bakımından betimsel ve nicel yöntemin tercih edildiği, veri analiz teknikleri temasında betimsel analiz ve t testinden yararlanıldığı, örnekleme teknikleri temasına ise çalışmalarda yer verilmediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçlarıyla uyumlu olarak fen eğitimcileri ve ilgili araştırmacılara öneriler sunulmuştur.

PubChem Periodic Table and Element Pages: Improving Access to Information on Chemical Elements from Authoritative Sources.

PubChem (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) is one of the top five most visited chemistry web sites in the world, with more than five million unique users per month (as of March 2020). Many of these users are educators, undergraduate students, and graduate students at academic institutions. Therefore, PubChem has a great potential as an online resource for chemical education. This paper describes the PubChem Periodic Table and Element pages, which were recently introduced to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the periodic table. These services help users navigate the abundant chemical element data available within PubChem, while providing a convenient entry point to explore additional chemical content, such as biological activities and health and safety data available in PubChem Compound pages for specific elements and their isotopes. The PubChem Periodic Table and Element pages are also available as widgets, which enable web developers to display PubChem's element data on web pages they design. The elemental data can be downloaded in common file formats and imported into data analysis programs (e.g., spreadsheet software, like Microsoft Excel and Google Sheets, and computer scripts, such as python and R). Overall, the PubChem Periodic Table and Element pages improve access to chemical element data from authoritative sources.

Respiratory-Swallow Training Methods: Accuracy of Automated Detection of Swallow Onset, Respiratory Phase, Lung Volume at Swallow Onset, and Real-Time Performance Feedback Tested in Healthy Adults.

Background Preliminary studies have shown that respiratory-swallow training (RST) is a successful treatment for oropharyngeal head and neck cancer patients with refractory dysphagia. Refining the RST protocol with automated analysis software to provide real-time performance feedback has the potential to improve accessibility, reproducibility, and translation to diverse clinical settings. Method An automated software program for data acquisition and analysis developed to detect swallows, determine respiratory phase, calculate lung volume at the onset of the swallow, and provide real-time performance feedback was tested for feasibility in a small cohort of healthy adults. Outcome Measures Percent difference in swallow detection and accuracy of real-time performance feedback of respiratory phase and lung volume at swallowing onset between the automated software and the manual gold standard method were determined. Results The automated software program accurately detected the onset of the swallow on 91% of the swallows completed during the training trials. Feedback of respiratory phase and lung volume was accurate on 94% of the trials in which the swallow was accurately detected. Conclusions This novel, automated, and real-time RST software successfully detected the onset of the swallow, respiratory phase, and lung volume at swallow onset and provided appropriate real-time performance feedback with a high degree of accuracy in healthy adults. The software has the potential to improve the accessibility, efficiency, and translation of RST to diverse patient populations.

Knowledge Exchange: Roundtable Discussions

MODERATOR: Anna Jester eJournalPress Rockville, Maryland SPEAKERS: Angie Hunter American Chemical Society Washington, DC Gregory Schwarz American Astronomical Society Washington, DC REPORTER: Taryn Dollings American Society of Civil Engineers Reston, Virginia Publishers are increasingly striving to help authors make accurate and accessible data available not only to reviewers but also to readers. Many are considering workflow changes and new partnerships to help achieve this goal. To this end, this roundtable discussion brought together two experienced professionals to share their perspectives on validating and publishing data. Angie Hunter, Development Editor at the American Chemical Society, delivered a presentation on “Data Review and Initiatives at Organic Letters,” in which she reviewed the journal’s data analysis program. Organic Letters encourages, but does not require, its authors to submit raw data with their manuscripts. In response to often missing and incorrect data (and less often, manipulated data), Hunter and her team have developed a process for the editorial office to analyze data for accuracy and quality. Most of the work takes place once a revision is requested and then submitted. Data is reviewed for consistency with the submitted manuscript, and experimental procedures are checked for accuracy. The editorial office also reviews images for accuracy, legibility, and possible falsification. Hunter emphasized that although edited data or spectra comprise the smallest percentage of data analysis problems, they are often the most time-consuming to deal with. She also emphasized that the response from authors who have submitted edited data or spectra is mostly positive; authors are generally […]

Türkiye deki Turist Rehberlerinin Tur Denetimlerine Yönelik Algıları

The concept of inspection is based on very ancient dates. However, there is almost no theoretical or scientific study on tour and tourist guidance inspection. There is no study on perceptions, satisfaction or victimization of tourist guides on this issue. This research was carried out to determine the perceptions of tourist guides about tour and tourist guide inspection and whether tourist guides experienced victimization during inspections. This study is considered to be important for informing both the guides and the tourism stakeholders, especially the travel agencies, who are the main employers of tourist guides. The sample of the study consists of 158 tourist guides and their responses to the questionnaires were analyzed with the statistical data analysis program developed for social sciences. As a result, it has been determined that tourist guides are satisfied with the behavior of the inspectors during the inspections and that they did not suffer from the inspections. They trust the profession because of the inspections and inspectors. At the same time, because of inspections and inspectors, tourist guides have gained information about the inspection during the inspections.

Problems and Challenges Facing E-Marketing in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq

With technological developments and the emergence of the Internet, other methods of trade had to emerge that differ from traditional commerce, so what is known as e-commerce appeared, and to keep pace with these developments it was necessary to know what e-commerce is and how to use it, it is the process of buying or selling products through electronic means, such as The Internet or other electronic services, and the need for e-commerce emerged from the need to use computers more efficiently in banks and companies, and with the increase in competition, it was imperative for organizations to work on e-commerce in order to increase customer satisfaction and exchange information. In our research, we prepared a questionnaire containing a set of questions and gave them to more than 150 people from different categories and disciplines to find out their opinions on this topic, and we benefited from the data analysis program (SPSS). Then we collected the data and then wrote the conclusions and reached what we reached, and then we made suggestions to address the problems faced by digital marketing. Since the outbreak of the Coronavirus (Coved 19), more than 85% of customers around the world are shopping via the Internet, so there is no doubt that despite the setbacks in various sectors around the world; On top of them are the commercial sectors, but there are many other sectors that have made the most of this crisis, and perhaps the most prominent of them is "e-commerce", which has witnessed an increasing demand in light of customers' fear of being in crowded places.

Disaster Experience, Disaster Awareness and Disaster Anxiety, Disaster Nursing Competence among Nursing Students

Purpose : This study is a descriptive research study which attempted to identify the effects of nursing students’ disaster experience, disaster awareness and disaster anxiety on disaster nursing competence. Methods : The subjects of the study were 301 nursing students from 2 Universities in Gangwon and central region. It used the SPSS 22.0 WIN program for data analysis. Results : According to the research, 30.6% of the respondents said they had disaster experience and 23.6% said they had disaster education experience. The scores of disaster anxiety, disaster awareness, and disaster nursing competence based on general characteristics showed a statistically significant difference according to the academic year(F＝3.65, p＝.027). As for the correlation among disaster anxiety, disaster awareness and disaster nursing competence of the subjects, a significant amount of correlation appeared between disaster awareness and disaster nursing competence(r＝0.22, p＝.001). Conclusion : In this study, disaster awareness was a factor that affected the disaster nursing competence of nursing students. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a systematic and consistent disaster education process that can increase disaster awareness among nursing students.

Measure the impact of contribution of Saudi Women's- in private sector- on economic growth for period 2005- 2017: قياس أثر مساهمة المرأة السعودية العاملة في القطاع الخاص على النمو الاقتصادي 2005- 2017م

The main objective of this study was to measure the impact on the contribution of Saudi women working in private the sector on economic growth for period 2005- 2017, In spite of the difficulties and challenges facing women contribute to the private and public sectors. It based on the following hypotheses: There was a statistically significant relationship between economic growth and Women's contribution of industry, trade, insurance and real- estate services, and community services in the long and short- run. The study used a descriptive approach and the methodology of econometrics to construct the model and Eviews10 Program for data analysis. The Data was collected from the Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority, for the period (2005- 2017). It used the bounds testing (ARDL) Method to estimate Women's contribution equation. The results were explained that was a statistically significant relationship between the Women's contribution to trade, insurance and real- estate services and economic growth in the long. The weakness of elasticity was due for: the study period was short and recently, Women participated in the private sector. In Short- run economic growth was affected only by the contribution of women to trade. There was a statistically insignificant relationship between the Women's contribution to the service of the community and economic growth in the long and short- run. The error correction indicated that the shock in the past year is corrected in the current year. The study recommended were the follows: The implementation of training courses to increase the Women's contribution of industry and community services in the long and short- run. Activate systems that encourage women to work in private sector. For future study Researcher recommends applying the detailed study to measure the impact on the Women's contribution to all activities of the private sector.

İlahiyat Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Mobil Öğrenmeye Yönelik Tutumları

Bu araştırma, İlahiyat Fakültesi’nde okuyan öğrencilerin mobil öğrenme teknolojilerine yönelik tutumlarını incelemeyi amaçlanmıştır. Bu temel amaç doğrultusunda katılımcıların “Mobil Öğrenmeye Yönelik Tutum Ölçeğinden” aldıkları puanların cinsiyet/sınıf değişkenine göre anlamlı bir farklılık gösterip göstermediğine bakılmıştır. Araştırma yöntemi olarak nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden nedensel karşılaştırma tercih edilmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemi; Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi (MKÜ) İlahiyat Fakültesi’nde 1. Sınıfta (55) ve 2. Sınıfta (46) okuyan ve yaşları 18-30 arasında değişen toplam 101 gönüllü öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin mobil öğrenmeye yönelik tutumlarına ait veriler nicel olarak Demir ve Akpınar tarafından 2016 yılında geliştirilen “Mobil Öğrenmeye Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği” ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen nicel veriler SPSS 20.0 veri analizi programı ile çözümlenmiş ve bağımsız gruplar t-testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın ilk sonucuna göre çalışmaya katılan İlahiyat Fakültesi öğrencilerinin cinsiyet değişkenine göre ölçek alt faktörlerinde (memnuniyet, öğrenmeye etki, motivasyon, kullanışlılık) ve ölçek toplam puanlarının anlamlı bir şekilde farklılaşmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. İkinci olarak katılımcılar arasında sınıf değişkenine göre kullanışlılık alt ölçeğinde anlamlı bir farklılık olmadığı; fakat memnuniyet, öğrenmeye etki, motivasyon ve ölçek toplam puanı açısından anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.

Metabolic Syndrome and Nutrition: Text Mining and Network Analysis Using Abstracts of PubMed

Abstract Objectives Big data consisting of unstructured data such as documents, images, sound sources, etc. are difficult to apply to existing structured data analysis programs and analyzed using techniques such as text mining, web mining, opinion mining, and network analysis. In metabolic syndrome management, interventions such as lifestyle correction are more important than drug treatment. Therefore, this study studied nutrition that can help prevent metabolic syndrome through atypical data analysis using Medline data. Methods From 1977 to December 2019, a total of 992 abstracts were extracted among the papers available from the Pubmed using the Mesh words of metabolic syndrome, nutrition, and prevention as a search term. Text mining using the Netminer 4.0 program resulted in the extraction of 7846 nouns and the final nouns of nutrients or foods defined as the frequency of occurrence are more than 30 times. For the selected words, we constructed and analyzed a network using links that connectivity values of 0.05 or more. Results Of the 27 words related to nutrition in 992 papers, most five frequent nouns were Calcium, Magnesium, Mediterranean diet, Zinc, and Dairy product. In the network analysis, the five keywords in the centrality analysis were Dairy products, Fish, Vegetables, Fruit and Copper. The 27 words were grouped into eight groups, and four groups of one or more words were identified: A first group consisting of Calcium, Copper, Flavonoid, Iron, Magnesium and Selenium, and the second group of Zinc, DHEA, EPA, Fish and Omega 3. The third group consisting of Polyphenol, Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Yogurt, and the last group consisting of Dairy products, Fruits, Mediterranean diet, Milk, Nut, Sodium, Sugar, and Vegetables. Conclusions Numerous minerals, omega 3, Probiotics and vegetables, fruits and dairy products were identified in the nutrition papers related to the prevention of metabolic syndrome. Funding Sources This study has not supported by any funds.

Study on the potential effective ingredients of Xiaosheng prescription for dry eye disease

Xiaosheng prescription (XSP) has been used for dry eye disease (DED) for more than 10 years in Eye Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences. However, the effective ingredients involved have remained unclear, which was investigated in this study by the correlation of ingredient and therapeutic activity. Human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC) cultured with 110 mM NaCl solution in vitro and C57BL/6 mice injected subcutaneously with scopolamine hydrobromide were used to establish dry eye models, and the therapeutic effect of XSP extract 1 was better than that of XSP extract 2 significantly. Then, UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and data analysis program Progenesis QI and Makerlynx XS were used to analyze the potential effective ingredients of XSP, and 4 compounds were speculated and identified, in which Schisandrin and 1 μM of Schisantherin A could obviously increase the cell survival rate of injured cells on the cell model. It can be indicated that Schisandrin and Schisantherin A are probably the potential effective ingredients in XSP for DED.

Aging, Health and Place from the Perspective of Elders in an Inuit Community.

This paper explores perspectives of Inuit elders on the relationships between aging, health and place. Their views are important to consider in the context of a growing proportion and number of older people in Arctic communities, a new sociological condition. Developing policies and programs to promote healthy aging in Inuit communities is challenging as there is little known about the social and living conditions that promote healthy aging in the Arctic. In this study twenty Inuit aged between 50 to 86, from one community in Nunavut, participated to in-depth qualitative interviews. Themes discussed included aging and health, housing conditions, community conditions, land-based activities, medical and leisure travel outside of the community, and mobility and accessibility. Preliminary analyses of the qualitative data were validated in the community through a focus group with four participants and an interpreter. Interviews and the focus group transcripts were analysed using thematic content analyses and NVivo 12 qualitative data analysis program (QSR International Pty Ltd. 2017). Participants reported that spending time with children, having social support, living in houses adapted to aging health conditions, having access to community activities and services, and time spent on the land were the main resources supporting their health. Several factors limited the availability of these resources. These include: lack of accessibility to resources; structural factors impacting their availability; and natural and social changes in interpersonal relationships. Participants also stressed the importance of being able to grow old in their own community. Knowledge generated in this project contributes to policies and programs targeting housing and community conditions to support healthy aging, and aging in place, in Inuit Nunangat.

Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Bilişsel Duygu Düzenlemelerinde Çocukluk Örselenmeleri ve Otomatik Düşüncelerin Yordayıcı Rolü

The aim of this research is to investigate the predictive role of childhood traumatic experiences and automatic thoughts on university students’ cognitive emotion regulation. The study group of this research consists of 652 university students who study at Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University in the 2017-2018 academic year. Research data was collected via Cognitive Emotion Regulation Scale which is developed by Onat and Otrar (2010), Childhood Traumatic Experiences Scale Short Form which is developed by Kaya (2014) and Automatic Thoughts Scale which is developed by Aydin and Aydin (2009). In data analysis, IBM SPSS and IBM AMOS programs were used. Percentage, frequency, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and regression analysis were used in the analysis of obtained data. As a result of the analyzes, it was concluded that childhood traumatic experiences and automatic thoughts are significant predictors of cognitive emotion regulation

Determination of the Spelling and Punctuation Errors in the Writing Activities of Middle-School Students

Araştırma, ortaokul öğrencilerinin yazma çalışmalarındaki yazım ve noktalama hatalarını belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yazım ve noktalama kuralları öğretimi, bir dilin yazı dili olarak geliştirilmesi, yazılı anlatımın açık ve anlaşılır olması için gereklidir. Türkçe Dersi Öğretim Programı’nda (2019) her sınıf düzeyinde yazım ve noktalama kurallarına yönelik kazanımlara yer verilmiştir. Araştırma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunda, 127 öğrenci yer almıştır. Araştırmanın verileri, doküman (yazı) incelemesi yöntemi ile toplanmıştır. Veriler, içerik analizi tekniği ile çözümlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin yazıları, MAXQDA 12 nitel veri analizi programına aktarılmış ve kodlamalar program üzerinden yapılmıştır. Ortaokul öğrencileri, yazım konusunda en fazla sözcük yazımı (harf hatası, eksikliği vb.), büyük harflerin yazımı, bağlaç olan da, de’nin yazımı ve birleşik-ayrı sözcük yazımı; noktalama konusunda ise nokta eksikliği, virgül eksikliği ve virgülün yanlış kullanımı ile ilgili hatalar yapmışlardır.

Yönetim ve Örgütsel Davranış Yazınındaki Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışmalarının Metodolojik Açıdan Analizi

Scale development is a study that requires significant expert knowledge and long-term effort. The scientificness of these studies in terms of reliability and validity is based on the implementation of some methodological principles. In the social sciences literature, it is seen that specific methods are applied in some of the scale development studies, while in others, every stage of the scientific criteria is not taken into account. In this context, this study aimed to examine the scale development studies in management and organizational behavior literature between the 2000-2019 years from the methodological perspective by the content analysis. As the scope of the objectives of the study, it is aimed to determine the existing methods of the scale development process in the studies and to present a model that includes the required steps of the scale development studies. According to this purpose, 65 studies in the scope of the graduate theses, articles, and conference proceedings indexed by the national database in Turkey between the specific years are examined. These 65 studies are evaluated using the qualitative data analysis program MAXQDA 10.0 software based on scale development criteria determined.