Computer Operations Research Articles

High-dimensional SO(4)-symmetric Rydberg manifolds for quantum simulation

We develop a toolbox for manipulating arrays of Rydberg atoms prepared in high-dimensional hydrogen-like manifolds in the regime of linear Stark and Zeeman effect. We exploit the SO(4) symmetry to characterize the action of static electric and magnetic fields as well as microwave and optical fields on the well-structured manifolds of states with principal quantum number n. This enables us to construct generalized large-spin Heisenberg models for which we develop state-preparation and readout schemes. Due to the available large internal Hilbert space, these models provide a natural framework for the quantum simulation of quantum field theories, which we illustrate for the case of the sine-Gordon and massive Schwinger models. Moreover, these high-dimensional manifolds also offer the opportunity to perform quantum information processing operations for qudit-based quantum computing, which we exemplify with an entangling gate and a state-transfer protocol for the states in the neighborhood of the circular Rydberg level.

Evolving the IT audit

Nowadays, modern technologies are becoming an essential part of any organization's activities, therefore the main priority for internal audit is to perform IT risk assessment and management control in consulting. Therefore, IT environment programs and computer operations as a part of the IT infrastructure have to be appreciated by auditors. Monitoring of IT infrastructure will afford auditors to uncover infrastructure vulnerability. The basis for assessing infrastructure vulnerability that affects internal organization structure is formed by the monitoring system of IT hardware, software, network and data components. For example, systems and networks connected to the Internet are exposed to threats that do not exist for self-contained systems and networks. When thorough understanding of the IT environment has been achieved, the executive auditor and the internal audit group can perform the risk assessment and develop the audit plan. Evolving an audit plan, many administrative factors are have to be taken into account, such as a kind of industry, revenue, a type of revenue, process complexity, and geographic location. Two factors that openly affect risk assessment and the very essence to audit IT environment are process and its role. Key words: audit, IT audit, IT infrastructure, risk, audit plan evolving.

Distributed Quantum Error Correction for Chip-Level Catastrophic Errors.

Quantum error correction holds the key to scaling up quantum computers. Cosmic ray events severely impact the operation of a quantum computer by causing chip-level catastrophic errors, essentially erasing the information encoded in a chip. Here, we present a distributed error correction scheme to combat the devastating effect of such events by introducing an additional layer of quantum erasure error correcting code across separate chips. We show that our scheme is fault tolerant against chip-level catastrophic errors and discuss its experimental implementation using superconducting qubits with microwave links. Our analysis shows that in state-of-the-art experiments, it is possible to suppress the rate of these errors from 1per 10s to less than 1per month.

Quantum Protocol for Secure Multiparty Logical AND With Application to Multiparty Private Set Intersection Cardinality

Like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, logical AND is a fundamental arithmetic operation in scientific computing. In this paper, we first consider and define a new privacy-preserving problem, i.e., Secure Multiparty Logical AND (SMLA), in which multiple participants can jointly compute the logical AND of their respective private bits. Furthermore, we present a novel quantum SMLA protocol by employing phase-matching quantum conference key agreement and perfect quantum encryption, and design the corresponding quantum circuits. The proposed quantum SMLA protocol can ensure information-theoretical security. What’s more, we design a private grouping strategy to reduce the communicational complexity and accordingly present an improved quantum SMLA protocol with the linear communicational rounds. In addition, we investigate its applications and design a feasible quantum Multiparty Private Set Intersection Cardinality (MPSI-CA) protocol based on the improved quantum SMLA protocol, in which multiple participants jointly compute the intersection cardinality without revealing their respective private sets. Finally, we verify the correctness and the feasibility of the proposed quantum protocols by circuit simulations in IBM Qiskit.

Model of operation of computer measuring system

The implementation of the concepts of a smart home - smart city implies a high level of automation using control and measuring devices and equipment, as well as computer and informational technologies. One of the effective trends of automation is the widespread use of computer measuring systems Article presents the model of operation of a computer measuring system with digital data processing is proposed. The presented model is based on the semi-Markov model of operation of an analog-to-digital converter, on the semi-Markov model of an embedded personal computer, on the analytical formula for calculating the availability factor of computer measuring system. The analytical expression for the availability factor of a computer measuring system includes both the technical and operational characteristics of the computer, as well as the metrological and technical characteristics of the analog-to-digital converter. The specified expression allows to find the optimal value of calibration and verification interval. Determination of the optimal calibration interval required to control the metrological characteristics during long-term operation of the computer measuring system. The developed model can be used to set requirements for the metrological support of instruments and de-vices used in the framework of the automation trend in the sphere of housing and communal services.

CellularFlow: Memristive Circuits of Gyrator Neurons Toward Brain Circuits

Now is the age of neuromorphic computing that creates brain circuits. The analog and digital circuit theory changes because the values of the basic conductance elements can be made variable by learning. The computer structure changes to in-memory computing technology in cooperation with a von Neumann architecture. In this paper, we propose a gyrator neuron (GN) that enables analog computer operations by nodal equation. The GN is constructed based on memristor elements. The GN executes learning by back propagation processing and association by forward propagation processing.

Optimizing DNN Compilation for Distributed Training With Joint OP and Tensor Fusion

This article proposes <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DisCo</i> , an automatic deep learning compilation module for data-parallel distributed training. Unlike most deep learning compilers that focus on training or inference on a single device, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DisCo</i> optimizes a DNN model for distributed training over multiple GPU machines. Existing single-device compilation strategies do not work well in distributed training, due mainly to communication inefficiency that they incur. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DisCo</i> generates optimized, joint computation operator and communication tensor fusion strategies to enable highly efficient distributed training. A GNN-based simulator is built to effectively estimate per-iteration training time achieved by operator/tensor fusion candidates. A backtracking search algorithm is driven by the simulator, navigating efficiently in the large strategy space to identify good operator/tensor fusion strategies that minimize distributed training time. We compare <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DisCo</i> with existing DL fusion schemes and show that it achieves good training speed-up close to the ideal, full computation-communication overlap case.

Digital control by manipulator of railway track machine

Digital control of manipulator of railway track machine (RTM). It is shown, that exactness and performance of operation execution are the main characteristics, which determine quality of work RTM. Manipulator design with pyramidal structure, in which mechanism is actuated with linear drives, placed in parallel, is described. Mathematical model of exactness evaluation, when there is dry friction at actuators, is worked out. It is shown, that mechanics parallelism leads to cross-links between grasp coordinates control channels. Flowchart of manipulator under investigation, as the object under control, is given. The analytical descriptions of object under control and control algorithm, underlying Von Neumann type controller, are fulfilled with description of delays, linked with features of controller operation, namely operator-by-operator interpretation of algorithm, unfolding in physical time. For estimation of time delays at interface between controller and manipulator semi-Markov model of Von Neumann computer operation is worked out. The method of estimation lags in contours, based on transformation the ergodic semi-Markov model into non-ergodic one, and computation expectations and dispersions of time interval from-point-to-point wandering through semi-Markov process, is proposed.

Detection of Malicious Websites Using Symbolic Classifier

Malicious websites are web locations that attempt to install malware, which is the general term for anything that will cause problems in computer operation, gather confidential information, or gain total control over the computer. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed which consists of the implementation of the genetic programming symbolic classifier (GPSC) algorithm on a publicly available dataset to obtain a simple symbolic expression (mathematical equation) which could detect malicious websites with high classification accuracy. Due to a large imbalance of classes in the initial dataset, several data sampling methods (random undersampling/oversampling, ADASYN, SMOTE, BorderlineSMOTE, and KmeansSMOTE) were used to balance the dataset classes. For this investigation, the hyperparameter search method was developed to find the combination of GPSC hyperparameters with which high classification accuracy could be achieved. The first investigation was conducted using GPSC with a random hyperparameter search method and each dataset variation was divided on a train and test dataset in a ratio of 70:30. To evaluate each symbolic expression, the performance of each symbolic expression was measured on the train and test dataset and the mean and standard deviation values of accuracy (ACC), AUC, precision, recall and f1-score were obtained. The second investigation was also conducted using GPSC with the random hyperparameter search method; however, 70%, i.e., the train dataset, was used to perform 5-fold cross-validation. If the mean accuracy, AUC, precision, recall, and f1-score values were above 0.97 then final training and testing (train/test 70:30) were performed with GPSC with the same randomly chosen hyperparameters used in a 5-fold cross-validation process and the final mean and standard deviation values of the aforementioned evaluation methods were obtained. In both investigations, the best symbolic expression was obtained in the case where the dataset balanced with the KMeansSMOTE method was used for training and testing. The best symbolic expression obtained using GPSC with the random hyperparameter search method and classic train–test procedure (70:30) on a dataset balanced with the KMeansSMOTE method achieved values of ACC¯, AUC¯, Precsion¯, Recall¯ and F1-score¯ (with standard deviation) 0.9992±2.249×10−5, 0.9995±9.945×10−6, 0.9995±1.09×10−5, 0.999±5.17×10−5, 0.9992±5.17×10−6, respectively. The best symbolic expression obtained using GPSC with a random hyperparameter search method and 5-fold cross-validation on a dataset balanced with the KMeansSMOTE method achieved values of ACC¯, AUC¯, Precsion¯, Recall¯ and F1-score¯ (with standard deviation) 0.9994±1.13×10−5, 0.9994±1.2×10−5, 1.0±0, 0.9988±2.4×10−5, and 0.9994±1.2×10−5, respectively.

Static random‐access memory with embedded arithmetic logic units for in‐memory computing and ternary content addressable memory operation

Static random‐access memory with embedded arithmetic logic units for in‐memory computing and ternary content addressable memory operation

Combinatorial Optimization

Combinatorial Optimization deals with optimization problems defined on combinatorial structures such as graphs and networks. Motivated by diverse practical problem setups, the topic has developed into a rich mathematical discipline with many connections to other fields of Mathematics (such as, e.g., Combinatorics, Convex Optimization and Geometry, and Real Algebraic Geometry). It also has strong ties to Theoretical Computer Science and Operations Research. A series of Oberwolfach Workshops have been crucial for establishing and developing the field. The workshop we report about was a particularly exciting event—due to the depth of results that were presented, the spectrum of developments that became apparent from the talks, the breadth of the connections to other mathematical fields that were explored, and last but not least because for many of the particiants it was the first opportunity to exchange ideas and to collaborate during an on-site workshop since almost two years.

Optimal decisions in stochastic graphs with uncorrelated and correlated edge weights

Stochastic graph models and algorithms for the computation of different stochastic shortest path problems (SSPPs) continue to play an important role in various fields of computer science and operations research, with recent applications ranging from vehicle routing to social networks and decision problems in finance. In this paper, we first introduce stochastic graph models where weights to pass an edge in a graph are, possibly correlated, random variables. Depending on the application context and the interpretation of uncertain edge weights, random variables either model the time to pass an edge or describe a reward one gains by traversing an edge. For modeling the random variables discrete phase type distributions are used. Several algorithms for the computation of optimal policies which depend on the current weight upon arriving at a vertex while still exploiting weight dependencies among edges are developed. It will be shown that with correlated edge weights the stochastic shortest path problems become PSPACE-complete and the solution of instances with a bounded number of phases is NP-hard such that for an exact computation of the shortest path, algorithms from partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) or mixed integer linear programming (MILP) have to be applied. Alternatively, an efficient heuristic algorithm can be used which often yields good or even optimal results with a small effort.

Development of Student Worksheets Using Problem Based Learning Models on Algebraic Computing Operation Materials

The formulation of the problem in this study are: How is the LKPD Development using a problem-based learning learning model on the Algebraic Computing Operation material? How is the validity of the Student Worksheet with the problem-based learning model developed as a learning medium for students? How are students' responses to the Worksheet Students by using a problem-based learning model? This study aims to produce a Student Worksheet product using a Problem Based Learning model on valid and feasible algebraic arithmetic operations. This research is a type of development research and uses 4-D (four-D) research procedures which are modified into 3-D (three-D), namely the definition stage, the design stage, and the development stage. The results of this study: 1) Researchers have produced Student Worksheets using the Problem Based Learning model on algebraic arithmetic operations on the subject of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division in algebraic form. 2) the results of the assessment of the Student Worksheets from material experts are 94.3% with a very valid validity level and the assessment of the Student Worksheets from media experts is 81.6% with a fairly valid validity level. 3) obtaining the results of the assessment through a student questionnaire with an average percentage of 88.25% with a very positive category. From the results of the assessment of material experts, media experts, and student responses, the developed Student Worksheets are valid and suitable to be used as learning media by students.

Dry eye among computer operators at a tertiary care centre in India.

There is global digitalization. With the increased use of computers in the workplace, refraction and dry eye related health concerns are developing. This study is conducted to evaluate the effects of long-term computer use on tear production and evaporation. Thisis a cross-sectional study among 97 computer operators in a Tertiary care centre. Dry eye disease was assessed subjectively with the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire and objectively by performing Schirmer's test and Tear Break-up Time (TBUT). Majority of participants (59.2%) were male's age group between 36- 40 years. The prevalence of dry eye among the computer Operators was found to be 51%. Mean TBUT and mean Schirmer's Test value for those with dry eye was 12.65s and 10.3mm respectively. This study showed that a positive relation between dry eye and computer usage. Computer users are predisposed to developing dry eye diseases. It is therefore necessary for them to go for regular ophthalmic examination to prevent dry eye symptoms and disease.

Factors Leading to Cervical Pain among Display Screen Equipment Operators; An Observational Study

Background: Computer operators are more to develop pain in the cervical region. With a wide range of possible risk factors, that vary from person to person, this area requires continuous investigation. So that workplace can be modified to promote work safety. Objective: To estimate the association of different risk factors of neck pain among display screen equipment users in office settings. Methods: Using display screen equipment self-assessment questionnaire and musculoskeletal discomfort form, the data was gathered from offices in different cities of Pakistan. Office workers under 60 years who used a display screen for more than an hour each day were eligible to participate in the study. While those having any history of spinal deformities, cervical surgery, trauma or malignancy was excluded. For statistical computation and analysis, the data from 122 participants were recorded in SPSS version 21. The prevalence of neck pain and frequency distribution of variables were computed. The chi-square test was used to determine the correlation between the variables, and the p-value less than or equal to 0.05 were considered significant. Results: Neck pain was seen in 41.8% out of the 122 study participants. It was observed to affect the daily activities of 29.4% of the population, while 62.7% had experienced discomfort in the previous week. Neck pain was found to be substantially correlated with work fulfillment, stress and male gender. While among ergonomic factors it was linked to breaks from work, the height of the screen used, and computer hardware adjustability. Conclusion: Many office workers using display screen equipment report cervical pain. It is associated with both workplace and individual-level factors and such problems can be avoided by enhancing workplace ergonomics.

Review and analysis of secure energy efficient resource optimization approaches for virtual machine migration in cloud computing

Computing operations such as databases, networks, hardware, programs, analytics, and so on are all part of the cloud computing service. As such, it may serve as an option to in-house hardware and software. However, dynamic consolidation of VMs is required to improve power consumption, load balance, the frequency of migrations, Quality of Service (QoS), and the rate at which SLA violations are addressed, all of which contribute to better resource use. VM technology has quickly become a pillar of data centers and cluster systems because to its utility in partitioning, consolidating, and moving workloads. VM placement is another thing that affects the quality of consolidation. It is important to design a system that improves energy efficiency by allocating resources to applications in a smart way while still meeting QoS requirements for applications. Moreover, the security of information that is being processed during the migration process is also one of the important tasks. Hence, in this paper, review and analysis based on parameters and metrics for the VM migration under the influence of energy optimization, consolidation, and security have been investigated in a wider manner. Moreover, some open issues that are still prevalent in the current field have also been highlighted.

The Application of Interactive Effect Evaluation Model in the Teaching of College Mathematics Courses

Mathematics courses in higher education (advanced mathematics, linear algebra, etc.) are characterized by abstract concepts, many easily confused concepts, many nature theorems, and large amount of calculation of many difficulties. In most cases, due to the knowledge level, knowledge structure, and requirements of the teaching process, the traditional mathematics teaching adopts the straight-to-point approach to the introduction of mathematical concepts, and the explanation of property theorems mostly adopts the method of giving the theorems first and then analyzing and proving them for the calculation problems are mostly manual calculation. Educators are mainly concerned with how to organize teaching so that the trainees can acquire more knowledge, while ignoring the subject status of the trainees, and it is often related to the talents of higher education. The training goals are consistent. The traditional mathematics teaching only reflects a function of knowledge inheritance, but lacks the function of knowledge innovation. The lack of concept generation process in teaching makes the abstraction stronger; the lack of case analysis process makes the applicability weaken; and the serious separation of engineering problem solving and computer operation makes it lack of practicability. The current mathematics knowledge and curriculum make students in a passive position in the process of mastering basic knowledge. From the study about the present condition of the math education and the real requirement, the thesis will talk about content, characteristics, and the relationships for the practical education along with interactive teaching process. What is more, the ways of education and online education is able to be presented. At the same time, this paper also obtains the maximum weight value of each teaching quality evaluation index through analytic hierarchy process, introduces the quadratic fuzzy comprehensive calculation method of fuzzy operator, and determines the maximum component of the evaluation level as the final evaluation level according to the most subordinate degree criterion of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. Especially in the formulation of teaching quality evaluation model in China, the qualitative description is processed quantitatively by the method of fuzzy mathematics and statistics, so that the qualitative index and the quantitative index are organically combined.

Running Text Information System Design Internet-Based for Small Outlets

&lt;p&gt;Currently, there are many small business outlets that have opened branches in many places. With the spread of outlets that are far apart, it becomes a problem for the owner to be in a certain place on a display board that is installed at a height in each of his outlets. Display boards that are commonly used as promotional media and usually show product prices/interesting information are running text boards. In some studies there are those who make ESP as an access point, so that it can only be accessed within the range of the access point. So it cannot be accessed remotely. To facilitate this information, in this study, we designed an internet-based mobile text information system using the ESP32 Microcontroller and the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol, as well as a display board (DMD LED Panel P10). By using an android-based mobile device that is owned by almost everyone and then equipped with the MQTT application, it is hoped that information will no longer be constrained by distance and the absence of a computer device, as well as the limited number of computer operators.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="IndexL-MAG"&gt; &lt;/p&gt;

Competencies and Challenges among Newly Appointed Barangay Secretaries in One Local Government Unit of Bicol Region, Philippines

This study assessed the office competencies and challenges among the newly appointed Barangay Secretaries of Local Government Unit (LGU) of Nabua in Camarines Sur, Bicol Region in the Philippines. This descriptive method of research used questionnaire and interview using the percentage method and mean as its statistical tools using the four-scale rating to interpret the gathered data. The actual respondents of the study were the 35 of the 45 Barangay Secretaries of LGU-Nabua. Findings reveal that the office competencies of barangay secretaries along stenography, office management, records management, and human relations were all assessed as satisfactory except for computer operation which was assessed as fair. The study further revealed that challenges were seldom encountered by the respondents along their work performance. Majority of the respondents preferred training program on records management and office management but computer operation in varied software with ease may also be given emphasis. Recommendations to enhance the office competencies and address the challenges encountered by barangay secretaries in their present job were also proposed in this study.

A flexible resistive switching device for logical operation applications in wearable systems

As an emerging micro/nano device, memristor integrates functions, such as memory, sensing, and computing, and has similar internal dynamics to synapses, showing great potential in neuromorphic computing and logical operations. In this work, a flexible memristor with Al/TiOx/Al/polyethylene terephthalate structure was developed to investigate the synergistic effect from the oxygen vacancy, H2O molecule, and NaCl. A forming-free resistive switching (RS) behavior observed in the flexible memristor can be ascribed to the migration and accumulation of the oxygen vacancy and Schottky emission of the interfaces. This forming-free RS is sensitive to the NaCl and H2O molecule because the Na+ migration disturbs the oxygen vacancy filament and interplay between oxygen vacancy and H2O molecules. The variation conductance modulated by the concentration of NaCl and H2O molecules can represent the weight update incrementally that the online learning required. Therefore, the memristor has the potential to be used as a biosensor in human tissues or to realize the brain-like chip, which points out the research direction for the extension function of the memristor in wearable systems.