Computer Compatible Tapes Research Articles

Computerized radiological reporting with word retrieval using MT-ST.

The authors describe a system of typing consultation reports from the Department of Radiology on IBM magnetic-tape Selectric typewriters (MT∕ST). Using computer-compatible tape, the data are transferred to a computer in natural language for screening, error detection, and word storage. Information stored in the computer may be retrieved by either video or typewriter terminal. There are many programming capabilities. The cost is approximately $0.25 per document within the Radiology Department plus $1.15 within the Computer Center proper.

A Paper Tape Controlled X-Ray Diffractometer for the Measurement of Retained Austenite

The instrumentation and software for performing X-ray intensity measurements with a paper tape controlled diffractometer are described. The hardware includes two addressable axis positioners which control Slo-Syn stepping motors on the 2θ and ω) axes of the diffractometer, an addressable scaler-timer, a multiaxis programmer and a Teletype, in addition to the normal counting electronics. This system may be manually controlled with front panel switches or with instructions entered on the Teletype. In the automatic off-line mode instructions for motor speed, motor direction, starting angle, final angle, angular increment and scaler preset (time or counts) punched on paper tape are read and executed in sequence. A Teletype output of 2θ and ω angles, time and counts is obtained at each step. This off-line system was used for the measurement of austenite in H12 hot work die steel austenitized at various conditions and which contained a maximum of 13% austenite. A helium chamber was used to extend the limit of detection to 0.4% austenite. The X-ray analysis involved measuring the areas of the (200) austenite diffraction line and the (200) martensite line. For each of these lines, the system was programmed to integrate the counts over angular intervals corresponding to a low-angle background, the peak and a high-angle background using the ability of the axis positioner to stop the scaler-timer at the end of each angular interval. The additional capability of slewing rapidly between the various diffraction lines reduced the time required for automatic data collection. The present off-line system can be used to simplify other types of X-ray diffraction analysis such as residual stress and microstrain/particle size determinations, since the manual data handling can be eliminated with the computer compatible punched paper tape output. Future development of this instrumentation includes direct computer control of the diffractometer and computerized data reduction, with the advantage of a paper tape back-up system.

An Automated Parsing Routine for Diagnostic Statements of Surgical Pathology Reports

An automated parsing routine was written for extracting the »site«, »diagnostic«, and »modifier« components of the diagnostic statements of the diagnostic summary of surgical pathology reports. Such parsed reports appear to be suitable for input into an information retrieval system for the surgical pathology reports.Data was input through a key-to-tape device producing a computer compatible magnetic tape with a record size of 870 bytes. The statements were parsed through syntactic and morphological analysis utilizing the common prepositions, the common punctuations and the morphemal constructions common in medical terms. (A total of sixty-two delimiters were used). Certain suffix transformations were performed, converting some »site« adjective to »site« nouns, and some »diagnostic« nouns to »site« nouns. 1,108 diagnostic statements were processed with an error rate of 9.3% for the latest version on the last 493 statements.

A multi-channel digital event-recorder for field applications

The instrument described is intended primarily for the long-term unattended recording of hydrometeorological data on a medium suitable for immediate input to a digital computer. It records the occurrence of `events', in relation to time, on computer-compatible punched tape. These events may be, for example, the registration of 0·01 in rainfall or a rise of 0·01 ft in stream level. Examples of the transducers necessary to provide the required incremental inputs to the recorder are briefly described.

Application of Magnetic Tapes to Well Logging

Abstract This paper presents applications for well logs recorded on magnetic tape. When using high-speed, general- purpose computers, a rapid input saves time and money. The computer-compatible magnetic tape produced by this system makes this possible. Digital tape format and the merging of data on the tape from multiple logging runs are discussed. Examples are given for a specific interpretation program to illustrate that the computer can systematically select data from, and perform many complex interpretations with, magnetic tape. Some programs are also available for continuous (i.e., foot-by-foot) computation of tape logs. Example of computed logs include those derived from a special lithology and gas-saturation program which uses density and neutron logs. Introduction Recording well logs on magnetic tape enables new and more complete uses of log data. For years, well logs have offered considerably more information than could practicably be used by analysts. Now, with digital recording of the data on magnetic tape, automatic computers rapidly perform computations required for thorough studies. Relieved of tedious routine, the log analyst can concentrate his attention on interpretation. Processing log data with high-speed electronic computers is not new. Many papers have detailed specific applications. The labor-saving capabilities, speed and operational accuracy of computers are well recognized. However, computer applications have been limited by the lack of compatible input data because conversion of data from optical film records to a form suitable for machine input is time-consuming. Thus, processing by computers has been restricted for the most part to selected log intervals in a limited number of wells. The vast capabilities of automatic computers have not yet been exploited. During recent years there has been considerable speculation on what might be done if well logs were recorded on computer-compatible magnetic tape. Of the various computer input media, magnetic tape is the fastest and most efficient. Digital magnetic tape recording of dipmeter data has been offered commercially since 1961. Now, magnetic tapes of other logs can be recorded. A truck-mounted, recorder-computer system produces magnetic tapes in computer-compatible format at the same time the customary optical records are run. The tapes thus obtained appreciably extend well log applications through the use of office-base computers. In addition to producing magnetic tapes, this versatile system incorporates facilities for wellsite merging and computation of data from separately recorded surveys. The system thus enables immediate recording of a variety of quick look logs that provide a more thorough and more accurate reconnaissance of the penetrated formations than is feasible with only the basic logs. The system offers flexibility both in the type of computations that can be performed and in the presentation of results. Major benefits obtained through use of computers are the saving of time and the ability to use the logging information more comprehensively than by manual method. Decisions can thus be reached in less time, and with more confidence because they are based on more data. This paper presents various applications of the digital magnetic tapes in high-speed electronic computers and reviews briefly the characteristics of the system for recording the tapes. Recorder-Computer System A recorder-computer system is now being used to record well logs in digital form on magnetic tape at the same time the regular film log is run. The format used for recording on tape is such that the tape is usable directly at the input of most digital computers. (How this is accomplished is described in the section, Log Data Processing Center.)Data are grouped into contiguous frames, each of which normally represents 6 in. of formation and contain 12 words. Thus, successive words represent 1/2-in. of cable movement. The first word of each frame is reserved for depth, which is recorded every 10 ft. The remaining 11 words are available for recording 11 different logging signals. JPT P. 687ˆ