Computer-based Program Research Articles

Randomized Trial of a Single-Session Growth Mind-Set Intervention for Rural Adolescents’ Internalizing and Externalizing Problems

Adolescents living in rural regions of the United States face substantial barriers to accessing mental health services, creating needs for more accessible, nonstigmatizing, briefer interventions. Research suggests that single-session “growth mind-set” interventions (GM-SSIs)—which teach the belief that personal traits are malleable through effort—may reduce internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescents. However, GM-SSIs have not been evaluated among rural youth, and their effects on internalizing and externalizing problems have not been assessed within a single trial, rendering their relative benefits for different problem types unclear. We examined whether a computerized GM-SSI could reduce depressive symptoms, social anxiety symptoms, and conduct problems in female adolescents from rural areas of the United States. Tenth-grade female adolescents (N = 222, M age = 15.2, 38% White, 25% Black, 29% Hispanic) from 4 rural, low-income high schools in the southeastern United States were randomized to receive a 45-min GM-SSI or a computer-based active control program, teaching healthy sexual behaviors. Young women self-reported depression symptoms, social anxiety symptoms, and conduct problem behaviors at baseline and 4-month follow-up. Relative to the female students in the control group, the students receiving the GM-SSI reported modest but significantly greater reductions in depressive symptoms (d= .23) and likelihood of reporting elevated depressive symptoms (d= .29) from baseline to follow-up. GM-SSI effects were nonsignificant for social anxiety symptoms, although a small effect size emerged in the hypothesized direction (d= .21), and nonsignificant for change in conduct problems (d= .01). A free-of-charge 45-min GM-SSI may help reduce internalizing distress, especially depression—but not conduct problems—in rural female adolescents.

Late Cognitive Impairment After Coronary Bypass Graft Surgery: Opportunities in Rehabilitation with the Use of Computer-Based Training

Abstract In spite of recent significant advances in reduction of mortality and disability, coronary heart disease (CHD) remains widespread both in Russia and around the world. Coronary bypass graft surgery (CABG) has proved to be the most effective method of CHD treatment, providing that conservative therapy is not effective enough. The aim of the present study was to reveal and correct postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), developed under the conditions of cardiopulmonary bypass (CB) in patients with CHD within 12 months after CABG. A total of 87 patients were examined, all the patients underwent a course of drug therapy, 50 patients underwent a course of rehabilitation using computer-based stimulation programmes (once per day for 20 minutes within 10 days) in addition to medical therapy. A reliable improvement in results of the conducted research suggests that the proposed method provides safety and high performance in cognitive rehabilitation of patients with impairments of the higher brain functions after CABG. A relatively short course of rehabilitation (10 days) corresponded to the length of hospital stay of patients in the cardiac unit. However, even in such a short course we could obtain significant advantage in terms of efficiency of higher cortical functions recovery. Therefore, a course of rehabilitation using computer-based stimulation programmes in patients with coronary heart disease after CABG was proved to be an effective way of correcting cognitive function.

The Number Race – computer-assisted intervention for mathematically low-performing first graders

ABSTRACT This manuscript presents a study in which the new version of the computer-based training programme, The Number Race (NR), was used as an intervention for mathematically low-performing children in grade one (Mag e = 86.46, SD = 3.89). In addition to ordinary teacher instruction in mathematics, the intervention group (n = 29) received NR training for 15-minute sessions, 3–4 days per week, during a four-week period. One comparison group comprising mathematically low-performing children (n = 27) and another comprising average-performing children (n = 278) received only ordinary teacher instruction in mathematics during this period. The children’s mathematical skills (e.g. counting and basic arithmetic skills) were measured three times during grade one, using three parallel tests. The grouping was based on the first assessment, using the lowest 20th percentile as the cut-off point in the test. The NR intervention took place between the second and third assessments. There was no statistically significant NR intervention effect found in this study.

Effects of 'The Vicious Worm' educational tool on Taenia solium knowledge retention in Zambian primary school students after one year.

BackgroundTaenia solium is a neglected zoonotic parasite endemic throughout many low-income countries worldwide, including Zambia, where it causes human and pig diseases with high health and socioeconomic burdens. Lack of knowledge is a recognized risk factor, and consequently targeted health educational programs can decrease parasite transmission and disease occurrence in endemic areas. Preliminary assessment of the computer-based education program ‘The Vicious Worm’ in rural areas of eastern Zambia indicated that it was effective at increasing knowledge of T. solium in primary school students. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of ‘The Vicious Worm’ on knowledge retention by re-assessing the same primary school students one year after the initial education workshops.Methodology/Principal findingsFollow-up questionnaires were administered in the original three primary schools in eastern Zambia in 2017, 12 months after the original workshops. In total, 86 pupils participated in the follow-up sessions, representing 87% of the initial workshop respondents. Knowledge of T. solium at ‘follow-up’ was significantly higher than at the initial ‘pre’ questionnaire administered during the Vicious Worm workshop that took place one year earlier. While some specifics of the parasite’s life cycle were not completely understood, the key messages for disease prevention, such as the importance of hand washing and properly cooking pork, remained well understood by the students, even one year later.Conclusions/SignificanceResults of this study indicate that ‘The Vicious Worm’ may be an effective tool for both short- and long-term T. solium education of rural primary school students in Zambia. Inclusion of educational workshops using ‘The Vicious Worm’ could be recommended for integrated cysticercosis control/elimination programs in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly if the content is simplified to focus on the key messages for prevention of disease transmission.

Enhancing creativity through aesthetics-integrated computer-based training: The effectiveness of a FACE approach and exploration of moderators

The majority of creativity enrichment research has focused on creative skills pertaining to originality which is assessed by divergent thinking tests. This study aimed to explore a new-paradigm for creativity enhancement—improving creativity through the FACE (Feedback, Aesthetic experience, Creative design, and Evaluation of designed products) computer-based training program in which aesthetic experience and 3-D creative design were incorporated. Moreover, possible moderators such as emotional creativity (EC) and desire for aesthetics (DA) were investigated during the training. In concurrence with these endeavors, 76 college students participated in a control-group experimental design study investigating the effectiveness of the FACE training; it was invented to promote cognitive aesthetic enhancement and improve creative performance on a 3-D coffee shop design. In addition, inventories regarding emotional creativity (EC) and desire for aesthetics (DA) were employed. The findings suggest that the employed training program enhanced college students’ aesthetic understanding, and further improved their creativity through both conscious and unconscious processes. Notably, training that included constructive feedback led to better learning effects than the condition that included informational feedback. Furthermore, emotional creativity (EC) and desire for aesthetics (DA) played moderating roles during the learning process of creativity. This study provides a new archetype for improving creativity and the results support the possibility and importance of integrating aesthetics and creativity enhancement in computer based learning systems for modern educational methods.

Evaluation of the Computer-Based Intervention Program Stayingfit Brazil to Promote Healthy Eating Habits: The Results from a School Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.

Interventions via the Internet are promising regarding the promotion of healthy habits among youth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of an adapted version of StayingFit to promote healthy eating habits and the measurement adequacy of anthropometric markers among adolescents. A web school-based 12-month cluster-randomized controlled trial examining 7th to 9th grade students was conducted in twelve schools in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The schools’ students were randomly distributed into the intervention and control groups. The intervention group participated in StayingFit, an online program designed to encourage and guide healthy eating habits and control body weight. Data on food consumption, anthropometry, physical activity level, and sedentary behavior were collected from all of the students at the beginning of and after the 12-month study. Demographic and socioeconomic data were collected at baseline. The baseline data indicated high rates of overweight (14.4% overweight and 8.5% obese), insufficiently active (87.6%), and sedentary (63.7%). Furthermore, few adolescents regularly consumed fruits (18.8%) and vegetables/legumes (16.4%). Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used to evaluate the effect of the intervention. At the end of the follow-up period, students in the intervention group had a 43% increased chance of regularly consuming beans (OR = 1.43, 95% CIs = 1.10–1.86) and a 35% decreased chance of regularly consuming soft drinks (OR = 0.65, 95% CIs = 0.50–0.84). No differences were found between the groups studied with regard to the anthropometric parameters. Despite these modest results, the implementation of a web intervention can be beneficial and help promote positive changes in adolescent eating habits.Trial RegistrationBrazilian Registry of Clinical Trials RBR-7qgnbn.

Psychological therapies (remotely delivered) for the management of chronic and recurrent pain in children and adolescents

Background Chronic pain is common during childhood and adolescence and is associated with negative outcomes such as increased severity of pain, reduced function (e.g. missing school), and low mood (e.g. high levels of depression and anxiety). Psychological therapies, traditionally delivered face-to-face with a therapist, are efficacious at reducing pain intensity and disability. However, new and innovative technology is being used to deliver these psychological therapies remotely, meaning barriers to access to treatment such as distance and cost can be removed or reduced. Therapies delivered with technological devices, such as the Internet, computer-based programmes, smartphone applications, or via the telephone, can be used to deliver treatment to children and adolescents with chronic pain.

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN DENGAN BRANCHING PROGRAM BERBASIS KOMPUTER

The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether learning media with a computer-based branching program can improve learning outcome on Digital System Design course or not. IDI (Instruksional Development Institute) Reseacrh and Development (R&D) has been applied to develop program and to evaluate the effectiveness of learning media with a computer-based program branching on Digital System Design course. There are three stages in this research, defining, developing, and evaluating. Content validity of learning media with a computer-based program branching was found highly valid. Based on the learning outcomes, the effectiveness of learning media was found effective. More over,based on the teachers and the students response, itwas found that the learning media was found very highly practical. Based on the data analysis, it was found that learning media with a computer-based branchingprogram can improve the students' learning outcome on Digital System Design course.

Evaluation of a Computer-Based HIV Education Program for Adults Living with HIV.

This study evaluated a computer-delivered HIV and antiretroviral treatment education program in adults (N = 102) living with detectable HIV viral loads (> 200 copies/mL). The self-paced program provided immediate feedback for responses and financial incentives for responding correctly. The program was divided into three courses and a test of content from all three courses was delivered before and after participants completed each course. Test scores on the content delivered in Courses 1, 2 and 3 improved only after participants completed training on the relevant course. Initial test scores were positively correlated with health literacy and academic achievement; were negatively correlated with viral load; and were lowest for participants living in poverty. Education, academic achievement, and health literacy were related to how much participants learned following each course. Computer-based education is a convenient, effective approach to promoting an understanding of HIV and its treatment.

Identification of CD4 and H-2Kd-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes on the human herpesvirus 6B glycoprotein Q1 protein

The identification of Human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) epitopes that are recognized by T-cells could contribute to the development of potential vaccines and immunotherapies. Here, we identified CD4+ and H-2Kd-restricted CD8+ T-cell epitopes on the glycoprotein Q1 of HHV-6B (BgQ1), which is a unique glycoprotein and essential for HHV-6B viral entry, by using in vivo electroporation with a plasmid DNA encoding BgQ1, overlapping peptides spanning the BgQ1 sequence, ELISPOT assay for quantification of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), and computer-based T-cell epitope prediction programs. The CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell epitopes identified in BALB/c mice in this study could be a good animal model system for use in the development of T-cell responses, inducing HHV-6B vaccines or immunotherapies.

Use of a tablet computer application to engage patients in updating their medication list.

Failure to obtain an accurate medication history can adversely affect patient care in the emergency department (ED) and propagate errors into the inpatient and outpatient settings. Obtaining an accurate medication history in the ED is challenging, however, due to limited time, a suboptimal environment for patient interaction, and inadequate information in the electronic health record (EHR). This article describes the development and initial evaluation of the PictureRx Medication History Application, a tablet computer-based program that queries patients' prescription fill data from the Surescripts Medication History service and renders it graphically for review and editing at the point of care. A quasi-experimental trial of PictureRx was performed in a large academic ED. Adult patients taking at least 1 prescription medication were prospectively eligible for the intervention. Usual care control patients were retrospectively matched 1:1. The main outcomes were updates to the patients' existing pre-visit medication list in the EHR and patient perceptions of the application. The medication list was updated for 101/244 (41.4%) of the intervention group and for 43/244 (17.6%) of the control group (difference 23.8%, 95% confidence interval, 16.0-31.6%). Similar differences were observed for medication additions, removals, and corrections in dose. Approximately 80% of intervention patients "strongly agreed" that the application was easy to use, aided medication list accuracy, and the graphical features assisted with recall. A novel tablet computer-based medication history application was feasible to implement in a busy academic ED. Use of the tool was associated with more updates to patients' EHR medication list.

Adherence to Behavioral Therapy for Migraine: Knowledge to Date, Mechanisms for Assessing Adherence, and Methods for Improving Adherence.

In other disease states, adherence to behavioral therapies has gained attention, with a greater amount of studies discussing, defining, and optimizing adherence. For example, a meta-analysis formally discussed adherence in 25 studies of CBT for 11 different disorders, with only 6 of the 25 omitting addressing or defining adherence. Many studies have discussed the use of text messages, graph-based adherence rates, and email/telephone reminders to improve adherence. This paper examined the available literature regarding adherence to behavioral therapy for migraine as well as adherence to similar therapies in other disease states. The goal of this research is to apply lessons learned from adherence to behavioral therapy for other diseases in better understanding how we can improve adherence to behavioral therapy for migraine. Treatment for migraine typically includes both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapies, including progressive muscle relaxation (PMR), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and biofeedback. Behavioral therapies have been shown to significantly reduce headache frequency and intensity, but high attrition rates and suboptimal adherence can undermine their efficacy. Traditionally, adherence to behavioral therapy has been defined by self-report, including paper headache diaries and assignments. In person attendance has also been employed as a method of defining and monitoring adherence. With the advent of personal electronics, measurements of adherence have shifted to include electronic-based methods such as computer-based programs and mobile-based therapies. Furthermore, some studies have taken advantage of electronic methods such as email reminders, push notifications, and other mobile-based reminders to optimize adherence. The JITA-I, a novel method of engaging individual patient adherence, has also been suggested as a possible method to improve adherence by tailoring engagement with a mobile health app-based on patient input. These novel methods may be utilized in behavioral therapy for migraine for further optimizing adherence. Few intervention studies to date have addressed the optimal ways to impact adherence to migraine behavioral therapy. Further research is required regarding adherence with behavioral therapies, specifically via mobile health interventions to better understand how to define and improve adherence via this novel forum. Once we are able to understand optimal methods of tracking adherence, we will be better equipped to understand the role of adherence in shaping outcomes for behavioral therapy in migraine.

Evaluation of Malocclusion Pattern among Orthodontic Patients in Basrah City, Iraq

Background: Malocclusion is defined as an irregularity or malalignment of the teeth or a malrelationship of the dental arches beyond the range of what is considered normal. Although the malocclusion is not considered a life-threatening condition, most of the focus in recent year was laid upon the development of orofacial disorders and treatment of resulting malocclusions and the seeking for orthodontic treatment is increasing in most countries to enhance the facial beauty and improve the facial appearance. The aim of current study was to evaluate the pattern of malocclusion among orthodontic patients attending the orthodontic clinic at College of Dentistry in Basra city, Iraq. Method: This study was based on clinical examination of 100 patients (46 males and 54 females) attending the orthodontic clinic with age range (4-30) years. Dental examination was done by an orthodontist. The measured parameters were recorded and analyzed using computer-based program (SPSS software, version 23). Results: According to the statistical analysis, class I malocclusion was the most prevalent type (55%) followed by class II (39%) and class III malocclusion (6%). Other occlusal traits included increased overjet (46%), normal overbite (55%), crossbite (23%) and scissor bite (1%), crowding and spacing (12% for each one). Chi-squared test showed a significant association between malocclusion and age, and a non-significant association between malocclusion and gender and decayed teeth. Conclusion: Class I malocclusion was the most prevalent type of malocclusion, while class III was the least prevalent type. There is significant association between the malocclusion and age.

A Systematic Study of Computer-Based Driving Intervention Program for Elderly Drivers

A Systematic Study of Computer-Based Driving Intervention Program for Elderly Drivers

Лингвоакустические ресурсы как основной компонент компьютерных обучающих языковых программ: новое в обучении иностранному языку

Лингвоакустические ресурсы как основной компонент компьютерных обучающих языковых программ: новое в обучении иностранному языку

Oral presentationsSystematic review of the factors associated with health behaviours related to obesity among refugee childrenPreliminary development of quality of life scales for children and adults with Niemann-Pick Type CThe diversity of diabetes-related self-monitoring and problem-solving practices across health literacy levels: An interview studyResilience as a predictor of burnout, depression and hope among medical studentsThe lived experience of parents with

In order of first author surname

Auditory temporal resolution in adaptive tasks. Gap detection investigation.

Objectives:To study auditory temporal resolution skills using adaptive auditory tasks designed with a computer-based experimental program, and to provide normative values for gap detection thresholds (GDTs) of young listeners in 3 listening conditions.Methods:The GDTs were established under 3 stimulus conditions: 1) broadband noise (BBN), 2) narrowband noise within-channel (NBN WC) using similar leading and trailing markers centered at 1.0 KHz, and 3) narrowband noise across-channel (NBN AC) with the leading marker centered at 2.0 KHz and the trailing marker centered at 1.0 KHz. In within-subjects design, the GDTs were obtained from 27 normal hearing young Saudi adults at Speech and Hearing Laboratories, Department of Rehabilitation Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between April 2017 and April 2018.Results:The mean GDTs for the BBN condition was 3.19 millisecsond (msec), NBN WC was 14.53 msec, and NBN AC was 29.71 msec. Our findings for the GDTs measured in the 3 conditions were consistent with those of earlier investigations that used different instrumentations. Also, no correlations among the GDTs of the 3 stimulus conditions were found.Conclusion:The present study showed that experimental program is a reliable tool with clinical potential to estimate GDTs across different conditions. Also, the findings of no correlations in the GDTs across stimulus conditions suggest that different processes were involved in the perception of the temporal gap for different stimulus conditions.

Larry Nagel: The Early Bell Labs Years

Believe it or not, there were digital computer-based circuit simulation programs before SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis). In the mid-1960s, I was assigned to design a pair of junction field-effect transistor (JFET)-based voltage-variable attenuators for the Bell System 4G Speakerphone. The loss versus voltage curves of these two circuits were to be complementary: as the loss of one circuit increased, the loss of the other decreased, and close tracking was essential. Our primitive technology dictated that all JFET gates had to be connected together. One of the circuits looked like Figure 1.

KIRŞEHİR İLİNDE ÇALIŞAN KADINLARIN EVLİLİK VE BOŞANMA KONULARINA BAKIŞI

Changes and transformations observed in social institutions have also affected family, called the cornerstone of society. Most especially, women’s taking more part in working life there has been a change in gender roles. Working women share their husbands’ role to earn their keeps in addition to their care for house, husband and children. However, this situation has not affected the way women perceive their roles and duties. Moreover, the women’s understanding of gender roles also affect the way they see marriage and divorce. Therefore working and married women’s view of marriage and divorce is studied in this paper. In this context, indebt interview technique, a qualitative research technique, is applied and 24 married women working in different jobs living in Kirsehir are interviewed. Data obtained after in-debt interviews with the participant who were reached via snow-ball sampling technique were analyzed with computer-based program Maxqda 2018.02 program. As a result, it is found out that there are two groups of women which includes equalitarian women who think that men and women should share roles and duties in the family and women interiorize traditional gender roles. And concordantly it is seen that the views of both groups on marriage and divorce become different.

Effects of Korean Computer-Based Cognitive Rehabilitation Program on the Memory in Healthy Elderly

The number of healthy older adults is rapidly increasing recently owing to the increase of the elderly population. Therefore, programs for improving the cognitive functions of these healthy seniors are actively being expanded. This study aimed to prevent the decline of cognitive function due to aging by applying a program enhancing cognitive functions to healthy older adults. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Korean computer-based cognitive rehabilitation program (CoTras), which is commonly used in cognitive therapy for the aging, on the memory of the elderly. The subjects had scored at least 24 points in MMSE-K. CoTras was applied once a week (30 minutes) for one month. Electronic pegboard programs were used as an evaluation tool: order memory (difficulty=low) and location memory (difficulty=medium). The order and location memories were compared before and after the intervention. The Wilcoxon signed rank-sum test was used for the study at the significance level of α=.05. The results showed that CoTras significantly improved order memory and location memory. Therefore, CoTras can be applied to the healthy elderly for improving that memory improvement training has a positive impact on healthy older adults result in the development of memory enhancement programs can be expanded in the future.