Computer Assistance Research Articles

Multi-UAV-Enabled Mobile-Edge Computing for Time-Constrained IoT Applications

Unmanned-aerial-vehicle (UAV)-enabled mobile-edge computing (MEC) has emerged as a promising paradigm to extend the coverage of computation service for Internet of Things (IoT) applications, which are usually time sensitive and computation intensive. In this article, a novel design framework is proposed for a multi-UAV-enabled MEC system, where edge servers are equipped on multiple UAVs to provide flexible computation assistance to IoT devices with hard deadlines. The aim is to maximize the number of served IoT devices through jointly optimizing UAV trajectory and service indicator as well as resource allocation and computation offloading, where the chosen IoT devices will complete their computation tasks on time under given energy budgets and co-channel interference is taken into account. We formulate the optimization problem as a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP), which is challenging to solve directly. The problem is first reformulated to a more mathematically tractable form by adding a penalty term to the objective function. We then decouple the problem into two subproblems and develop an iterative algorithm by solving the two subproblems with alternating optimization and successive convex approximation techniques, where the proposed algorithm converges to a Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) solution. In addition, an efficient initialization scheme is proposed based on multiple traveling salesman problem with time windows (m-TSPTWs) method. Finally, simulation results are provided to demonstrate that the proposed joint design achieves significant performance gains over baseline schemes.

A Voice Communication-Augmented Simulation Framework for Aircraft Trajectory Simulation

Aircraft operations in the terminal area rely heavily on voice communications between pilots and air traffic controllers. This paper proposes a novel aircraft trajectory simulation framework by guiding the trajectory simulation following the voice command from controllers. Bayesian model selection is used for checking pilot compliances to controller commands with observed trajectories. This framework is named as Voice Communication-Augmented Simulation. The goal of the proposed study is to enable accurate trajectory predictions. The framework can act as a computer assistant for controllers to monitor pilot compliances and ensure safe operations. The proposed method is tested and validated with actual trajectory data from Sherlock Data Warehouse. The tests showed that the proposed framework can accurately simulate and monitor the flight level change of aircraft and update the approach procedure.

Computer-assisted surgical planning of complex bone tumor resections improves negative margin outcomes in a sawbones model.

Several technologies have been implemented in orthopedic surgery to improve surgical outcomes, usually focusing on more accurate execution of a surgical plan, but the development of the plan itself is also of great importance. The purpose of this study is to examine whether the use of preoperative computer planning platforms can improve the surgical plan? Eight surgeons created a preoperative surgical plan to resect a distal femur parosteal osteosarcoma in two settings: (1) Using a 2-D and 3-D CT scan only (current standard); and (2) using a computer-assisted planning platform. The plans were thereafter virtually executed using a novel surgical navigation system and a Sawbones model. This simulated model was derived from, and identical to, an actual patient scenario. The outcomes of interest were the number of positive margin cuts, and the volume of the resected specimen. Using the surgical plan developed with computer assistance, there were 4 positive margin cuts made by 2 surgeons. In comparison, using standard planning, there were 14 positive margin cuts made by all 8 surgeons (p = 0.02). The resection volume was larger in the computer-assisted plans (96 ± 10 mm3) than in the standard plans (88 ± 7 mm3) (p = 0.055). Computer-assisted planning significantly decreased the risk of a positive margin resection in this Sawbones tumor model used to simulate resection of a primary bone sarcoma. This proof of concept study highlights the importance of advanced surgical planning and sets the ground for developing beneficial surgical planning systems.

Clinical Faceoff: The Complex Tibial Plafond Fracture: ORIF or Circular External Fixation?

Clinical Faceoff: The Complex Tibial Plafond Fracture: ORIF or Circular External Fixation?

Performance of an artificial intelligence tool with real-time clinical workflow integration - Detection of intracranial hemorrhage and pulmonary embolism.

Performance of an artificial intelligence tool with real-time clinical workflow integration - Detection of intracranial hemorrhage and pulmonary embolism.

Retraction

Gao, F, Zhao, N, Li, X. . J Comput Assist Learn. 2020; 36: 898–908. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12443The above article from Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, published online on May 11, 2020 in Wiley Online Library (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor in Chief, Prof Paul A. Kirschner and John Wiley and Sons Ltd. The retraction has been agreed due to unattributed overlap between this article and the following article published in Interactive Learning Environments, “Examining student learning and perceptions in social annotation‐based translation activities” by Na Zhao, Fei Gao & Dazhi Yang (2018), 26:7, 958–969.

PENGEMBANGAN MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF BERBASIS COMPUTER ASSISTED INSTRUCTION (CAI) PADA MATA PELAJARAN AKUNTANSI PERBANKAN SYARIAH

The learning paradigm in Indonesia continues to experience shifts to improve the quality and relevance of education. To realize the learning paradigm that currently applies, the government as a central institution seeks to perfect the curriculum. The current education curriculum in Indonesia is the 2013 curriculum. Learning in the 2013 curriculum uses a scientific approach to improve student activity and interactivity. I nteractive multimedia based on Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) one of the learning media that can increase the activeness and interactivity of students, so that learning becomes more effective and efficient . The drill and practice format on CAI is suitable for subjects that require an understanding of concepts and mastery of skills such as Syariah Banking Accounting. The purpose of this research is to analyze the development process, the feasibility, and the responses of students to interactive multimedia based on the Computer Assister Instruction (CAI) in Syariah Banking Accounting. This type of research is a research and development with the ADDIE development model of Reiser and Mollenda which consists of five stages including analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The results showed the average percentage obtained from the validation of material experts by 86,56% with the criteria “very feasible ”, evaluation experts by 87,22% with the criteria “very feasible ”, media experts by 93,52% with the criteria “very feasible ”, and the response of students by 97,21% with the criteria “very good ”. The overall results of the validation of the experts and the response of students obtained an average percentage of 91,13% so it can be concluded that the interactive multimedia that was developed is very feasible to use in learning and get a very good response from students. Keywords : interactive multimedia, Computer Assisted Instruction ( CAI), Syariah Banking Accountin g

Evaluating Human-Computer Co-creative Processes in Music: A Case Study on the CHAMELEON Melodic Harmonizer.

CHAMELEON is a computational melodic harmonization assistant. It can harmonize a given melody according to a number of independent harmonic idioms or blends between idioms based on principles of conceptual blending theory. Thus, the system is capable of offering a wealth of possible solutions and viewpoints for melodic harmonization. This study investigates how human creativity may be influenced by the use of CHAMELEON in a melodic harmonization task. Professional and novice music composers participated in an experiment where they were asked to harmonize two similar melodies under two different conditions: one with and one without computational support. A control group harmonized both melodies without computational assistance. The influence of the system was examined both behaviorally, by comparing metrics of user-experience, and in terms of the properties of the artifacts (i.e., pitch class distribution and number of chord types characterizing each harmonization) that were created between the two experimental conditions. Results suggest that appreciation of the system was expertise-dependent (i.e., novices appreciated the computational support more than professionals). At the same time, users seemed to adopt more explorative strategies as a result of interaction with CHAMELEON based on the fact that the harmonizations created this way were more complex, diverse, and unexpected in comparison to the ones of the control group.

Natural Product Synthesis through the Lens of Informatics.

Retrosynthetic analysis emerged in the 1960s as a teaching tool with profound implications. Its educational value can be appreciated by a glance at total synthesis manuscripts over 50 years later, most of which contain a retrosynthesis on page one. Its vision extended to computer language-a pioneering idea in the 20th century that continues to expand the frontiers today. The same principles that guide a student to evaluate, expand, and refine a series of bond dissections can be programmed, so that computer assistance can perform the same tasks but at faster speeds.The slow step in the synthesis of complex structures, however, is seldom route design. Compression of molecular information into close proximity (Cm/Å3) requires exploration and empiricism, a close connection between theory and experiment. Here, retrosynthetic analysis guides the choice of experiment, so that the most simplifying-but often least assured-disconnection is prioritized: a high-risk, high reward strategy. The reimagining of total synthesis in a future era of retrosynthetic software may involve, counterintuitively, target design, as discussed here.Compared to the 1960s, retrosynthetic analysis in the 21st century finds itself among computers of unimaginable power and a biology that is increasingly molecular. Put together, the logic of retrosynthesis, the insight of structural biology, and the predictions of computation have inspired us to imagine an integration of the three. The synthetic target is treated as dynamic-a constellation of related structures-in order to find the nearest congener with the closest affinity but the shortest synthetic route. Such an approach merges synthetic design with structural design toward the goal of improved access for improved function.In this Account, we detail the evolution of our program from its inception in traditional natural product (NP) total synthesis to its current expression through the lens of chemical informatics: a view of NPs as aggregates of molecular parameters that define single points in a chemical space. Early work on synthesis and biological annotation of apparent metal pool binders and nonselective covalent electrophiles (asmarine alkaloids, isocyanoterpenes, Nuphar dimers) gave way to NPs with well-defined protein targets. The plant metabolite salvinorin A (SalA) potently and selectively agonizes the κ-opioid receptor (KOR), rapidly penetrates the brain, and represents an important lead for next-generation analgesics and antipruritics. To synthesize and diversify this lead, we adopted what we now call a dynamic approach. Deletion of a central methyl group stabilized the SalA scaffold, opened quick synthetic access, and retained high potency and selectivity. The generality of this idea was then tested against another neuroactive class. As an alternative hypothesis to TrkB channels, we proposed that the so-called "neurotrophic" Illicium terpenes may bind to γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated ion channels to cause weak, chronic excitation. Syntheses of (-)-jiadifenolide, 3,6-dideoxy-10-hydroxypseudoanisatin, (-)-11-O-debenzoyltashironin, (-)-bilobalide, and (-)-picrotoxinin (PXN) allowed this hypothesis to be probed more broadly. Feedback from protein structure and synthetic reconnaissance led to a dynamic retrosynthesis of PXN and the identification of 5MePXN, a moderate GABAAR antagonist with greater aqueous stability available in eight steps from dimethylcarvone. We expect this dynamic approach to synthetic target analysis to become more feasible in the coming years and hope the next generation of scientists finds this approach helpful to address problems at the frontier of chemistry and biology.

Abdominal paragonimiasis after consumption of wild boar meat

A 60-year-old man presented with a 10-day history of abdominal and back pain. Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed an intraperitoneal abscess (Figure 1). Antibiotic therapy with flomoxef resulted in reduced size but not the total disappearance of the abscess. Laparoscopic surgery was performed. In addition to the mass-like structure in the greater omentum (Figure 2A), numerous white nodules were found on the peritoneum (Figure 2B). Pathological examination showed granulomatous inflammation around parasite eggs (Figure 2C and D). The patient had eaten raw wild boar meat 7 months ago. Total serum immunoglobulin E was elevated (433.9 IU/mL), but total white blood cell and eosinophil counts were within the reference intervals. Serological examination revealed a positive reaction to Paragonimus antigens. A diagnosis of abdominal paragonimiasis was made. The patient’s symptoms resolved after the surgery. Praziquantel (75 mg/kg/daily for 3 consecutive days) was administered postoperatively. The patient has been free from symptoms for 3 months of follow-up.Figure 2Laparoscopic view of a mass-like structure (main lesion) with the long diameter of about 30 mm in the greater omentum (A), with white nodules (∼1 mm in diameter) observed on the surface of the peritoneum (B); low-power (C) and high-power (D) microscopic views of the main lesion containing parasite eggs (78 × 49 μm in average size) (Hematoxylin & eosin staining; scale bars: 500 and 50 μm, respectively).View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT) Although the adult Paragonimus primarily inhabits the lung, it may also reach various ectopic sites, including the greater omentum (Jeong et al., 2002Jeong W.K. Kim Y. Kim Y.S. Park D.W. Park C.K. Baek H.K. et al.Heterotopic paragonimiasis in the omentum.J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2002; 26: 1019-1021Crossref PubMed Scopus (10) Google Scholar), and cause extrapulmonary paragonimiasis. Wild boar meat is 1 of 2 major food sources of infection, as in this case, the other is freshwater crabs in Japan (Nagayasu et al., 2015Nagayasu E. Yoshida A. Hombu A. Horii Y. Maruyama H. Paragonimiasis in Japan: a twelve-year retrospective case review (2001-2012).Intern Med. 2015; 54: 179-186Crossref PubMed Scopus (46) Google Scholar). On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Effectiveness of using computer aided detection based on convolutional neural network for screening microcalcification On USG Mammae

Breast cancer is a very common cancer in women, affects millions of women each year, and is also one of the leading causes of cancer deaths among women. Early-stage cancer detection can reduce breast cancer mortality significantly in the long term. Breast ultrasound is a cost-effective and widely available screening tool. Breast ultrasound can be used for women who are at high risk of developing breast cancer but cannot undergo MRI examinations or for pregnant women who should not be exposed to X-rays, and also for women who have dense breast tissue. Although ultrasound is considered to be used for breast screening, its use is highly dependent on the doctor’s experience in reading the images. Therefore, to diagnose breast cancer using ultrasound images automatically can use computer assistance, namely Computer-Aided Detection (CADe). This study discusses a deep learning-based CADe system, namely the convolutional neural network (CNN), CNN is desired to evaluate several ultrasound images to make a microcalcification diagnosis. Microcalcifications are fine white spots, similar to grains of salt. They are not usually cancer, but certain patterns can be an early sign of cancer. Detecting microcalcification using CNN can be used as a routine breast screening, which can help doctors find signs of breast cancer earlier than is currently possible. The best MSE(Mean Squared error) loss value obtained is achieved at 0.24 with an accuracy of 0.76.

Knee Prosthesis in the Computer Era.

Over the past two decades, computer assistance has revolutionalized surgery and has enabled enormous advancements in knee prosthesis surgery. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a hot topic of orthopaedic research. Reflecting population dynamics, its use continues to increase, especially in high demand populations. Therefore, efforts to achieve the best fit and precise alignment in TKA continue. Computer assistance is valuable for knee prosthesis surgeons in this regard. This manuscript investigated the use of computer assistance in knee prosthesis surgery. The effects of computer use on important facets of knee prosthesis surgery, such as precision, clinical aspects, and costs, were examined. Moreover, an overall review of the recent literature on the navigation and personalized cutting guides was conducted.

The Usefulness of Computer Assistive Technology for Persons with Visual Impairment

Purpose State: To evaluate the usefulness of computer assistive software technology by persons with visualimpairment in their education, employment, communication, and leisure activities.Methods: Hundred and sixteen individuals with visual impairment were recruited from the rehabilitationcenter of LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad. The mean age of the study participants was 24.99 years (range16 to 48, median 42 years), and 81(69.8%) were male. QUEST (2.0) was administered to measure outcomes.Data collected were analyzed with SPSS software.Results: JAWS is the most preferred and used software 110(94.8%). Computer usage was indicated for morethan 7 hours per week by more than half of the participants 55(56.0%). The usefulness of assistive softwarewas reported for education 114(98%), communication 112(96.5%), job 52(44.82%), and leisure activities101(87.06%). Proficiency in accessing computer applications with Assistive Technology was appreciated inprograms such as MSWord 10(8.6) to 64(55.2) MS – Excel 16(13.8) to 57(49.1), MS- Powerpoint 30(25.9)to 43(37.1), Internet 19(16.4) to 54(46.6), Social websites 20(17.2) to 25(21.6) and Accountancy 5(4.3) to3(2.6). The overall QUEST mean score of 4.67 with 4.5 on device subscale and 4.8 on service subscaledemonstrated participants’ satisfaction on assistive software.Discussion: Assistive software technology can support persons having visual impairment, with gainfulemployment, social inclusion, and confidence in the community.Implications for practitioners: Assistive software technology would be very helpful to the persons withvisual impairment if they are taught and put into practise pro-actively by eye care providers.

Computer Assistance Analysis of Power Grid Relay Protection Based on Data Mining

Computer-Aided Design and Applications is an international journal on the applications of CAD and CAM. It publishes papers in the general domain of CAD plus in emerging fields like bio-CAD, nano-CAD, soft-CAD, garment-CAD, PLM, PDM, CAD data mining, CAD and the internet, CAD education, genetic algorithms and CAD engines. The journal is aimed at all developers and users of CAD technology to ptovide CAD solutions for various stages of design and manufacturing. The journal publishes all about Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided technologies.

Voice Based Email for the Visually Impaired

This paper introduces a voice based email system that can be utilized by visually impaired people to access E-mail smoothly. The objective of this work is to help the visually impaired people to send and receive voice based mails with the assistance of computers. This paper focuses on the advances on finding a new method that supports the visually impaired to get email by voice which is represented as text. This paper presents a voice to text and text to voice technique to access the email by visually impaired. This helps the visually impaired people to send the mail through voice without using any typing device. It uses Python libraries and IVR technique.

The history of robotic surgery and its evolution: when illusion becomes reality.

The term "robot" was concepted in the beginning of last century, coming originally from the Czech word "robota", meaning "labor". More recently, computer assistance and robotics based in the telepresence and virtual reality concept have been applied to surgical procedures. The application of robots in surgery dates approximately 35 years, experiencing significant growth in the last two decades fueled by the advent of advanced technologies. Despite its recent and brief status in surgery history, robotic technology has already proven its enhanced visualization, superior dexterity and precision during minimally invasive procedures. Currently, the worldwide diffused and predominant robot system used in surgery is Da Vinci by Intuitive Surgical, however robotic surgery evolution is far from over, with multiple potential competitors on the horizon pushing forward its paradigms. We aim to describe the history and evolution of robotic surgery in the last years as well as present its future perspectives.

Evolution of Deep Learning Algorithms for MRI-Based Brain Tumor Image Segmentation.

Brain tumor textures are among the most challenging features for neuroradiologists to extract from magnetic resonance images (MRIs). Exceptionally high-grade tumors such as gliomas require quick and precise diagnosis and medical intervention due to their infiltrative and fast-spreading nature. Therefore, they require computer assistance instead of manual methods. Deep learning (DL) methods are currently on the rise and have become an active field of research in several domains varying from stock market analysis to deep space object detection. They have very promising potential in brain tumor feature extraction from MRIs. Convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures, one of the most influential families of DL algorithms, have undergone a profound transformation since their first successes. This has led to increasing feature extraction quality and algorithm generalizability over various brain tumor types and grades. This review paper presents an explanatory and comparative survey on MRI-based brain tumor image segmentation. First, it provides the survey background and the typical process chain for brain MRI segmentation using CNNs. Second, it details the typical CNN architecture structure and its advantages over other machine learning algorithms. CNN architectures proposed for this purpose are enumerated and classified corresponding to their complexity, and then compared using specific metrics that consider the datasets they use.

The Impact of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) Use of English Vocabulary Enhancement

This study aims at improving students’ comprehension on English vocabulary using computer and finding out the effectiveness, efficiency and the attractiveness of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) in English learning. It was carried out at SMP Sunan Giri Gresik by using proactive action research method and intervention action model. The participants belonged to 3 different class groups. Thirty of them were from 7th grade (Amanah class) and thirty-two of them from (Hidayah class). The other 30 participants from (Inayah class). The data were collected and analyzed by using mixed method approach. Instruments used for collecting data in this study are questionnaires, documents, observation check list, interview, and achievement tests. The results showed that the treatments give affect positively for students especially treatment on cycle 2. It also can be seen by the students’ involvement actively during learning process. Computer assisted learning especially using software gave students chance to explore their English skill especially the vocabulary through interacting directly with computer by doing exercises given individually in pair or group. From the explanation above it can be concluded that English learning in junior high school can be improved with the help of computer assistance in this matter called Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) mainly to improve English vocabulary.
 Keywords: Computer-assisted language learning (CALL), English vocabulary, Students’ comprehension

Pengaruh Pendidikan Kewirausahan Terhadap Minat Berwirausaha dan Motivasi Berwirausaha

This study aims to determine (1) the magnitude of the influence of entrepreneurship education on interest in entrepreneurship (2) the magnitude of the influence of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial motivation. In this study using a quantitative approach. The population in this study were 432 students. The sampling technique in this research is Simple Random Sampling technique. The variables of this research are entrepreneurship education (X) as the independent variable and the dependent variable is interest in entrepreneurship (Yı) and entrepreneurial motivation (Y2). The data collection techniques used were questionnaires. Data analysis techniques include variable descriptive analysis and analysis prerequisite test. The type of research used in this research is quantitative descriptive research, which is a method or approach in which the symptoms under study are analyzed using statistical assistance or numbers or computer assistance with the SPSS 16.0 for windows program. The results of the research show that (1) There is a positive influence of entrepreneurship education on interest in entrepreneurship, indicated by the magnitude of the Fcount of 28.577 with a significance of 0.000. (2) There is a positive effect of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial motivation as indicated by the value of Fcount 60.539 with a significance of 0.000

Matchmaking and the Future of Hypertension Management.

Matchmaking and the Future of Hypertension Management.