Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Interactive Application Research Articles

Evaluation of stress distribution in and around dental implants using three different implant-abutment interfaces with platform-switched and non-platform-switched abutments: A three-dimensional finite element analysis.

A key factor for the success or failure of an implant is how the stresses are transferred to the surrounding bone. The implant‒abutment connection (IAC) is paramount for implant success. The purpose of this finite element analysis (FEA) study was to evaluate the stress distribution in and around three different implant‒abutment interfaces with platform-switched and platform-matched abutments using the finite element method (FEM). Three distinct types of IAC were selected: tri-channel internal connection, conical connection, and internal hex connection. Six models were generated, three in platform-switched and three in non-platform-switched configuration. Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Interactive Application (CATIA) V5 R20 software was used to generate virtual models of the implants and the mandible. The models were transferred to Analysis of Systems (ANSYS) 15.0 software, in which the models were meshed and underwent FEA. On the crestal bone, the highest von Mises stresses in platform-switched abutments were noticed in the internal hex implant‒abutment system (370 MPa), followed by the tri-channel implant‒abutment system (190 MPa) and conical implant‒abutment system (110 MPa). On the implant and the abutment screw, the highest von Mises stresses were observed in the internal hex implant‒abutment system, followed by the conical implant abutment system and tri-channel implant‒abutment system. Platform-switched implants had a more favorable stress distribution on crestal bone. Within the constraints of the current study, the internal hex connection exhibited the highest stress. In contrast, the conical abutment connection with platform switching configuration had more favorable stress distribution in crestal bone than other implant abutment systems.

Design and analysis of 3-way catalytic converter using CFD

A catalytic converter is a device designed to decrease the levels of harmful pollutants emitted by internal combustion engines. These converters are commonly used in automotive exhaust systems. Different fluids, such as carbon dioxide, ethane, and nitrogen, are employed for various purposes. To perform steady-state thermal analysis, different materials like stainless steel are utilized. The catalytic converter, typically constructed from gray cast material, facilitates the conversion of CO, HC, and NOx emissions into CO2, H2O, N2, and O2. This study involves the utilization of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis on iron and aluminum catalytic converters. Additionally, a thermal study is conducted to determine suitable materials for catalytic converter manufacturing. The CATIA (Computer Aided Three-dimensional Interactive Application) software is used for design purposes, while Ansys Workbench 16.0 is employed for analysis.

Design and Development of a Macro to Compare Sections of Planes to Parts Using Programming with Visual Basic for Applications in CATIA

This article presents an application for educational purposes in the field of engineering graphics, which corrects the dihedral projections of the sections of a plane for a part by comparing the solution provided by the student with that obtained through 3D CAD modelling software. Said application is generated as a macro in CATIA (Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Interactive Application), which is included as a tool in the ‘Part Design’ module. The code of this macro is written in the CATVBA language, utilizes the CATIA internal editor, and takes advantage of the capabilities offered by Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) in the design of Graphical User Interfaces (GUI). The operation of the macro consists of obtaining the section in the 3D CAD model, projecting it onto three dihedral projections of the part (elevation, plan, and profile), and calculating the visible and hidden lines by means of a numerical process based on dividing the lines into discrete sections. Likewise, to obtain numerical results, the section obtained in CATIA (reference section) is compared with the section provided by the student (section that needed to be corrected) by means of a spreadsheet (Microsoft Excel). The data of the coordinates of the points of the reference section are exported to said spreadsheet as is the data of the coordinates of the section that needed to be corrected, which is contained in a file with a dxf format (Drawing eXchange Format). From these data, by programming the appropriate formulae in the cells of the spreadsheet, the numerical values of the errors are obtained, thereby locating said errors in the dihedral projections of the section which needed to be corrected. Likewise, the application can be programmed to compare the central symmetry of both of the sections.

Structural and thermal analysis on high-pressure steam turbine blade to determine the optimum material for its manufacturing

Blades of turbines are key elements of steam turbines. They are the main energy driven components at every stage of steam turbine where steam is pressurized to generate power. In view of designing, the material used and dimensions of blade govern the efficiency, consistency and durability of a steam turbine. In this paper the design of aerofoil profile of HP steam turbine blade is modelled by using computer-aided three-dimensional interactive application (CATIA). Various analytical data viz.., static structural analysis, transient structural analysis and transient thermal analysis are performed on different materials (ATI 720, Waspaloy, Molybdenum TZM, Incoloy alloy, Inconel alloy 725). Based on the analysis, Waspaloy material blade outperformed among all blades materials in terms of creep resistance and heat flux.

Evaluation of the Effect of Anterior Teeth Torque Values on the Space Occupied by Six Anterior Teeth: a Finite Element Analysis.

Various factors have been introduced to achieve normal occlusion. One of them is anterior teeth torque that has a significant effect on orthodontic treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of changes in anterior teeth torque on changes in the space occupied by six anterior teeth by using computer-aided three-dimensional interactive application (CATIA). In this experimental finite element study, acrylic teeth with pre-adjusted MBT braces were aligned and three-dimensional (3D) scans were made by 3Dscaner. In the CATIA software program, upper incisors' torque was changed to -2, -4, -6, +2, +4 and+6 degrees and in the lower incisors to -1, - 3, -5, +3 and+5 degrees; the space was measured at 3 heights of maxillary incisor crowns and at incisal edges of mandibular incisors. Then maxillary incisors were then tapered and the measurements were made again. To evaluate the effect of tooth size, these procedures were carried out on teeth with +17% and -17% magnifications. The results showed that by increasing anterior torque from 14.7 to 20.7 degrees in maxillary incisors, the space occupied by anterior teeth increased. Maximum changes were at cingulum height with 1.421mm. Reduction in anterior torque from 14.7 to 8.7 degrees resulted in a decrease in this space and maximum changes were observed in the cingulum height with 1.824mm. In the mandibular arch, a 10-degree change in anterior torque resulted in an -.752mm change in the space. Changes in the space occupied by anterior teeth was not significant in tapered and normal teeth in +6 and -6-degree torque (p Value= 0.78 and p Value=0.83). By increasing or decreasing the incisors' torque, the space occupied by anterior teeth increased and decreased, respectively. These changes were less in tapered teeth. Size variations had no significant effect on the results.

Study of injection molding process simulation and mold design of automotive back door panel

Numerical simulation of the injection molding process of the outer panel of the automotive plastic rear door and mold design is presented here. Computer aided three-dimensional interactive application (CATIA) is employed to design the original automotive steel structure, and the modal and thermodynamic properties of the plastic back door outer panel are changed by changing the different injection materials of the back door outer panel. In order to efficiently design the panels, finite element analysis is used to verify whether the designed parts meet the mechanical properties requirements such as light weight, low fuel consumption, short production cycle, strong modeling design, high corrosion resistance and good recovery, the above main parameters have been evaluated, and the above main parameters are carried out evaluate. To simulate the injection molding process, computer aided engineering (CAE) software such as ANSYS and HyperWorks are used to analyze the back door of the selected material. After the numerical analysis, suitable material is selected, so that the modal and thermodynamic properties of the product could be satisfied as well as improved. Unigraphics NX (UG) is employed to design the convex and concave mold for the injection molding of the automobile’s plastic back door panel. Combined with the characteristics of the parts and the design requirements of the injection mold, the multi-scheme design of the pouring and cooling system is carried out. By comparing the effects of different gating and cooling systems on injection molding, the best gating and cooling system is selected. The artificial fish swarm algorithm is used to optimize the process parameters of the injection molding process, and the best combination of the injection molding process parameters of the outer panel of the rear door of the automobile is obtained.

Integrated Intelligent CAD System for Interactive Design, Analysis and Prototyping of Compression and Torsion Springs

This paper presents the development and implementation of integrated intelligent CAD (computer aided design) system for design, analysis and prototyping of the compression and torsion springs. The article shows a structure of the developed system named Springs IICAD (integrated intelligent computer aided design). The system bounds synthesis and analysis design phases by means of the utilization of parametric 3D (three-dimensional) modeling, FEM (finite element method) analysis and prototyping. The development of the module for spring calculation and system integration was performed in the C# (C Sharp) programming language. Three-dimensional geometric modeling and structural analysis were performed in the CATIA (computer aided three-dimensional interactive application) software, while prototyping is performed with the Ultimaker 3.0 3D printer with support of Cura software. The developed Springs IICAD system interlinks computation module with the basic parametric models in such a way that spring calculation, shaping, FEM analysis and prototype preparation are performed instantly.

Fuzzy engineering design semantics elaboration and application

• Five principles are used to set out a computing procedure for fuzzy intelligent requirements engineering from natural language to Computer-Aided Design. • The isomorphism between fuzzy conceptual graphs, and fuzzy predicate logic enables a fuzzy formal language of requirement to be produced. • From Z language the requirements are chained into Computer Aided Three-Dimensional Interactive Application (CATIA) models. • The formalisation increases requirements’ reliability and relevance in both CAD models and PLM systems more generally. Product design activities are predicated on fuzzy modelling, given that verbalising and interpreting engineering requirements are inherently fuzzy processes. The aim of this paper is to present a method for fuzzy intelligent requirement engineering from natural language to Computer-Aided Design (CAD) models. The field exploring the dynamics of computational processes from fuzzy linguistic modelling to fuzzy design modelling is complex and remains under-explored. No existing research has been identified which focuses specifically on fuzzy requirements engineering from natural language to CAD modelling. This paper seeks to address this by providing a design formalisation system based on five key principles. These principles are used to set out a computing procedure which follows a method broken up into six phases. The results of these six phases are fuzzy semantic graphs, which provide engineering requirements according to reliable design information. The approach is put into practice using the fuzzy agent-based tool developed by the authors, called F-EGEON (Fuzzy Engineering desiGn sEmantics elabOration and applicatioN). The proposed method is illustrated through an application from the automotive industry.

Finite element analysis of the tibial component alignment in a transverse plane in total knee arthroplasty.

The research aims to analyze the tibial component rotation using the finite element method by resecting the tibia in a transverse plane at an angle between 1.5° (external rotation) and -1.5° (internal rotation). We used a three-dimensional scanner to obtain the tibia's geometrical model of a cadaveric specimen. We then exported the surfaces of the tibial geometrical model through the Computer-Aided Three-dimensional Interactive Application (CATIA), which is a Computer-Aided Design (CAD) program. The CAD program three-dimensionally shaped the tibial component, polyethylene, and cement. Our analysis determined that the maximum equivalent stress is obtained in the case of proximal tibial resection at -1.5° angle in a transverse plane (internal rotation) with a value of 12.75 MPa, which is also obtained for the polyethylene (7.693 MPa) and cement (6.6 MPa). The results have shown that detrimental effects begin to occur at -1.5°. We propose the use of this finite element method to simulate the positioning of the tibial component at different tibial resection angles to appreciate the optimal rotation.

Simulation and Modeling of Hybrid Fuel Storage System using Compressed Air Energy Storage

In the present work, Hybrid fuel storage system of compressed air is an extensive technology that provides long duration energy storage. It is encouraged in balancing the large scale penetration of intermittent and dispersed sources of power. Such as wind and solar power into electric grids .The existing Compressed air energy storage (CAES) plants utilize natural gas as fuel. In this project we are replacing the natural gas with the composition of air (15 bar), copper oxide (5-20%), and water (50%). validated with the results obtained using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis. Modeling of energy storage tank is done in Computer Aided Three Dimensional Interactive Application (CATIA) software, mesh has been created using ANSYS workbench software and Analysis is done in Fluent Software. The composition is sent from the inlet of the energy storage tank and temperatures are varied like 298k, 373k, 423k, and 473k. Velocities are also varied like 15m/s, 25m/s, 35m/s, 45m/s. This hybrid fuel storage deals with phase change material by using water and copper by heating at different temperatures to get the energy and re-utilized. This device is applicable for renewable energy application to avoid the heat losses new technique of energy saving in suitable forms. This has the lead to the emergence of fuel storage as a management of energy and allowing it to various levels of energy storage. In many parts of the world this storage of energy plays an important role and a new technique of energy saving in suitable forms. This has the lead to the emergence of fuel storage as a management of energy and allowing it to various levels of energy storage.

Experimental & FEM Analysis of Orthodontic Mini-Implant Design on Primary Stability

The main objective of this research is to establish a connection between orthodontic mini-implant design, pull-out force and primary stability by comparing two commercial mini-implants or temporary anchorage devices, Tomas®-pin and Perfect Anchor. Mini-implant geometric analysis and quantification of bone characteristics are performed, whereupon experimental in vitro pull-out test is conducted. With the use of the CATIA (Computer Aided Three-dimensional Interactive Application) CAD (Computer Aided Design)/CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing)/CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) system, 3D (Three-dimensional) geometric models of mini-implants and bone segments are created. Afterwards, those same models are imported into Abaqus software, where finite element models are generated with a special focus on material properties, boundary conditions and interactions. FEM (Finite Element Method) analysis is used to simulate the pull-out test. Then, the results of the structural analysis are compared with the experimental results. The FEM analysis results contain information about maximum stresses on implant–bone system caused due to the pull-out force. It is determined that the core diameter of a screw thread and conicity are the main factors of the mini-implant design that have a direct impact on primary stability. Additionally, stresses generated on the Tomas®-pin model are lower than stresses on Perfect Anchor, even though Tomas®-pin endures greater pull-out forces, the implant system with implemented Tomas®-pin still represents a more stressed system due to the uniform distribution of stresses with bigger values.

Analysis of the production process of the forked forging used in the excavator drive system in order to improve the currently implemented technology by the use of numerical modeling

Abstract The study concerns a comprehensive analysis of a multistage hot-die forging on hammers, in order to produce a yoke-type forging, used as a component of excavator power transmission systems. The investigations were conducted with the aim to analyze and identify the sensitive areas in the process and then improve the currently implemented forging technology by using finite element (FE) simulation. QuantorForm (the developer of the QForm program) has developed a thermomechanical numerical model for the production of forked forging. The software Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Interactive Application (CATIA) was used to develop and build Computer-Aided Design (CAD) models of forging tools. As a result of the numerical simulations, the plastic deformations and temperature distributions for the forgings and tools were obtained, and the force courses during the forging process were analyzed. The obtained results enabled a thorough analysis of the forging process, including identification of potential forging defects (laps) as well as those tool areas that are the most loaded and exposed to damage. On this basis, changes were implemented in the production process, which allowed for the improvement of the currently implemented technology and obtaining the corrected forgings.

Opportunities in Optimizing Car Door Weight

Car door is an important part that is used for the protection of passengers from side collisions and also for the comfort of entering and leaving the car. Car doors weigh around 2% of total car weight. Conventional car doors are made from steel as it is sturdy. But it also contributes to the increment of the car weight. As scientific researchers are getting more advanced, finding out new materials as a substitute for conventionally used steel becomes more evident. Advancement in manufacturing and joining technologies pave the way to encouraging us to search for new improvement opportunities in car door weight optimization. Side impact collision of a car is the most hazardous as it directly hits the driver which causes injuries or death all over the world. Vehicle is one the medium of the terribly hazardous crashes causing injuries and death annually around the word. In this research paper, the most important parameters including materials, loads, stresses and deformation were studied to find out opportunities of car door weight optimization. Reduction in car weight means less fuel consumption which enables automobile industries to reduce carbon emission levels of a car. But the safety of passengers is the main priority which demands a light-weight as well as strong material that can sustain collision impact. The aim of the report is to compare the structure of different materials used in car door with currently used material. The designing of the car door is done using computer-aided three-dimensional interactive application (CATIA) software. Impact analysis is conducted on the door using ANSYS Workbench software by varying the materials. S-glass epoxy UD alloys become promising substitutes because of their satisfactory mechanical properties and specifific strength.

Mechanical Strength Design Analysis of Molecular Sieve Vessel of Helium Purification Systems in RDE

Experimental Power Reactor (RDE) uses a type of pebble bed fuel and helium gas as the primary coolant. In order to maintain the quality of helium as a coolant in accordance with the established requirements, the helium purification system is designed. One part of the main components of this helium purification system facility that absorbs CO2, CH4, and H2O is a molecular sieve vessel. The purpose of this study is to determine the ability of mechanical strength of a molecular sieve vessel through simulation testing using Computer Aided Three-dimensional Interactive Application (CATIA) software. The steps taken in analyzing the mechanical strength of molecular sieve designs include; built a 3-dimensional model, entering data on the mechanical properties of the material used, and simulating the operation at a test pressure of 30 bar and a temperature ranging from 50 °C to 250 °C. At a pressure of 30 bar and a temperature of 200 °C, the mechanical voltage result was 2.13 × 109 N/m2 that exceeded the yield strenght of 304 Stainless Steel material at 1.7 × 109 N / m2. Furthermore, the smallest translational displacement was 0.218 mm.

Design and Development of Sheet-Metal Elbows Using Programming with Visual Basic for Applications in CATIA

This article introduces an innovative application of Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) (Visual Basic macro language) developed in CATIA (Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Interactive Application), computer-aided manufacturing and engineering design software. Said application enables the three-dimensional (3D) representation and development to be obtained on a plane of the surfaces of cylindrical and conical elbows utilised to join two conduits, since CATIA lacks tools for the design of elements of metal fabrication. The application permits the geometric and dimensional parameters necessary for the creation and development of the analysed elbows to be introduced via a keyboard. Once these values have been entered and it has been verified that the design of the elbow is possible, then the application is programmed within the CATIA “Wireframe and Surface Design” module to obtain the 3D representation of said elbows, and the development of their surface is projected in the CATIA “Drafting” module. Consequently, the incorporation of this tool into CATIA software could increase technical-design productivity by eliminating certain intermediate operations, such as symmetry, and through improving the geometry training of less skilled users.

Establishment and application of three-dimensional realistic river terrain in the numerical modeling of flow over spillways

AbstractWe present an integrated three-dimensional (3D) spillway model where the realistic and complicated river terrain is implemented by the platform CATIA (Computer Aided Three Dimensional Interactive Application). This integrated 3D spillway model allows for complicated topographic and geomorphic conditions and describes the spatial distribution of the spillway dam (upstream reservoir, downstream river channel and the spillway dam itself) precisely, thus making it a real alternative to the physical model. Furthermore, this model provides the premise and possibility of a full-scale simulation of the spillway flow, that is, it can not only be used to study the hydraulics on the spillway face, but also can be used to study the hydraulics along the downstream river channel and estimate the scour problem associated with both the spillway flow and downstream river channel. In this model, turbulence was simulated using RNG k−ɛ equations. The flow velocity and surface pressure from the numerical model were verified by the data from experiments. Moreover, the river flow was studied and flow velocities downstream were obtained. The scour formed downstream of a ski-jump was also studied in this study on the location and shape of a scour hole. In all, this study provides new approaches for solving relevant hydraulic engineering problems.

Environmental footprint design tool: Exchanging geographical information system and computer-aided design data in real time

The pairing of computer-aided design and geographical information system data creates an opportunity to connect an architectural design process with a robust analysis of its environmental constraints. Yet, the geographical information system data may be too overwhelmingly complex to be fully used in computer-aided design without computer-assisted methods of filtering relevant information. This article reports on the implementation of an integrated environment for three-dimensional computer-aided design and environmental impact. The project focused on a two-way data exchange between geographical information system and computer-aided design in building design. While the two different technologies may rely on separate representational models, in combination they can provide a more complete view of the natural and built environment. The challenge in integration is that of bridging the differences in analytical methods and database formats. Our approach is rooted in part in constraint-based design methods, well established in computer-aided design (e.g. Sketchpad, Generative Components, and computer-aided three-dimensional interactive application). Within such computer-aided design systems, geometrical transformations may be intentionally constrained to help enforce a set of design determinants. Although this current implementation modestly relates to geometrical constraints, the use of probabilistic risk values is more central to its methodology.

Assessment and virtual redesign of a manual handling workstation by computer-aided three-dimensional interactive application

Background. Manual handling of bags which imposes frequent forces and stresses on body parts is a common task that many workers have to perform every day. The present study aimed to assess the postural risk and imposed forces due to manual handling and loading of sugar bags. Methods. This study was conducted on male warehouse workers of a sugar manufacturing plant. Rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) was used to assess the risks of awkward postures and computer-aided three-dimensional interactive application to estimate the forces and moments. Results. RULA final scores were estimated to be 7 and 3 before and after the virtual redesign, respectively. Postures B and E obtained the highest compression forces and moments. The compression forces were higher than the action limit (AL) in all postures before the redesign and exceeded the maximum permissible limit (MPL) in posture E. After the redesign, these forces were reduced below the AL and MPL. Moreover, the shearing forces were lower than the AL and MPL in all postures. Conclusions. The main risk factors were heavy weight and poor control of sugar bags. Virtual redesign can diminish bending and twisting postures, and, therefore, some resulting forces and moments.

Analytical Study on Flexural Behaviour ofGlued Laminated Timber

This study determines analytically the flexural properties of glued laminated timber beam (glulam) with different thickness of lamina and jointed lamina; it was compared to solid beam. This research used Rubber wood (Hevea brasiliensis). Glulam beam was divided into three groups based on the thickness of lamina, 20 mm, 15 mm and 10 mm respectively. Solid beam was also modelled besides glulam beam. Jointed wood with finger outside maximum moment zone in the bottom lamina was also modelled. Solid wood and laminated wood of rubber wood species was modelled and analysed in ANSYS 14.5.Then modelling of finger joint was done in Computer Aided Three-dimensional Interactive Application (CATIA) and analysed in ANSYS. The result was compared with the available experimental result. The results obtained show that the comparison of flexural properties between solid wood and horizontally glulam wood have no significant difference. Lamina thickness does not make any statistically significant difference in the flexural properties.

Diagnostics of machine parts by means of reverse engineering procedures

In this article, an application of a three-dimensional scanner for building a special diagnostic stand is described. An experimental method of detection of material defects is discussed. The considered defects are connected with cooperation of particular surfaces of machine parts. In the discussed experiments, particularly the dimensions of pitting holes can be evaluated. Availability of laboratory facilities required that the investigations were performed using geared wheels. The three-dimensional model which represents a degenerated surface, obtained based upon the diagnostic measurements, was compared with the pattern of an undamaged surface. The latter was generated by means of our pre-processor. The pre-processor enables generation of files which are compatible with the majority of the computer-aided design system formats. Therefore, the analyses were performed by means of commercial system inventor and computer-aided three-dimensional interactive application.