Compromise Approach Research Articles

The IHR Journey: Past Lessons and Future Directions

Abstract The International Health Regulations (IHR), established in 1969 and revised in 2005, represent a binding framework for 196 countries to combat global health threats. Historically, the IHR emerged in response to the need for a collective defence against the spread of infectious diseases. In the present, the IHR provides a legal structure for the World Health Organization (WHO) and its member states to report public health emergencies of international concern, ensuring a coordinated, prompt, and effective response. As we look towards the future, the IHR’s role is pivotal in addressing the complexities of global health security. The emergence of novel pathogens, the risk of bioterrorism, and the impact of climate change on disease patterns call for the evolution of the IHR. Such ammendments comprise: increasing clarity on multilevel jurisdiction; defining a pandemic emergency; introducing the concept of quarantine as a public health measure; stressing a compromise and solidarity approach between States Parties; reinforcing the need for bidirectional action between the WHO and States Parties; underlining cargo, as well as passengers, as relevant for public health measures; certificate digitalisation; among others. Strengthening the IHR is essential for a proactive approach to health policy, ensuring preparedness and resilience against any health crisis that may arise, although it remains in great controversy the right balance between the respect of national sovereignty and supranational impositions over national, democratically elected governments. Calling upon this reflection aims to bridge the gap felt in most WHO’s member states.

Revisiting the womanist-feminist continuum in Sefi Atta’s Everything Good Will Come

This paper examines the tensions and intersections between feminism and womanism primarily through a consideration of Chikwenye Okonjo Ogunyemi’s theorization of one version of womanism that she bases on a selection of three female-authored Nigerian novels. The essay also includes more recent engagements with feminisms, including those put forward by The Charter of Feminist Principles for African Feminists. Specifically, the paper explores three core elements of Ogunyemi’s theorization of Nigerian womanism — collectivism, compromise, and non-confrontational approaches to women’s resistance — in relation to the representation of Nigerian womanhood in Sefi Atta’s Everything Good Will Come. The paper’s central argument is that while Atta’s novel suggests that Ogunyemi’s recourse to womanism remains a useful way of theorizing [the] Nigerian novel by women,” more importantly, Everything Good Will Come shows that the gap between feminism and womanism might not be as wide as some critics have suggested. The paper concludes that despite disagreements over nomenclature and emphases, Everything Good Will Come instantiates the continuum on which feminism and womanism exist.

Land use and environmental degradation in the island state of Mauritius: Governance and problem conceptions

Biodiversity and natural ecosystems underpin human life and wellbeing, yet they are systematically degraded by anthropic activity, with land use change being the direct driver most impacting terrestrial ecosystems. Since scholars argue that solving the biodiversity crisis hinges on the problem conceptions that steer governance, and since land use is governed predominantly at the national level, we seek to identify the problem conceptions expressed through the governance of the land use – environment nexus in a country where ecosystem degradation persists despite tenure security: Mauritius. Through interviews with key informants, corroborated by documentation review, we investigate the current governance systems across legislative, policy, and institutional frameworks to elicit the main governance issues that may reveal underlying problem conceptions. Our results point to weak commons and compromise approaches, which systematically enable land use changes for financial maximization at the expense of natural ecosystems. Economic optimization and ecosystem prioritization approaches were not observed despite recognition of nature’s role in the wellbeing of citizens. In this context, which may be similar in many developing countries, the introduction of biophysical and monetary natural capital accounting is recommended to provide commensurate data on the benefits derived from ecosystems and those derived from economic activities, in order to better inform compromise and prioritization.

Resurfacing of multiple adjacent defects with free multipaddle SCIAP flaps

BackgroundThe efficient resurfacing of multiple adjacent defects (MADs) requires precise reconstructive strategy. Various approaches (e.g., several flap transferring or prelamination of the recipient site) have been reported, but recipient-site impairments, pain, long hospitalization, and low cost-benefit results fatefully considered them as compromise approaches. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of MADs reconstruction with free multipaddle superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIAP) flaps. MethodsFrom Dec 2015 to Dec 2020, we enrolled patients with upper and lower extremity defects treated with various multipaddle SCIAP flaps (2-paddle, 3-paddle, and 4-paddle). Patient demographics and outcomes of each group were collected. ResultsThirty-two, 21, and 6 patients underwent 2-paddle, 3-paddle, and 4-paddle SCIAP flaps transfers, respectively. All multipaddle SCIAP flaps survived without vascular problems, and the donor sites were closed directly. Except for 3 cases of 2-paddle SCIAP flaps drained by superficial circumflex iliac vein venous return, most cases (n = 56) were drained by venae comitans. Minor complications, including partial flap necrosis (4 cases) and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsies (11 cases), were treated conservatively. All patients were satisfied with the reconstructive outcome. ConclusionMultiple adjacent defects reconstruction is still a Gordian knot and lacks a golden standard. The free multipaddle SCIAP flap was demonstrated as a promising alternative, not only enriching its versatility but also initially highlighting the “replace need with need” reconstructive demand.

A cost-efficient relocation model minimizing economic and social disruption of the disaster-affected population of the Kedarnath considering uncertainty

In 2013, Kedarnath, India, faced a devastating landslide-induced flood, causing substantial damage, loss of life, and displacement. This event highlights a gap in post-disaster relocation models, hindering efficient transportation to preferred locations. The challenge intensifies as coordinating relocation with individual preferences, coupled with post-disaster data uncertainty, complicates efforts and triggers a series of effects on community acceptance, psychological well-being, and overall resilience. The study addresses post-disaster relocation gaps by introducing a multi-objective transportation model (MOTM) with psychological support, optimizing resettlement to minimize budget impact, distance, and economic and social disruption (ESD). The proposed interval-valued pentagonal neutrosophic number (IVPN) and defuzzification technique advances disaster management theory and offers a practical solution for uncertainty in data, bridging theory, and practical application in the disaster response phase. The MOTM efficiently minimizes transportation, psychological intervention, and rental costs through fuzzy goal programming (FGP), global criterion method (GCM), and neutrosophic compromise approach (NCA), implemented with LINGO optimization software. The values of parameters considered in the MOTM are captured in IVPN format and converted to crisp values, availing the proposed defuzzification technique. The performance evaluation of the defuzzification technique is carried out through a comparative analysis of past literature. The proposed MOTM and IVPN were implemented in the 2013 Kedarnath flood case study to generate diverse relocation options. GCM provides relocation options at a higher cost and distance but with minimal ESD by providing a preferred location to a family count as high as 3324 out of 3491 families. The FGP technique provides results similar to NCP that reduce the costs and distance of the relocation process by 6.95% and 0.88%, respectively; however, it increases ESD by allocating preferred locations to only 2623 out of 3491 families. The study provides Pareto optimal solutions for the smooth application of MOTM for diverse post-disaster instances.

Limiting Overdistention or Collapse When Mechanically Ventilating Injured Lungs: A Randomized Study in a Porcine Model.

Rationale: It is unknown whether preventing overdistention or collapse is more important when titrating positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Objectives: To compare PEEP targeting minimal overdistention or minimal collapse or using a compromise between collapse and overdistention in a randomized trial and to assess the impact on respiratory mechanics, gas exchange, inflammation, and hemodynamics. Methods: In a porcine model of ARDS, lung collapse and overdistention were estimated using electrical impedance tomography during a decremental PEEP titration. Pigs were randomized to three groups and ventilated for 12 hours: PEEP set at ⩽3% of overdistention (low overdistention), ⩽3% of collapse (low collapse), and the crossing point of collapse and overdistention. Measurements and Main Results: Thirty-six pigs (12 per group) were included. Median (interquartile range) values of PEEP were 7 (6-8), 11 (10-11), and 15 (12-16) cm H2O in the three groups (P < 0.001). With low overdistension, 6 (50%) pigs died, whereas survival was 100% in both other groups. Cause of death was hemodynamic in nature, with high transpulmonary vascular gradient and high epinephrine requirements. Compared with the other groups, pigs surviving with low overdistension had worse respiratory mechanics and gas exchange during the entire protocol. Minimal differences existed between crossing-point and low-collapse animals in physiological parameters, but postmortem alveolar density was more homogeneous in the crossing-point group. Inflammatory markers were not significantly different. Conclusions: PEEP to minimize overdistention resulted in high mortality in an animal model of ARDS. Minimizing collapse or choosing a compromise between collapse and overdistention may result in less lung injury, with potential benefits of the compromise approach.

Enhancing neutrosophic fuzzy compromise approach for solving stochastic bi- level linear programming problems with right- hand sides of constraints follow normal distribution

In this paper, a bi-level chance constrained programming problem is considered when the coefficients of the objective function is presented as neutrosophic numbers and the right- hand side of the constraints is normal variables and the constraints have a joint probability distribution. While the probability problem and applying the score and accurate functions the problem is converted into an equivalent deterministic non- linear programming problem, a fuzzy programming approach is applied by defining membership function. A linear membership function is used for obtaining optimal compromise solution. A numerical example is given to illustrate the proposed methodology.

Policy Discourse Analysis of Thailand's National Screening Mechanism and Shifting Refugee Policies

This research delves into the political dynamics surrounding Thailand’s recent policy developments, particularly the introduction of a National Screening Mechanism (NSM) in late 2022. The NSM is designed to assess the status and eligibility of individuals unable to return to their country of origin, signaling a significant shift in Thailand’s approach to asylum seekers. Methodologically, the research adopts a qualitative approach, focusing on policy discourse analysis. This study analysis reveals key terms, emphasizing the central role of a committee in evaluating individuals’ status. The study examines the decision-making process, illustrating the committee’s pivotal role and potential subjective errors in refugee recognition. The study delves into the ideological dimension, exploring how Thailand’s historical experiences, military, and international collaborations shape its policies. The NSM, considered a balance of power, reflects a compromise approach amid ideological shifts.

A study of oil and gas producers subsector portfolio using the trade-off ranking method

In the topic of stock selection, numerous multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques have been applied to handle selection difficulties. This paper proposes a compromise approach for the subsector stocks of oil and gas companies, motivated by the pandemic crisis and the political issue in Malaysia. The paper presents a novel analysis of the existing trade-off ranking (TOR) method for ranking the stocks of oil and gas producers in conflicting multi-criteria problems. As a result, the TOR technique ranks the subsector stocks effectively for two criteria weights. Comparison with TOPSIS shows that both methods exhibit similar performance.

ВПЛИВ ДИВІДЕНДНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ НА РИНКОВУ КАПІТАЛІЗАЦІЮ КОМПАНІЙ

Dividend policy plays a leading role in the system of measures for managing the market value of a company. The main objective of developing a dividend policy is to strike a balance between the current consumption of profit by owners and its growth in the future, thereby maximizing the market value of the company and ensuring its strategic development. The article summarizes the types of dividend policy of companies with reference to three dividend payment methods: conservative, compromise and aggressive, and identifies their advantages and disadvantages. The conservative approach to forming the company's dividend policy includes a zero dividend policy, which means the termination of dividend payments. The compromise approach to the company's dividend policy provides for stable and guaranteed dividend payments at the minimum level expected, depending on the company's performance. The company's aggressive approach to dividend policy is complemented by a "100%" dividend policy, i.e. the allocation of the entire amount of the company's net profit to the payment of dividends. The article notes that, despite the various theories of dividend policy, financial managers usually try to maintain a balance between paying sufficient dividends (to maintain shareholder confidence) and reinvesting profits (to maintain a certain rate of corporate development). It is clear that every company, in its practical financial activities, seeks to achieve an optimal balance between paying sufficient dividends and reinvesting profits. The specific motivation of each of the participants and their interaction determine the peculiarities of the model of the company's dividend policy, which is an external implementation of corporate conflicts. At present, Ukrainian companies take a conservative approach to the formation of dividend policy, applying a zero dividend policy or a residual dividend policy. We believe that a steady increase in the market capitalization of companies, including through an effective dividend policy, should be seen as a criterion for the success of the corporate reform strategy.

The Legal Transplants of “Taiwan Area” with the Perspective of “One Country, Two System” Policy

The formulation of laws has its temporal and spatial background, and is constrained by political changes. The laws of “Taiwan area” area and main-land are different while the reason is Controversy and complex. The laws of “Taiwan area” area are related to the change of political regime. The legal systems formulated by different regimes come from the political demands of the ruling authorities. Therefore, the legal system of compulsory domination over “Taiwan area” has become special legal culture in the history of law. In the development of the legal system in “Taiwan area”, there are many elements of succession of the law. With regard to its pros and cons, with the gradual expansion of the internal legal history research, it has also been criticized and reviewed. This article intends to sort out the status of legal succession in “Taiwan area” and this topic. For the academic debate on whether the law will continue to be accepted or not, this article observes from “modernization theory” and “dependency theory” of the national development theories respectively. The author puts forward the view that laws in “Taiwan area” continue to be intertwined with complicated institutional changes and it should adopt a compromise approach.

Standardization of indoor radon measurements based on rational criterion for conformity assessment

Significant temporal variations in radon are observed in any buildings, including unoccupied buildings with limited ventilation. This fact causes serious difficulties in radiation monitoring to assess the compliance of premises with the requirements of the normative, which limits the annual average level of radon in buildings. Therefore, neither at the national nor at the international level has yet been solved the problem of standardizing the indoor radon measurement if the test duration is less than a year. An analysis of approaches to radon measurement, including an assessment of the effectiveness of regulation, shows very significant differences between practices established in different countries. For example, in Russia, rapid (no more than 20 min) measurements are mainly used and mitigation measures to protect existing buildings from radon are practically not carried out. In European countries, mainly long-term (at least two months) measurements are used, while mitigation measures are still relatively rare, with the exception of the UK and Sweden. In the USA, short-term (2–7 days) measurements are widely used, which are not only carried out, but also paid for by residents themselves, including mitigation measures. However, despite the established approaches to indoor radon monitoring in Russia and the USA, there is a persistent distrust among specialists in the results of shortterm and, especially, rapid measurements. In this regard, a compromise approach is proposed to standardize radon measurements based on a rational criterion by applying fundamental ISO/IEC concepts such as “measurement uncertainty” and “conformity assessment”. The rational criterion for conformity assessment allows using measurements of different durations, providing a given reliability when making a decision. It also proposes a rationale for optimizing indoor radon monitoring through the participation of not only professional inspectors, but also the population itself due to the possibility of introducing simple methods and inexpensive radon devices within the rational criterion.

Should Physicians Be Permitted to Refuse Follow-Up Care to Patients Who Have Received an Organ Transplant Through Organ Trafficking?

In 2018, the Istanbul Declaration stated that organ transplantation via organ trafficking is a crime. Since then, the number of medical institutions in Japan who refuse follow-up care to patients who have undergone unethical organ transplantation overseas has been gradually increasing. Deterring transplant tourism involving organ trafficking is an issue that must be addressed by the government, medical institutions, and individual physicians. The refusal of medical institutions and individual physicians to provide follow-up care after organ transplantation may challenge the idea of the incompatibility thesis; moreover, it may be ethically justified in the context of conscientious objection if it is based on the belief of deterring transplant tourism instead of punitive motives or a reluctance to support a criminal activity. However, conscientious objection based on a belief in fair transplantation care is conditional; according to the compromise approach, it is limited to particular conditions, such as that the patient's medical state does not require urgent care and that the patient is reasonably able to receive follow-up care at another institution.

First-line versus second-line use of pralsetinib in treatment of rearranged during transfection (RET) fusion-positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a cost-effectiveness analysis.

The ARROW study demonstrated favorable clinical efficacy and safety of pralsetinib (PRL) in treating rearranged during transfection (RET) fusion positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in clinical trials. However, due to the high cost of PRL, evaluating its cost-effective characteristics is crucial. Currently, there has been no cost-effectiveness analysis specifically for PRL. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness characteristics of using PRL as a first-line therapy versus reserving it until the second-line versus solely relying on chemotherapy from the perspective of payers in the United States. A Markov model was developed to evaluate the 3 above mentioned PRL-based treatment strategies. Clinical data from the ARROW trial were incorporated into the model, and costs and utilities values were obtained through previously published literature and public databases, with both being discounted at 3% per year. To ensure the robustness of the model, both probabilistic and univariate sensitivity analyses were performed. The primary endpoints included quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), lifetime costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Compared to chemotherapy, the use of PRL in the first-line therapy resulted in an additional 0.07 QALYs at a cost of $133,561, with an ICER of $1,353,849.65 per QALY. Similarly, when used in the second-line setting, PRL led to an additional 0.09 QALYs at a cost of $92,797, with an ICER of $559,232.70 per QALY. The ICER value in the first-line or in the second-line therapy strategy was higher than the US willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of $150,000 per QALY. Univariable sensitivity analyses revealed that the cost of PRL and the utility of progressed disease had the most significant impact on the ICER. To be considered cost-effective at a WTP threshold of $150,000 per QALY, the cost of PRL would need to be reduced by 71.34% in first-line treatment or 84.49% in second-line treatment. Based on current pricing, neither PRL as first-line nor second-line therapy was found to be cost-effective for patients with RET fusion-positive advanced NSCLC compared to chemotherapy. Reserving PRL until second-line therapy may be a compromise approach to maintaining control over healthcare expenses yet still achieving favorable clinical outcomes.

A Novel Compromise Approach for Risk-Based Selective Water Withdrawal from Reservoirs Considering Qualitative-Quantitative Aspects

A Novel Compromise Approach for Risk-Based Selective Water Withdrawal from Reservoirs Considering Qualitative-Quantitative Aspects

UAV-Assisted Multi-Cluster Over-the-Air Computation

In this paper, we study unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) assisted wireless data aggregation (WDA) in multi-cluster networks, where multiple UAVs simultaneously perform different WDA tasks via over-the-air computation (AirComp) without terrestrial base stations. This work focuses on maximizing the minimum amount of WDA tasks performed by each cluster by optimizing the UAV trajectory and transceiver design as well as cluster scheduling and association, while considering the WDA accuracy requirement. Such a joint design is critical for interference management in multi-cluster AirComp networks, via enhancing the signal quality between each UAV and its associated cluster for signal alignment while reducing the inter-cluster interference between each UAV and its non-associated clusters. Although it is generally challenging to optimally solve the formulated non-convex mixed-integer nonlinear programming, an efficient iterative algorithm as a compromise approach is developed by exploiting bisection and block coordinate descent methods, yielding an optimal transceiver solution in each iteration. The optimal binary variables and a suboptimal trajectory are obtained by using the dual method and successive convex approximation, respectively. Simulations show the considerable performance gains of the proposed design over benchmarks and the superiority of deploying multiple UAVs in increasing the number of performed tasks while reducing access delays.

MATHEMATICAL APPROACH TO THE FORMATION OF A METHODOLOGICAL BASIS OF ECONOMIC RATIONALITY OF INTERACTION OF ELEMENTS OF THE SYSTEM OF LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURE

The field of managing the logistics of agricultural products under significant dynamic changes in today's conditions requires the formation of new approaches using the possibilities of modern information tools. The article presents a systematic mathematical approach to logistics management in agriculture for conditions with an insignificant level of risk and under conditions of significant threats to the logistics processes of the agricultural industry. The presented study also examines the issue of analyzing the effectiveness of management actions in the logistics process, both operationally and strategically.The developed mathematical approach takes into account a wide range of conditions for carrying out logistics activities - both at a low level of risk in the implementation of the logistics process, and in circumstances of significant threats that lead to the minimization of the reliability of logistics in the agricultural sector. This is especially important today, given the significant level of negative impacts on logistics processes due to military threats. The growth of these influences even leads to the destabilization of the world food market, and the threat of famine in some regions of the world.The proposed mathematical approach takes into account both the emergence of new risks, the significantly increased dynamic nature of the effects on logistics activities in the agricultural sector of the economy, and the traditional specificity of the conditions for the implementation of logistics processes in the agricultural sector. The specificity of logistics management in the agricultural sector is due to the peculiarities of the agricultural production process; properties inherent in agricultural products, conditions of distribution of these products. This determines a wide range of tasks that must be performed by the logistics of the agricultural sector. This, in turn, creates a need for a highly adaptive dynamic approach when forming a set and combination of logistics tasks and goals. Algorithms, tools and methods were specially developed to implement this approach. In particular: the unification of target functions; the approach of flexible adaptive changes in the ranks of target functions to ensure the appropriate level of rationality of logistics process management; a compromise approach in the case of the need to simultaneously achieve a group of set goals or a group of goals; the approach of assessing the strategic impact of a management decision for operating not with static values of parameters, but with their trends over time. In general, this makes it possible to achieve the appropriate level of economic efficiency of agricultural logistics management even with dynamic changes in the conditions of its implementation and to ensure a high level of reliability of the logistics process even with an increase in the level of threats.

Улуг битикчи — тюрко-монгольский институт, интегрированный в систему мусульманской администрации чингизидских государств XIII–XIV вв. (по материалам «Дастур ал-катиб»)

Introduction. The article examines a yarliq from the medieval Persian treatise Dastur al-Katib to characterize the institution of ulug bitigchi that used to be widespread in the Mongol Empire and states of Genghis Khan’s descendants. Goals. The study attempts an interdisciplinary analysis of the historical monument — one yarliq appointing an ulug bitigchi (head of scribes) and contained in Dastur al-Katib fi Tayin al-Maratib (A Scribe’s Guide to Determining Ranks) compiled in the mid-14th century by Persian official Muhammad ibn Hindushah Nakhchivani. Materials and methods. The paper focuses on Dastur al-Katib and the mentioned yarliq proper, involves related medieval sources on Mongol Iran and other Chinggisid states, including works by Juvayni, Rashid al-Din, Fasih Khwafi, etc., official documents of the Chinggisid chancelleries. The work employs a series of historical and legal research methods, such as those of source criticism, diplomatics analysis, comparative historical research, formal legal approach, historical legal and comparative legal analyses. Results. The paper introduces the yarliq appointing an ulug bitigchi from the medieval Persian treatise Dastur al-Katib into Russian-language scientific discourse and supplements it with a detailed interdisciplinary analysis. The work clarifies specific features of an ulug bitigchi’s legal status — including his functions, rights, requirements for candidates in Chinggisid chance­lleries — and traces its evolution. It also shows reasons for the survival of the institution in those states even after the official conversion to Islam and shaping of a corresponding government system in accordance with traditions that had existed across the Volga Region, Iran and Central Asia long before the Mongol conquest. Conclusions. The fact that the institution of ulug bitigchi did survive the subsequent Islamization was to primarily position of Ilkhans as heirs of the Mongol Empire where it had first been established as well as to seek a compromised approach in governing their various subjects — nomadic and sedentary peoples, Turko-Mongols and those who spoke Iranian languages, Moslems and adherents of other religions.

Effectiveness Analysis of a Compromise Approach to Solving the Problem of Refusal of Influenza Vaccination

Relevance. The ineffectiveness of current methods of engaging the population in vaccine prophylaxis leads to the need to develop new means of solving the problem of vaccination abandonment.Aims is to show the effect of applying the theory of compromise solutions to the analysis of the problem of refusal of influenza vaccination.Materials and methods. Data on number of vaccinated and morbidity among vaccinated and unvaccinated; the research method is based on the compilation of criteria reflecting the interests of the administration and the population, followed by finding a compromise solution and evaluating it using an indicator of tensions.Results. Based on data on morbidity among vaccinated and unvaccinated, the existence of an optimal percentage of vaccinated for the adult population and for each of the three risk groups is shown: medical staff, service employees and persons over 60 years of age; on the example of the group «persons over 60 years of age», the possibility of reducing tension in the case of replacing a single vaccination with a complex one is shown.Conclusion. The effectiveness of the application of the theory of compromise solutions to the assessment of tensions between the sanitary and epidemiological inspection service and the population in terms of vaccination is presented; the possibility of reducing tension by switching to complex immunoprophylaxis is presented.

The effect of prolonged closed-loop management on athletes' sleep and mood during COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from the 2022 Shanghai Omicron Wave.

Closed-loop management of athletes at the training base is a compromise approach that balanced epidemic prevention and sports training during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigated the impact of prolonged closed-loop management on athletes' sleep and mood during the 2022 Shanghai Omicron wave. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Profile of Mood States were used to assess the sleep and mood states of 110 professional athletes in "closed-loop management" at the training base after 1 and 2 months of closed-loop management, respectively, to characterize changes in sleep and mood with prolonged closed-loop management. After two months of control, the sleep and mood of 69 athletes and students of the same age were measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Perceptual Stress Scale, as well as the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale, to compare the differences in sleep and mood between athletes undergoing closed-loop management and the general population who were managed in the community. Paired sample t-tests and independent sample t-tests were used for comparisons across different time intervals and different management approaches. Results showed that with the time of closed-loop management increased, athletes woke up earlier (p = 0.002), slept less (p = 0.024), and became angrier (p = 0.014); athletes had poorer overall sleep quality (p < 0.001) but lower stress level (p = 0.004) than those who were outside the base. In closed-loop management, the athletes were able to maintain a stable sleep and mood state. Sports team administrators must be aware of the need to improve athletes' sleep quality and help athletes to agree with this approach of management.