Compressive Strength Of Pervious Concrete Research Articles

Experimental Study on Strength of Pervious Concrete by Using Fine Aggregate

Abstract: Pervious concrete is a special type of concrete, which consists of cement, coarse aggregates, water and if required and other cementations materials. As there are no fine aggregates used in the concrete matrix, the void content is more which allows the water to flow through its bodyThe main aim of this project was to improve the compressive strength characteristics of pervious concrete. But it can be noted that with increase in compressive strength the void ratio decreases. Hence, the improvement of strength should not affect the porosity property because it is the property which serves its purpose. In this investigation work the compressive strength of pervious concrete is increased by a maximum of 18.26% for 28 days when 8% fine aggregates were added to standard pervious concrete Keywords: W/C ratio, pervious Concrete, sugarcane bagasse’s ash, rice husk ash compressive strength, fine aggregates

The Effect of Styrene Butadiene Rubber Latex to the Strength and Permeability Performance of Pervious Concrete using Recycled Aggregate

Based on its geographical location, Indonesia is a country with high annual rainfall that causes the country to face a number of environmental problems, especially in urban areas. Reduced catchment areas due to changes in land use into residential and industrial areas, causing surface runoff problems and groundwater level declines. The use of pervious concrete as an alternative to environmentally friendly pavement can overcome these environmental issues. Nevertheless, pervious concrete has low strength due to weak bonding between aggregates as pervious concrete uses little or no fine aggregate so that it is only fastened by paste and produces voids between aggregate. Styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) latex was proposed in this study to improve bonding between aggregates and increase the strength of pervious concrete. 0%, 5% and 10% SBR latex by weight of cement were added in pervious concrete mixture to investigate the effect of SBR latex to the strength and permeability performance of pervious concrete to drain stormwater into the soil. Recycled coarse aggregate also used in the experiment to promote sustainable construction. The results showed that SBR latex increased the compressive strength of pervious concrete. However, the use of SBR latex also decreased the void ratio and permeability of pervious concrete

Effect of Rheology of Fresh Paste on the Pore Structure and Properties of Pervious Concrete Based on the High Fluidity Alkali-Activated Slag

Pervious concrete is made of cementitious materials, coarse aggregate, water and additives, with characteristic macro- and meso-connected pore structure, which enables the acceptable mechanical properties and high water permeability for pavement and road applications. In this study, the effect of rheology of fresh alkali-activated slag paste on the sedimentation of paste on the bottom of pervious concrete, meso-structure, connected porosity, mechanical properties and water permeability was investigated by a range of analytical techniques through varying the equivalent alkali content to control the rheology of fresh paste in the pervious concrete. The compressive strength of pervious concrete was related to the percentage area of paste and the average thickness of paste on the surface of coarse aggregate. The tensile strength and water permeability were correlated to the connected porosity of pervious concrete and the rheology of fresh paste. A relative lower fluidity, higher viscosity and shear stress of fresh alkali-activated slag paste favoured lower sedimentation of paste on the bottom of pervious concrete, higher connected porosity, tensile strength and water permeability. There was no correlation between compressive strength and tensile strength of pervious concrete.

Influence of Ash and Coconut Shell Against Compressive Strength and Permeability Characteristics of Pervious Concrete

Pervious concrete or non-fine concrete is a simple form of lightweight concrete made by eliminating the use of fine aggregates. As a result of not using fine aggregate in pervious concrete, then created a cavity filled with air and water can be passed. This cavity resulted in reduced density of the concrete as well as the reduced amount of area that needs to be covered by cement paste, thereby reducing the compressive strength. To increase the compressive strength of pervious concrete, in this study will utilize waste material. The waste material is the cocnut shell ash and coconut shell to strengthen the coarse aggregate bonds, so it is expected to increase the compressive strength along with the increase in permeability. Thus, in this study will replace part of the coarse aggregate with coconut shell with percentage 0%, 2,5%, 5%, 7,5%, 10% and partially replace cement with coconut shell ash with percentage 0%, 2,5%, 5%, 7,5%

Investigating properties of pervious concretes containing coconut shell flake and ash

Pervious concrete or non-fine concrete is a simple form of lightweight concrete made by eliminating the use of fine aggregates. As a result of not using a fine aggregate in pervious concrete, then created a cavity filled with air and water can be passed. This cavity resulted in a reduced density of the concrete and the reduced amount of area that needs to be covered by a cement paste, thereby reducing the compressive strength. This study aimed to utilize waste material to increase the compressive strength of pervious concrete. The waste material was the coconut shell ash and coconut shell flake. The method was to strengthen the coarse aggregate concrete mixture. It was expected to increase the compressive strength along with the increase in permeability. Thus, in this study, the researchers will replace part of the coarse aggregate with coconut shell flake with percentage 0%, 2,5%, 5%, 7,5%, 10% and partially replace cement with coconut shell ash with percentage 0%, 2,5%, 5%, 7,5%. The results show that the combination of coconut shell flake and coconut shell ash does not increase the compressive strength of the concrete mixture. However, it increases the porosity, permeability, and as a result, the density is getting lower. Further study will be performed on porous concrete using coconut shell flake for lower load facilities, such as pedestrian or bicycle pathways.

Impact of aggregate type and size and mineral admixtures on the properties of pervious concrete: An experimental investigation

Balancing the permeability with the compressive strength of pervious concrete is essential to satisfy the requirements for pavement concrete. The aggregate type and size and mineral admixtures are important factors influencing the permeability and the compressive strength of pervious concrete. 56 groups of pervious concrete samples with different aggregate types and sizes and mineral admixtures were prepared. Test results show that higher compressive strength and permeability are obtained in pervious concrete with dolerite aggregate compared to pervious concrete with granite aggregate. The optimum porosity and w/c for pervious concrete with both dolerite and granite are 18% and 0.25, respectively, in the studied ranges. For granite aggregate, the permeability decreases as the particle size increases in the case of single size and the lowest permeability is observed for the combined gradation of granite aggregate. The compressive strength of pervious concrete increases with the increase of replacement level of silica fume while it decreases with the increase of replacement level of fly ash. The maximum permeability for single used of silica fume and fly ash is found at the replacement level of 6% and 10%, respectively. The maximum permeability for the combined used of silica fume and fly ash was observed in the case of 0% fly ash and 6% silica fume.

A novel method to predict the mesostructure and performance of pervious concrete

The permeability and compressive strength of pervious concrete are mainly determined by its mesostructures including the pore, cement paste and aggregate. However, most of the current performance prediction methods have not considered the influence of mesostructural characteristics on the performance reasonably and comprehensively. In this study, a novel method based on image processing techniques was proposed to predict the mesostructures of pervious concrete. Experiments were designed to validate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed mesostructure prediction method. Furthermore, the prediction models of the permeability and compressive strength are proposed using the predicted characteristics of cement paste distribution. This study provides a novel method that can predict the mesostructures of pervious concrete with various mix design without repeated X-ray scanning, reducing the time and cost of trials. Compared to the reported correlation models between performance and pore characteristics, the proposed models can predict the performance accurately.

Evaluation of the Hydraulic, Physical, and Mechanical Properties of Pervious Concrete Using Iron Tailings as Coarse Aggregates

Aggregates are a significant component of pervious concrete. Pervious concrete using iron tailings as coarse aggregates was prepared to study the feasibility of this approach. A mix design procedure was also used to design pervious concrete based on different target porosities. The effective porosity, measured porosity, dry density, compressive strength, and permeability coefficient of pervious concrete were studied. The results show that the mix design procedure based on a target porosity is relatively reasonable for designing iron tailing-based pervious concrete. The 28 d compressive strength of the pervious concrete decreased from 42 to 11 MPa as the effective porosity increased from 5.2% to 27.2%. The effective porosity of the equilibrium point of the compressive strength and permeability coefficient of pervious concrete was approximately 16%, where the compressive strength was 21.5 MPa, and the water permeability was 3.2 mm/s. The permeability coefficient of pervious concrete can be predicted as an exponential function of the effective porosity, and the compressive strength of pervious concrete can be predicted as a logarithmic function of the effective porosity.

Effect of marble waste aggregate percentage with fly ash admixture toward compressive strength of pervious concrete

Pervious concrete with marble and gravel substitution shows low compressive strength. In another attempt the experiments carried out by adding fly ash as much as 20% of the weight of cement showed an optimal strength. This research aims to increase the compressive strength of pervious concrete by modify coarse aggregate proportions and adding fly ash admixture. Method that used is experimental with 4 variations aggregate size mixture. Type 1 are aggregate variation size of 2 cm, 1,5 cm, and 1 cm, type 2 are aggregate variation size of 2 cm and 1,5 cm, type 3 are aggregate variations size of 2 cm and 1 cm, and type 4 aggregate size 2 cm. Tests are on permeability test and concrete compressive strength test on age 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, 28 days. Permeability test results based on type of variations aggregate size respectively are 0,750 cm/sec, 0,737 cm/sec, 0,647 cm/sec, and 0,840 cm/sec. The results of the compressive strength test on all type at 28 days respectively are 8,008 MPa, 9,879 MPa, 11,542 MPa, and 8,357 MPa. Results of research on variations in the mixture, the maximum compressive strength is variations of coarse aggregate size 2 cm and 1 cm.

An Experimental Paper on Compressive Strength of Pervious Concrete

An Experimental Paper on Compressive Strength of Pervious Concrete

Influence of aggregate size on compressive strength of pervious concrete

The aggregate size is an important factor influencing the compressive strength of pervious concrete. This work is focused on the study of the relationship among aggregate size, compressive strength, pore structure, cementitious paste thickness, and then understanding the influence of aggregate size on the compressive strength of pervious concrete. Eight groups of pervious concrete samples with almost the same porosity but different aggregate size were prepared. The 2D/3D pore characteristics and fractal dimension were extracted and analyzed based on CT images. The cementitious paste thickness was determined by a modified semi-manual hand measurement method. Test results show that the compressive strength increases rapidly with the increase of aggregate size at first, while the aggregate size is beyond 7 mm the effect of aggregate size on compressive strength is not so obvious. The compressive strength changes with aggregate size can be mainly attributed to the effect of aggregate size on pores characteristics and cementitious paste thickness. It is found that the compressive strength is most sensitive to the content of the small pores (0–1.5 mm2). The increase of the small pores content will decrease the compressive strength. With the increase of fractal dimension of the pores, the compressive strength first increases and then decreases. While the cementitious paste thickness is less than 1.15 mm, the compressive strength increases slowly with the cementitious paste thickness increases. Once the cementitious paste thickness exceeds 1.15 mm, the compressive strength remains relatively stable.

Prediction of permeability and unconfined compressive strength of pervious concrete using evolved support vector regression

Abstract Pervious concrete is a widely used construction material thanks to its good drainage characteristics. Before application, its most important properties, i.e. the permeability coefficient (PC) and 28-day unconfined compressive strength (UCS) are required to be tested. However, conducting PC and UCS tests with multiple influencing variables is time-consuming and costly. To address this issue, this paper proposed, for the first time, an evolved support vector regression (ESVR) tuned by beetle antennae search (BAS) to accurately and effectively predict the PC and UCS of pervious concrete. To prepare the dataset of the ESVR model, 270 specimens in total were prepared and casted in a controlled environment in the laboratory. The water-to-cement (w/c) ratio, aggregate-to-cement (a/c) ratio, and aggregate size were selected as the crucial influencing variables for the inputs, while PC and UCS were the outputs of this model. The results indicate that both the PC and UCS firstly increased and then decreased with increasing w/c ratio. As the a/c ratio increased, PC increased, while UCS decreased. Moreover, BAS is more reliable and efficient than random hyper-parameter selection for hyper-parameter tuning. A low root-mean-square error (RMSE) and high correlation coefficient (R) indicate a relatively high predictive capability of the proposed ESVR model. The sensitivity analysis (SA) suggests the a/c ratio and aggregate size were the most sensitive variables for UCS and PC, respectively. This pioneering work provides a simple and convenient method for evaluating PC and UCS of pervious concrete.

Study on Strength Characteristics of Pervious Concrete Using Mineral Admixtures

Pervious concrete is a special type of concrete emerged out in the concrete world. It is referred as porous concrete or no fines concrete. The porous concrete has wide applications in the pavement with low traffic intensity, sidewalks, pathways, platforms, parking lots etc. Since the pervious concrete allows the groundwater replenishment and prevents the pool of water standing on the earth surface during rainfall-runoff, it helps in the stormwater management. In the present work, the partial replacement of cement with silica fume (SF) and metakaolin (MK) as mineral admixtures to an extent from 10 to 30 % by varying water-cement (w/c) ratio from 0.36 to 0.40 was done to study the effect on the performance of pervious concrete. From the results, an optimum w/c ratio was found to be as 0.38 along with 1.5% of the superplasticizer. The experimental results reveal that the compressive strength of pervious concrete containing mineral admixtures was found to be better than the compressive strength of conventional pervious concrete. Among three different percentage of substitutes used, 20% was found to be an optimum value in both the cases. Pervious concrete with SF as admixture exhibited better strength among the two admixtures..

Simulation Analysis of Pervious Concrete Performance Based on Discrete Element Method

In order to study the uniaxial loading failure process of pervious concrete and the influence of water-cement ratio and loading rate on the compressive strength, we carry out indoor uniaxial compression test and establish parallel bond model by discrete element program PFC2D to analysis from the angle of micro. By comparing the indoor test data with discrete element simulation results, we found that the compressive strength of pervious concrete increased with the increase of water cement ratio, and there is a difference between the state of failure and the distribution of cracks. With the increase of loading rate, the compressive strength of pervious concrete is improving, the corresponding peak point strain is reducing, the number of microscopic cracks is decreasing, and the degree of breakage is reducing.

Experimental Investigation of Compressive Strength and Infiltration Rate of Pervious Concrete by Fully Reduction of Sand

The aim of the study is to investigate compressive strength of pervious concrete by reduction of fine aggregate from zero to 100%, additionally investigate infiltration rate of pervious concrete. Experimental study has conducted at Cecos Engineering University Peshawar. The pervious concrete samples were produced for 7 and 28 days. Compressive strength of pervious concrete indicated higher reduction of the sand reduces compressive strength and almost 50% compressive strength decreased by reduction of 100% sand from the design mix. On the other side, infiltration rate for 28 days shows direct relation above 40% reduction of sand and highest 273% of infiltration rate by reducing 100% sand from the design mix. The 90% reduction of sand from concrete give considerable compressive strength of 2150 psi and infiltration rate of 165.79 inch/hour, which can be recommended for pavements of parking and walking area.

The Influence of Fly Ash and Aggregates Composition on Pervious Concrete Characteristics

Fly ash as a pozzolanic waste material can be utilized to substitute part of Portland cement in concrete mixture. The concrete paving industry utilizes the fly ash up to 50% (by weight) of the total binder. This study aims to obtain the characteristics of fly ash applications for pervious concrete. The composition of the binder developed based on the optimal proportion of fly ash from the previous study and the maximum of fly ash percentage used by the local paving industry in general. Other mix variations were made of the same binder composition with the addition of 6% of fine aggregates. The compressive strength of pervious concrete which binder composed of 63% portland cemet composite-25% fly ash-12% silica fume gained at 28 days, was not much different from the compressive strength of the pervious concrete without fine aggregate and with the binder composition of 50% FA-50% PCC and 0% SF. The value of the compressive strength test of the pervious concrete without fine aggregate is still within the range of compressive strength values ​​according to the ACI 522 R-10. The permeability rate of the pervious concrete is in the range of permeability research result of Chopra, 2013 (0.97 ÷ 1.90 cm/sec), but still higher compared to permeability rate gained by Dewoolkar, 2009 (0.83 ÷ 0.98 cm/sec).

Development of Vegetation-Pervious Concrete in Grid Beam System for Soil Slope Protection.

One of the most efficient and environmentally friendly methods for preventing a landslide on a slope is to vegetate it. Vegetation-pervious concretes have a promising potential for soil protection. In this study, the vegetation-pervious concrete with low alkalinity was developed and studied. Combined with a grid beam structure system, the stability and strength between the vegetation-pervious concrete and base soil are believed to be enhanced effectively. For improving plant adaptability, the alkalinity of concrete can be decreased innovatively by adding a self-designed admixture into the cement paste. The effects of the admixture content on alkalinity and compressive strength of the hardened pervious concrete were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and compression test, respectively. Meanwhile, the permeability of the vegetation-pervious concrete was studied as well. Through comparing with ordinary pervious concrete, the effect of low alkaline pervious concrete on vegetation growth was investigated in a small-scale field for ten weeks. The test results indicated that the alkalinity of the cement samples decreased with the increase of admixture content, and the vegetation grew successfully on previous concrete. By increasing the admixture content to approximately 3.6%, the compressive strength of pervious concrete was more than 25 MPa.

Properties of pervious concrete containing recycled concrete block aggregate and recycled concrete aggregate

The properties of pervious concretes containing two types of recycled aggregates viz., recycled concrete block aggregate (RBA) and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) were studied. They were incorporated in pervious concretes by replacing natural aggregate at the levels of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% by weight. Compressive strength, density, total void, water permeability, thermal conductivity and surface abrasion resistance of pervious concrete containing the aggregates were determined. Both RBA and RCA increased the compressive strengths of pervious concretes except at the high replacement level of 100%. The incorporation of RCA at all replacement levels increased the surface abrasion resistance of pervious concrete. For RBA, the improvement in surface abrasion resistance was obtained with only up to 20% replacement level. Although the recycled aggregates were weaker than natural aggregate, the improvements in strength and abrasion resistance were achieved as a result of a better bonding between recycled aggregate and cement paste due to increased surface porosity and roughness of recycled aggregates. The improvements in strength and surface abrasion resistance are important for the utilization of pervious concrete.

Compression response of normal and high strength pervious concrete

The last century in the construction industry has shown an increasing interest in pervious concrete, an environmentally friendly material. Although emphasis has been placed on the relationship between compressive behavior of conventional pervious concrete and total porosity, not much research has been carried out to characterize the relationship between compressive behavior of pervious concrete with varied matrix strengths, aggregate to binder ratios, and aggregate sizes. In this research 27 series of pervious concrete were mixed and experimentally tested in compressive strength using matrix strengths ranging from 29MPa to 174MPa, aggregate to binder ratios from 2.5 to 3.5 and aggregate sizes from 1.2mm to 4.8mm. A systematic analysis has been carried out to quantify the influence of matrix strength, amount of binder, and size of aggregates on the compressive strength of pervious concrete. Four existing compressive strength prediction equations are examined and their validity for the different series investigated. Based on the existing equations, an extended equation is proposed and its validity is verified by the enhanced agreement between predicted and experimentally measured compressive strength. In this context, the necessity to distinguish total porosity from effective porosity is highlighted and taken into account.

Method to Investigate Mix Design Parameters of Pervious Concrete Mixtures

Proportioning of the constituents of pervious concrete (PC) mixtures is an intricate task, as it is sensitive to the balance of two intrinsic properties: air voids content and compressive strength. The research presented in this paper proposes a novel volumetrics-based method for proportioning PC mixtures by evaluating the relationships between and the impact of the aggregates volume needed to form the skeleton of the mix, the mortar volume needed to coat those aggregates, and the bridge between them, in addition to the air voids content. The paper also examines the effect of mortar constituents, PC specimen diameter, and the characteristics of the mortar bridging the aggregates on the proportioning and mechanical properties of PC mixes. The study shows that the compressive strength of PC is mainly governed by the volume of mortar between the aggregates, in addition to the air voids content, and not by the mechanical properties of the mortar. The study also recommends that specimens with a diameter of 150 mm be used to measure the void content and compressive strength of PC. Finally, a mathematical model that relates the compressive strength of PC to its void content is proposed. The model can be used to predict the mean compressive strength of PC for air voids content ranging from 15% to 43%.