Compressive Strength Of Concrete Cubes Research Articles

Strength analysis of concrete pavement deformation due to Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR)

Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR) is a chemical reaction that negatively affects concrete pavements strengths and integrity. ASR impedes concrete pavements' performance due to the formation of cracks and ultimate deformation if not properly controlled. Concrete pavements are gaining more relevance due to their ability to be constructed on soils with low bearing capacity and support high traffic loadings, thus increasing the need for studies on how ASR in the concrete pavements can be mitigated. This study employed compressive and flexural strength tests to determine the strength properties and deformation of concrete pavements due to ASR when partially replaced with CBA at varying percentages. Static structural modelling of the concrete as a multiphase material in which aggregates, cracks and gel formations are considered as embedded inclusions in the cement paste is then carried out. The results are then compared with relevant standards and findings of other researchers. The study's findings reveal that all the concrete cube samples passed the recommended compressive strength for rigid pavement, which range from 35 - 40 N/mm2 at 28th day. The concrete cube samples also passed the target strength of 48.25 N/mm2 obtained from the mix design. The effect of ASR resulted in lower compressive and flexural strengths observed at 180th and 240th days with lower CBA addition, while samples containing higher CBA contents had increasing compressive strength. The static structural modelling results reveal that the maximum deformation was obtained for the concrete cubes admixed with 0% CBA with 47.045 mm while the least deformation was obtained at 30% CBA replacement with deformation value of 5.542 mm on application of a 900 KN force. Therefore, the study posits that CBA addition will help reduce Portland Cement Concrete Pavement deformation due to ASR in relation to traffic loadings. Cite as: Adanikin A, Falade F, Olutaiwo A. Strength analysis of concrete pavement deformation due to Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR). Alg. J. Eng. Tech. 2020; 3: 020-027. http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4400227 References Hajighasemali S, Ramezanianpour A, Kashefizadeh M. The effect of alkali–silica reaction on strength and ductility analyses of RC beams. Magazine of concrete research. 2014;66(15):751-760. Grimal E, Sellier A, Multon S, Le Pape Y, Bourdarot E. Concrete modelling for expertise of structures affected by alkali aggregate reaction. Cement and Concrete Research. 2010 ;40(4):502-507. Monette LJ, Gardner NJ, Grattan-Bellew PE. Residual strength of reinforced concrete beams damaged by alkali-silica reaction—Examination of damage rating index method. Materials Journal. 2002 ;99(1):42-50. Huaquan YA, Zhen LI, Meijuan RA, Xiaomei SH. Study on Influence of Aggregate Combination and Inhibition Material ofAlkali-silica Reaction in Fully-Graded Concrete. Materials Science. 2020;26(3):363-372. Malhotra VM, Mehta PK. High-performance, high-volume fly ash concrete: materials, mixture proportioning, properties, construction practice, and case histories. Supplementary Cementing Materials for Sustainable Development, Incorporated. Ottawa Canada, 2002: 101p. Falade F, Ikponmwosa E, and Fapohunda C. Potential of Pulverized Bone as a Pozzolanic material. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research. 2012; 3(7): 1-6. Evon, D. Is This ‘Goliath Skeleton’ Real? Retrieved from: https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/is-this-goliath-skeleton-real/; (2018). BS 1881-116. Testing concrete. Method for determination of compressive strength of concrete cubes. 1983. ASTM, C78M. Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading). ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. 2018. Ahmed T, Burley E, Rigden S, Abu-Tair AI. The effect of alkali reactivity on the mechanical properties of concrete. Construction and Building Materials. 2003;17(2):123-144. Smaoui N, Berube MA, Fournier B, Bissonnette B, Durand B. Effects of alkali addition on the mechanical properties and durability of concrete. Cement and concrete research. 2005;35(2):203-12. Ankit K. Kisku N. Effect of silica fume and fly ash as partial replacement of cement on strength of concrete. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology. 2016;5(10), 18618 – 18624. Subbaramaiah G, Sudarsana HR, Vaishali GG. Effect of addition and partial replacement of cement by wood waste ash on strength properties of structural grade concrete. International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology. 2015; 2(9): 736-743 Olutaiwo AO, Yekini OS, Ezegbunem II. Utilizing Cow Bone Ash (CBA) as partial replacement for cement in highway rigid pavement construction. SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering. 2018; 5(2): 13-19. Adanikin A, Falade F, Olutaiwo AO, Faleye ET. Ajayi AJ. Investigation of the effect of Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) on Properties of Concrete Pavement Admixed with Cow Bone Ash (CBA) by Electrical Resistivity Method. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2019, 640(1): 1-9 Kadyali LR. Lal NB. Principles and practices of highway engineering including expressways and airport engineering. (Khanna Publishers, New Delhi). 2014. Marzouk H. Langdon S. The effect of alkali aggregate reactivity on the mechanical properties of high and normal strength concrete. Cement and Concrete Composites. 2003;25: 549–556. Giaccio G, Zerbino R, Ponce JM, Batic OR. Mechanical behavior of concretes damaged by alkali-silica reaction. Cement and Concrete Research. 2008;38(7):993-1004.

Possibility of Usage of Seawater for Mixing and Curing of Concrete in Salty Water Localities

Aims: This study examines the possibility of using seawater as an alternative to freshwater in concrete mixing and curing in areas prone to saltwater. The study was as a result of shortage and scarcity of Freshwater in some parts of the world; mostly in the coastal areas, where seawater is the only source of water.
 Place and Duration of Study: Seawater was obtained from Port Harcourt Tourist beach, River State, Nigeria was used to mix and cure a set of concrete cubes (CSW). And freshwater obtained from our Civil Engineering laboratory was used to mix and cure another set of concrete cubes (CFW) that serves as a control. The maximum days of curing were 28days.
 Methodology: Concrete cubes of 150x150x150mm3 were produced and cured with sea and freshwater respectively. The compressive strength of those cubes were determined using Compression Testing Machine. The studied variable was only water used for mixing and curing of the concrete cubes. Other constituents of the concrete: cement, fine aggregate, and coarse aggregate were kept constant.
 Results: It was found that the compressive strengths of concrete cubes mixed and cured with seawater at 7, 14, 21 and 28days were within the acceptable limits and a bit higher than those of cubes mixed and cured with fresh water. The variation in compressive strength of CSW and CFW at the 28th day of curing was just 1.45%. Hence, the seawater didn’t affect the compressive strength.
 Conclusion: With the little variation in compressive strength between the CSW and CFW at the 28th day of curing; it is recommended that seawater can possibly be used for concrete mixing and curing in areas where freshwater is not available; provided that the concrete is kept inherently dry to prevent corrosion. In addition, higher concrete covers can be provided when designing the concrete structures. Meanwhile, careful and adequate design, well-supervised construction, and curing should be ensured to improve the ingress resistance of the concrete structures. However, the long-term effect of the seawater on the properties of concrete and reinforcements were not investigated.

Experimental Study on Compressive Strength, Water Retention And Water Absorption of self-curing Concrete With Different Curing Conditions

Curing of concrete is maintaining satisfactory moisture content in concrete during its early stages in order to develop the desired properties. « However good curing is not always practical in many cases, therefore the need to develop self-curing agents attracted several researchers ». « The concept of several self-curing agents is to reduce water evaporation from concrete and hence increase the water retention capacity of concrete compared to conventional concrete, the use of self-curing agent is very important from the point view that water resources are getting valuable every day ». This project summarizes various aspects of self-curing of concrete which can be of valuable assistance in adopting good construction practices at site. M25 grade concrete cube specimens prepared based on the standards and availability of materials without and with 30% of flyash and quarry dust replaced as cement and fine aggregate and cubes cured by covering them with a external self-curing compound BONDIT CURE WB, air dried and normal water. These specimens are then tested after 7,14 and 28 days to obtain the compressive strength in three different conditions. The compressive strength of concrete cubes is calculated and compressive strength of self-curing concrete is compared with the different conditions. At the end of curing period of 7,14 and 28 days the amount of water retained in self cured concrete cubes is calculated and compared with the air dried cubes. Water absorption test is conducted on air dried concrete and self cured concrete cubes and the amount of water is absorbed is calculate and compared.

Study of Fly Ash, Rice Husk Ash and Marble Powder as Partial Replacement to Cement in Concrete

Now days, the waste rice husk from rice mill, marble powder from tile industry and fly ash from steam power plant are necessary to utilize as partial replacement of cement for concrete production. Large scale production of cement required consumption of raw materials and energy as well as emissions to air which posse’s environmental threat in various areas of country. Apart from the environmental threat, there still exists the problem of shortage in many areas. Therefore, substitute material for concrete needs to be considered. The paper aims to analyze the compressive strength of concrete cubes and flexural strength of concrete beams made from partially replaced cement, sand, and coarse aggregate. This research study adopted in laboratory on 48 total specimens of grade M25 concrete cubes of size 150x150x150mm and concrte beams of size 100x100x500mm were casted. Out of the 48 concrete specimens cast, 6 each were made out 10%, 20%, and 30 % replacement of fly ash, rice husk ash and marble powder to cement in concrete. It was found that the compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete made from the mixture of 20 % partially replaced cement, sand and coarse aggregate was similar than the concrete made from without replaced cement , sand and coarse aggregate.

Concrete Subjected to spiral steel Fibre

Concrete is quite popular material in today’s era. It has a history of evolution at different stages. In modern time we can see concrete made structures all around rather it is Residential Buildings, flyovers, industrial building, water carrying structures like elevated water tanks etc. It is strong under compression yet weak under tension. To counter the weakness in tension we have to add something which can bear tensile force subjected to concrete ex: steel bars and to resist cracks we have to add fibres which gave some additional benefits along with increasing cracking strength it also improve tensile, flexural, shear, torsional strength and also improves its durability etc. Present study is to ascertain the behavior of steel fibre reinforced concrete with varying percentage of fibres. The experiments were conducted on concrete mixes of M20 grades. Spring fibres of length 25mm and diameter of 0.1mm (cross-section) and spring diameter 8mm with aspect ratio of 31.25 was used. Concrete was reinforced with different percentage of above mentioned fibres i.e. 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% by weight of cement. A total of 15 cubes of standard size 150mm*150mm*150mm, 15 cylinders of 150mm diameter and 300mm height were cast and 15 beams of 100mm*100mm*500mm were cast and tested under two point loading to find flexural strength. The experimental program involved the evaluation of the compressive strength of concrete cubes under uniaxial compression. The cylinders were tested for their splitting tensile strength and the tensile strength was recorded under uniaxial compression testing machine. Flexural test on plain concrete and SFRC-Standard beam of size 100mm*100mm*500mm Were supported symmetrically over a span of 420 mm and subjected to two points loading till failure of the specimen.

Experimental Study on Sand and Cement Replacement by Termite Mound Soil

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of the compressive strength of concrete cubes containing termite mound soil. The specimens were cast using M20 grade of concrete. Two mix ratios for replacement of sand and cement are of 1:1.7:2.7 and 1:1.5:2.5 (cement: sand: aggregate) with water- cement ratio of 0.45 and varying combination of termite mound soil in equal amount ranging from 30% and 40% replacing fine aggregate (sand) and cement from 10%,15%,20% were used. A total of 27 cubes, 18 cylinders and 6 beams were cast by replacing fine aggregate, specimens were cured in water for 7,14 and 28 days. The test results showed that the compressive strength of the concrete cubes increases with age and decreases with increasing percentage replacement of cement and increases with increasing the replacement of sand with termite mound soil cured in water. The study concluded that termite mound cement concrete is adequate to use for construction purposes in natural environment.

Use of Glass Dust to Improve Concrete Strength on Offshore Platform Installations

The primary aim of this study is to investigate the influence of using glass dust as an additional in conventional concrete material on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete. Soil pollution happen when non-biodegradable materials disposed into land. However, the used of this non- biodegradable can do wonder for construction purposes. This is due to the non- biodegradable materials which cannot be broken down to simple organic molecules by micro-organisms. Glass dust is one of the example of non- biodegradable. Nowadays, the used of this dust becoming more popular due to its properties. In this study, the glass dust which consist of silica has being used as an additional ingredients to concrete cement. The concentrations of the glass has being varies to determine the mechanical properties e.g. compressive strength of M35 grade concrete. The variation of glass dust are from 10, 20 and 30%. The compressive strength of concrete cubes is tested after 7 and 14 days. The outcomes of the study are presented in tables and graphs.

Factors Affecting Compressive Strength Development in Alkali-activated Slag Concrete

Studies show that the production and use of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is responsible for more than 5% of the global CO2 emission. Alkali-activated slag (AAS) has been studied for decades as potential alternative to OPC. Engineers are interested in understanding and quantifying the fresh properties, mechanical properties, and durability of concrete made used AAS as sole binder. This paper reviews some of the literature highlighting the factors affecting compressive strength development in AAS slag. These include water-binder-ratio, temperature, humidity, and amount of Na2O, molarity of the alkaline activator solution, and type of alkaline activator. For instance, certain studies reported that AAS concrete activated using sodium silicate solution (water-glass) produce higher 7-day and 28-day compressive strength compared to similar concrete that use 100% OPC, concrete activated using sodium hydroxide (NaOH), or concrete activated using potassium hydroxide (KOH). When NaOH is used as activator, mechanical properties of concrete improved with increase in molarity of the alkaline activator solution. Compressive strength of concrete cubes increases with increase in the amount of Na2O supplied by the activator solution but to an optimum beyond which further increase in Na2O results in decrease in compressive strength. However, the optimum amount of Na2O, often reported as percentage of total slag content, varied from one study to another, probably dependent on the type of activator used as well as the water-to-binder (w/b) ratio.

The Effect of the Presence of Ferric Iron in Water used for the Production of Concrete on Its Compressive Strength

This study examined the effect of ferric iron inherent in mixing water on the compressive strength of concrete. Portland Limestone Cement was considered in the production of the 150mm concrete cube samples. Dirt free river sand and crushed stone with maximum size of 14mm was used as fine and coarse aggregate respectively. The water samples used for the study were sourced from the following locations as stated: Sample 1: Niger Delta University Portable water at Niger Delta University Campus, Wilberforce Island (labelled P1). Sample2: Raw water from borehole at Niger Delta University Campus, Wilberforce Island and allowed to oxidized about 3 hours. Sample 3: Raw water from borehole at Amassoma in southern Ijaw Local Area, Bayelsa state and allowed to oxidized for about 3 hours. Sample 4: Oxidized water from Ogobiri in Sagbama Local Area, Bayelsa state. Sample 5: Oxidized water from Azikoro in Yenagoa Local Area, Bayelsa state. 150mm x 150mm concrete cubes samples were prepared with the various water samples stated above. A mix ratio of 1:11/2:3 was used for this experimental study. The samples were cured in accordance with BS EN 12390-2. Compressive strength values were determined for all specimens by means of a compression testing machine. Samples were tested to failure at 7, 14, 21 and 28days. The concrete compressive strengths test results for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days for sample 1 was 24.22 N/mm2, 27.63 N/mm2, 34.04 N/mm2 and 34.59N/mm2. For sample 2 was 18.79 N/mm2, 23.55 N/mm2, 27.30 N/mm2 and 28.59N/mm2, for sample 3 was 21.12 N/mm2, 22.81 N/mm2, 25.19 N/mm2 and 26.56N/mm2, for sample 4 was 19.80N/mm2, 22.71N/mm2, 26.80N/mm2 and 27.40N/mm2and for sample was 20.89N/mm2, 21.88 N/mm2, 26.20 N/mm2 and 27.30N/mm2respectively. The test results, show a noticeable decrease in compressive strength of concrete cubes cast with water that contained ferric iron when compared with water free from ferric iron. It was concluded that Ferric iron as impurities in mixing water have significant effect on the strength of concrete.

Effect of the Presence of Ferric Iron in Water used for the Production of Concrete on Its Compressive Strength

This study examined the effect of ferric iron inherent in mixing water on the compressive strength of concrete. Portland Limestone Cement was considered in the production of the 150mm concrete cube samples. Dirt free river sand and crushed stone with maximum size of 14mm was used as fine and coarse aggregate respectively. The water samples used for the study were sourced from the following locations as stated: Sample 1: Niger Delta University Portable water at Niger Delta University Campus, Wilberforce Island (labelled P1). Sample2: Raw water from borehole at Niger Delta University Campus, Wilberforce Island and allowed to oxidized about 3 hours. Sample 3: Raw water from borehole at Amassoma in southern Ijaw Local Area, Bayelsa state and allowed to oxidized for about 3 hours. Sample 4: Oxidized water from Ogobiri in Sagbama Local Area, Bayelsa state. Sample 5: Oxidized water from Azikoro in Yenagoa Local Area, Bayelsa state. 150mm x 150mm concrete cubes samples were prepared with the various water samples stated above. A mix ratio of 1:11/2:3 was used for this experimental study. The samples were cured in accordance with BS EN 12390-2. Compressive strength values were determined for all specimens by means of a compression testing machine. Samples were tested to failure at 7, 14, 21 and 28days. The concrete compressive strengths test results for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days for sample 1 was 24.22 N/mm2, 27.63 N/mm2, 34.04 N/mm2 and 34.59N/mm2. For sample 2 was 18.79 N/mm2, 23.55 N/mm2, 27.30 N/mm2 and 28.59N/mm2, for sample 3 was 21.12 N/mm2, 22.81 N/mm2, 25.19 N/mm2 and 26.56N/mm2, for sample 4 was 19.80N/mm2, 22.71N/mm2, 26.80N/mm2 and 27.40N/mm2and for sample was 20.89N/mm2, 21.88 N/mm2, 26.20 N/mm2 and 27.30N/mm2respectively. The test results, show a noticeable decrease in compressive strength of concrete cubes cast with water that contained ferric iron when compared with water free from ferric iron. It was concluded that Ferric iron as impurities in mixing water have significant effect on the strength of concrete.

Estimating moment capacity of ferrocement members using self-evolving network

In this paper, an empirical model based on self-evolving neural network is proposed for predicting the flexural behavior of ferrocement elements. The model is meant to serve as a simple but reliable tool for estimating the moment capacity of ferrocement members. The proposed model is trained and validated using experimental data obtained from the literature. The data consists of information regarding flexural tests on ferrocement specimens which include moment capacity and cross-sectional dimensions of specimens, concrete cube compressive strength, tensile strength and volume fraction of wire mesh. Comparisons of predictions of the proposed models with experimental data indicated that the models are capable of accurately estimating the moment capacity of ferrocement members. The proposed models also make better predictions compared to methods such as the plastic analysis method and the mechanism approach. Further comparisons with other data mining techniques including the back-propagation network, the adaptive spline, and the Kriging regression models indicated that the proposed models are superior in terms prediction accuracy despite being much simpler models. The performance of the proposed models was also found to be comparable to the GEP-based surrogate model.

Effect of Mould Size on Compressive Strength of Green Concrete Cubes

This paper is aimed to evaluate the effect of mould size on compressive strength of concrete cubes made with recyclable concrete aggregates. Natural coarse aggregates were replaced with 50% recycled aggregates from old demolished concrete. Five different mould sizes were used to cast 420 concrete cubes using 1:2:4 mix and 0.55 water/cement ratio. In each size equal number of cubes was cured for 3, 7, 14 and 28-day. After curing, weight of cubes was determined followed by testing for compressive strength in universal load testing machine with gradually increasing load. From the obtained results the strength correction coefficients were computed keeping 28-day cured standard size cubes as control specimens. Also, numerical expression based on regression analysis was developed to predict the compressive strength using weight of cube, area of mould and curing age as input parameter. The numerical equation predicts the compressive strength very well with maximum of 10.86% error with respect to experimental results.

Causes of failure in concrete elements buried in lagoon water

The effect of salt attack on reinforced concrete structures in marine environment has become a source of concern to stakeholders in the construction industry. This trend has led to cracks and sometimes failure of structural members that are exposed to this environment. This study investigated the strength performance of concrete elements in lagoon water which is an offshoot of the Atlantic Ocean in Lagos State, Nigeria. A total of ten 150 mm cubes, and ten 150 mm × 150 mm × 600 mm reinforced concrete beams were cast using Portland limestone cement of 42.5-R at 28 days strength of 40 N/mm2 and cured in both fresh and Lagoon water with water-cement ratio of 0.45. Chemical analysis were carried out to determine the concentration of ions. Mechanical tests were also carried out on the concrete elements. The chemical analysis result showed that Calcium (Ca) was the predominant element having 61.62% in the concrete sample cured with lagoon water while concrete sample cured in fresh water had 51.77%. The flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete beams showed that the flexural stiffness of beams were 15.1 N/mm2 and 12.46 N/mm2 in the lagoon and fresh water, respectively. The compressive strength of concrete cubes cured in fresh water was 42.67 N/mm2 while that of lagoon water was 34.22 N/mm2. The preliminary results showed that concrete gained strength at the early stage for reinforced concrete beams buried in the Lagoon and reduced in strength at the early stage for concrete cubes buried in Lagoon. The result of the compressive strength showed that the high presence of salt could have contributed to the cracks and eventual spalling of concrete elements in marine environment.

Comparative study of Ikirun and Osogbo Slag on concrete grade 20

This study examined the use of Prism Steel Slag (PSS) and Machine Iron Slag (MIS) as partial replacement of coarse aggregate in concrete. Coarse aggregates were partially replaced with PSS and MIS at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% respectively. A total of 132 concrete cubes of sizes 150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm were cast and cured in water for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days respectively. Mix ratio of 1:2:4 was adopted with w/c ratio of 0.45 and batching was done by weight. The slump result indicated that the fresh concrete becomes stiff as the percentages of PSS and MIS increases. However, the compressive strengths of concrete cubes increased as the curing ages increases. 50% PSS and 40% MIS can successfully be used as partial replacement of coarse aggregate in the production of concrete grade 20. Keywords: Concrete, Coarse Aggregate, Strength, Machine Iron Slag, Prism Steel Slag

Strength and abrasion characteristics of pervious concrete

In this paper, the influence of the size of coarse aggregate and aggregate/cement ratio on the strength and abrasion properties of pervious concrete is reported. Pervious concrete mixes are prepared with single-sized aggregates (4.75, 10 and 12.5 mm), blends consisting of three different aggregate sizes and aggregate-to-cement ratios of 3.2, 4.5 and 5. Experimental results indicate that the strength characteristics and abrasion resistance of pervious concrete decrease with increase in the size of aggregate as well as aggregate-to-cement ratio. As voids created by higher size aggregates were filled up by lower size aggregates, mixtures with blended aggregates achieved the lowest void content. Existing equations relating splitting-tensile and flexural strengths with cube compressive strength is verified. As density increases, void content of pervious concrete mixtures decreases. A simple regression model relating abrasion resistance index, which is defined as the ratio of square root of dimensionless number of revolutions to weight loss/initial weight of specimen in Cantabro test, to cube compressive strength of concrete is proposed. The developed model had reasonable goodness of fit, which indicated high accuracy.

Study on Strength Properties of Concrete with Ceramic Waste Aggregate and Silica Fume Admixture

The ceramic waste is used as a coarse aggregate replacement in concrete is a two way beneficial process that involves minimization of resources for construction and processing of hazardous industrial wastes that cannot be recycled. The ceramic waste obtained from waste dismantled building were used as coarse aggregate 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% replacement. To improve the mechanical properties silica fume is added as admixture in the concrete. The optimum percentage replacement was obtained considering the strength as well as the objective of using ceramic waste aggregate. The compressive strength of concrete cubes were tested . The compressive strength of aggregate replaced concrete has been compared to that of conventional concrete and the results are evaluated.

Beneficiated pozzolans as cement replacement in bamboo-reinforced concrete: the intrinsic characteristics

The use of concrete containing supplementary cementitious materials has gained popularity as an eco-efficient and sustainable alternative to a number of concrete applications. In this study, beneficiated pozzolans, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and metakaolin (MK), were used as partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement in bamboo-reinforced concrete. In the mixtures, river sand and granite were used as fine and coarse aggregates, respectively. The compressive strength of concrete cubes, split-tensile strength of concrete cylinders, and flexural strength of reinforced concrete beams were determined after stipulated curing regimes. The morphology and mineralogy of bamboo and selected concrete mixtures were obtained using scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The concrete samples having blended cement were found to have better compressive and split-tensile strength than those made with conventional binder. Also, the mechanical characteristics of the samples improved up to 40% GGBS substitution. However, steel-reinforced concrete developed better flexural strength than the bamboo-reinforced concrete (BRC). The study recommends pretreatment of bamboo to ensure its adequate bonding with the cement paste, so as to achieve optimum performance of BRC.

Experimental Study on the Strength and Damping Properties of Polymer Recycled Concrete

This paper designed and completed the different polymer dosage of recycled concrete, was prepared by adding amount was 7%, 14%, 21%, 14% styrene butadiene latex recycled concrete, recycled rubber powder recycled concrete and ordinary concrete block, the cube compressive strength and damping performance test. The cube compressive strength of concrete test according to the ordinary concrete mechanics performance test methods, specimen is 150×150×150 mm cube specimens, pressure testing machine loading speed is 0.5 MPa per second. The concrete damping performance test is carried out according to the free attenuation method, with the hammer vibration test device, the test piece is T type. Based on the damage form of specimens, the compressive strength and damping performance analysis, and compared with ordinary concrete as the benchmark analysis test results show that the polymer recycled concrete cube compressive strength failure process and failure pattern basic consistent with common concrete. In the water/cement ratio, sand ratio, and amount of material per unit volume is the same, under the condition of polymer recycled concrete cube compressive strength is lower than normal concrete, damping performance is higher than that of ordinary concrete, the compressive strength is inversely proportional to the damping sexual relations.

Effect of elevated temperature on the compressive strength of concrete produced with pulverized steel mill scale

Concrete materials in structures are usually exposed to high temperatures during fire. The relative properties of concrete after such an exposure are of great importance in terms of the serviceability of buildings. The effect of partial replacement of cement with pulverized steel mill scale (PSMS) on the compressive strength of concrete cubes was investigated in the first test. Furthermore, the influence of elevated temperatures on the compressive strength of the concrete cubes with cement partially replaced with PSMS was examined. For the second test the cubes were exposed to elevated temperatures ranging from the ambient temperature to 750°C in steps of 250°C for 2 hours and allowed to cool for 24 hours. Based on results of tests, partial replacement of cement with 10 % PSMS is recommended for use in concrete production and resistance to elevated temperature. The studies show that at this replacement, the concrete compressive strength is not adversely affected when the elevated temperature reaches 500°C. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v36i4.6

Effect of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag as Partial Cement Replacement on Compressive Strength of Concrete

Abstract The main objective of this research work is to determine the optimum replacement percentage of GGBS which can be suitably used. To fulfill the objective, various properties of concrete using GGBS have been evaluated. Mix design has been arrived for M25 concrete. Fineness, specific gravity (cement and GGBS), normal consistency, initial and final setting time and compressive strength of cement have been found out. Particle size distribution, bulking of fine aggregate, specific gravity, water absorption of fine aggregate and coarse aggregate are also found out. Three sets of experiments have been conducted for the compressive strength of concrete cubes without GGBS in which total nine concrete cubes have been casted and are tested at 7, 14 and 28 days. Then afterwards, 63 cubes, out of which, nine cubes each of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70%, GGBS replacement are also casted and are tested at 7, 14, and 28 days. Slump cone test has also been performed to find out the workability of control concrete and concrete with different percentage replacement. From the experimental investigations, it has been observed that, the workability of concrete increases with increase in percentage of GGBS. Compressive strength of concrete increases as the percentage of GGBS increases up to 40% replacement, beyond which it starts decreasing. The investigation revealed that the use of ground granulated blast-furnace slag, which is hazardous to the environment, may be used as a partial replacement of cement, which leads to economy and in addition, by utilizing the industrial wastes in the useful manner, the environment pollution is also reduced to great extent, which leads to sustainable development. Keywords : Ground granulated blast furnace slag, compressive strength, workability, particle size distribution, specific gravity Cite this Article Pandey Rajesh Kr, Abhishek Kumar, Ashish Mishra. Effect of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag as Partial Cement Replacement on Compressive Strength of Concrete. Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology and Management. 2017; 7(3): 1–10p.