Compression Phenomena Research Articles

Challenges in Diagnosing Adolescent Goiter: A Case Report with Brief Literature Insights in Juvenile Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis of the Thyroid Gland.

The prevalence of goiter, thyroid nodules, and thyroid cancers in the pediatric population has increased. In some rare cases, local conditions such as juvenile desmoid-type fibromatosis (JDTF) can mimic specific thyroid pathology, complicating the diagnostic process. A 17-year-old obese adolescent girl was admitted to the Endocrinology Department with progressive swelling on the left side of the neck, persisting for approximately one year, recently accompanied by dysphonia and inspiratory dyspnea, and ultimately diagnosed as a unilateral nodular goiter associated with compressive phenomena. Despite her euthyroid status, the thyroid ultrasound identified a suspected, large, non-homogeneous, hypoechogenic nodule with calcifications in the left thyroid lobe (TI-RADS score of 4), confirmed by a cervical-region MRI. The biopsy specimens obtained through fine-needle aspiration were classified as Bethesda III ("atypia of undetermined significance" or "follicular lesion of undetermined significance"). Left thyroid lobe removal was performed by a specialized surgeon in thyroid pathology, with histopathological analysis revealing a diagnosis of JDTF in the thyroid gland. Post-surgery, the patient showed favorable progress without any relapse. Pediatric endocrinologists face challenges in diagnosing and managing thyroid nodules in children due to their higher malignancy potential. Familiarity with similar conditions, such as JDTF, is crucial in accurate diagnosis and appropriate pediatric management.

Boundary-Layer Control via Suction Through Perforated Plates: A Novel Bleed Model

A novel bleed model derived from a comprehensive dataset generated by a numerical parametric study is introduced. This model discretely represents the hole contour on a porous patch, allowing the mesh to incorporate the hole pattern. This approach enables the extraction of the tangential Mach number at the outflow boundary condition within the RANS solver. Assessment of external flow conditions is conducted using this tangential hole Mach number and the pressure ratio from the cavity plenum to the wall. Separate regressions for supersonic and subsonic conditions are formulated based on extracted wall quantities. Comparing the model to state-of-the-art bleed models shows significant improvements in predicting downstream boundary-layer profiles, capturing compressible flow phenomena, and accurately predicting physical quantities such as wall pressure or shear stress. Application of the model to the control of shock-wave/boundary-layer interactions shows only minor differences from reference simulations, indicating its broad applicability. Derived from a comprehensive dataset, this model is validated for various external flow characteristics and plate geometries, enabling its use for diverse aerodynamic applications.

130 μJ linear-polarized single-frequency 12-μm-core Er/Yb co-doped fiber amplifier based on pre-shaped seed pulse

<sec>Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is the major barrier in the process of energy scaling for pulsed single-frequency fiber master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA). Due to gain saturation effect, the laser pulse profile will be gradually distorted with the increase of pump power, which induces steep leading edge and narrower width for the amplified pulses. The resulting laser peak power would increase rapidly and thus the SBS threshold is reached earlier to limit the amplification of pulse energy.</sec><sec>A method to obtain high-energy pulsed single-frequency laser by pulse pre-shaping is demonstrated in this work. By designing the leading edge of the triangular pulse, optimizing its rising trend and the duration of the low-intensity rising part, the pulse width compression phenomenon caused by gain saturation is alleviated effectively. Thereafter, the laser peak power increase process can be retarded to reach the SBS threshold so that higher energy can be amplified for the pulsed single-frequency fiber laser. In the experiment, when the seed pulse is optimized to be a triangular pulse with a low-intensity rising edge of 401 ns and a pulse width of 520 ns, a linear-polarized pulse single-frequency fiber laser of 130.9 μJ is obtained in a 12-μm-core Er/Yb co-doped polarization-maintaining fiber. The pulse width is broadened to 608 ns at the maximum energy. When it is compared with the triangular pulse seed with a rapidly rising leading edge, its maximum energy is increased by about 25%. The optical signal-to-noise ratio and polarization extinction ratio are measured to be 42 dB and 16 dB at the maximum pulse energy, respectively. The corresponding spectral linewidth measured by a delayed self-heterodyne system is 542 kHz. Higher pulse energy can be anticipated by further optimizing the pulse profile and using large-mode-are gain fibers.</sec>

Ultrasound characteristics and risk factors of female patients with pelvic varicose veins and concomitant chronic pelvic pain.

The study aims to elucidate clinical and ultrasonographic characteristics of female patients diagnosed with pelvic varicose veins (PVV) and to assess potential risk factors associated with incidences of chronic pelvic pain (CPP) in this population. Clinical and ultrasound data were retrospectively collected from female patients with PVV at Beijing Shijitan Hospital between December 2017 and October 2022. Patient cohorts were divided into two groups based on whether they had been experiencing non-periodic pelvic pain over six months, consistent with the symptoms of CPP. Comparative analyses were conducted between the two groups, utilizing both univariate and multivariate logistic regression methodologies to identify risk factors for CPP. (1) The study included a total of 236 patients: 89 patients in the CPP group and 147 patients in the non-CPP group. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups with regard to demographic parameters including age, height, weight, age of menarche, and number of pregnancies and births. However, the CPP group showed a higher menstrual volume score and a greater incidence of varicose veins, coupled with a lower Body Mass Index (BMI). (2) Transabdominal ultrasonography revealed that patients with CPP had a significantly larger diameter in the left ovarian vein (6.2 ± 1.9 mm vs 5.0 ±2.3mm, P <0.05), and a higher prevalence of left internal iliac vein incompetence (21.3 vs 8.8%). Moreover, positive rates for left ovarian vein incompetence were markedly higher (94.4% vs 23.1%, P <0.05) even in the absence of left common iliac vein compression and nutcracker phenomenon. (3) Multivariate logistic regression analysis discerned that the left ovarian vein reflux (Odds Ratio [OR] = 9.102, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 4.578-18.099; P <0.05), lower BMI (OR= 0.646, 95% CI: 0.502-0.83; P <0.05), elevated menstrual bleeding (OR = 1.182, 95% CI: 1.131-1.234; P <0.05), and concomitant varicose veins (OR= 3.140, 95% CI:1.067-9.273; P <0.05) are independent risk factors for the manifestations of CPP in our patient cohorts. Ultrasonography serves as an efficacious modality for evaluating abdomino-pelvic vascular pathology in PVV patients. Notably, left ovarian vein and internal iliac vein incompetence emerge as independent risk factors for CPP, thus offering a pivotal point of reference for clinical diagnosis and therapeutic management of PVV.

Numerical and experimental study of TIG welding arc in high frequency longitudinal magnetic field

The phenomenon of arc compression in TIG welding with high-frequency longitudinal magnetic field (HF-LMF) has been observed. However, its mechanism remains unclear, and there is a lack of numerical investigation. This work presents a two-dimension axisymmetrical model of arc plasma in high-frequency longitudinal magnetic field based on the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). The distributions of temperature, velocity and pressure of arc plasma in HF-LMF are investigated at different applied LMF frequencies ranging from 0 to 5000 Hz. In order to make the simulation results more convincing, the induced current and the electric force were considered. The results show that the HF-LMF could generate a circumferential electric field, causing particles rotating. However, since HF-LMF is variable, the direction of the electric field also changes, which causes the arc to rotate back and forth. When the frequency of HF-LMF reaches 2000 Hz, the negative pressure zone above the center of the anode disappeared and the arc was compressed. Thus, as the frequency of LMF increases, the distribution of current density, anodic heat flux, and arc pressure changes from a bimodal distribution to a unimodal distribution, and the peak value increases. The theoretical predictions were in good agreement with the experimental results.

Transient refrigerant distribution in a microchannel heat exchanger heat pump system under different reverse cycle defrosting strategies

The migration and redistribution of refrigerant are critical factors that affect the refrigeration system performance. To improve the defrosting and start-up heating performance, it is essential to investigate the transient distribution characteristics of refrigerant mass. However, quantitative studies on the transient distribution of refrigerant during defrosting and start-up heating stages in heat pump systems are scarce. The dynamic characteristics of defrosting and start-up heating cannot be deeply understood from the perspective of refrigerant migration. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to experimentally study the transient distribution characteristics of refrigerants during defrosting and start-up heating stages for different defrosting strategies. Based on the refrigerant-side dynamic characteristics, the defrosting cycle is divided into three stages for the defrosting strategy with the indoor fan off, the indoor coil charging stage, accumulator charging stage, and wet compression stage. Additionally, for the defrosting strategy with the indoor fan on, it is divided into two stages: the indoor coil charging stage and the outdoor coil discharging stage. For the defrosting strategy with the indoor fan off, the wet compression phenomenon occurs at 240 s, which poses significant challenges to the stability of the compressor. At the end of defrosting, the accumulator retains the most refrigerant for both defrosting strategies. From the perspective of refrigerant transient distribution, the start-up heating stage is the process of refrigerant migration from the accumulator to indoor and outdoor coils. The two main factors that affect start-up heating performance are heating the indoor coil metal, and vaporizing the liquid refrigerant in the accumulator. For the defrosting strategy with indoor fan on, the energy consumption of heating the indoor coil and vaporizing the liquid refrigerant is reduced by 45.7 % and 48.9 % during start-up heating. Based on the transient refrigerant distribution experiment, some methods to improve defrosting and start-up heating are also proposed. This study can provide useful insights into the transient distribution of refrigerants and provide guidance for defrosting optimization.

Multi-Dimensional Morphometric and Volumetric Analysis of the Posterior Cranial Fossa to Study Type I Chiari Malformation

Chiari malformation type I (CM-1) is a complex disorder in which tonsillar herniation through the foramen magnum manifests with a spectrum of clinical symptoms. This work analyzes morphometric and volumetric characteristics of CM-1 patients. With Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval, we retrospectively reviewed a total of 72 adult CM-1 patients and 26 healthy adult volunteers who underwent volumetric magnetic resonance brain imaging. Clinical data was retrospectively extracted from the electronic medical record. We analyzed multi-dimensional morphometric and volumetric features within the posterior cranial fossa and correlated these features with syrinx formation and the decision to undergo surgical decompression. In our study, CM-1 patients had decreased cerebellar, brainstem and 4th ventricular volumes but larger tonsillar volume with increased total tonsillar length. CM-1 patients who underwent surgery had significantly more neural tissue within the cross-sectional area of cisterna magna. Logistic regression demonstrated that combining neural tissue at foramen magnum with cerebellar & 4th ventricular volumes led to great degree of correlation with syrinx formation (AUC 0.911). Our findings suggest that the amount of tissue at the foramen magnum correlates with CM-1 patients who underwent decompressive surgery, more so than tonsillar length. Additionally, the combination of neural tissue at foramen magnum, cerebellar & 4th ventricular volumes led to great degree of correlation with syrinx formation. Together, these findings suggest that a global compressive phenomenon within the posterior fossa leads to CM-1 symptomatology and syrinx formation.

The influence of withdrawal-recharging pattern on the deformation characteristics of sand in confined aquifer

Land subsidence caused by excessive groundwater withdrawal has become a global hazard, which demands further researches and the potential measures to control. Using the FlowTrac Ⅱ consolidation test system, six compression tests were designed to investigate the stress state and stress paths of sand within confined aquifers under conditions of withdrawal and recharging. The deformation characteristics of aquifer sand were studied under different withdrawal-recharging patterns. During pumping and recharge processes, sand deformation responses were observed to lag behind changes in applied stress. The characteristics of this hysteresis effect on deformation were summarized. The alternating phenomenon of rebound and compression of sand deformation under the recharging process is analyzed. When the recharging effect was relatively small than withdrawing effect under the stable withdrawal-recharging pattern, the compression deformation was observed in the recharging process. The research results provide a rational explanation for the continuous compression deformation of the aquifer during groundwater level recovery and offer experimental evidence for the rational design of artificial groundwater recharge in engineering construction.

The Influence of Anthropometrics on Cardiac Mechanics in Healthy Women With Opposite Obesity Phenotypes (Android vs Gynoid).

The possible influence exerted by mechanical factors and/or compressive phenomena on myocardial strain parameters in healthy individuals with opposite obesity phenotypes (android vs gynoid) has never been previously investigated. Accordingly, we aimed at evaluating the relationship between anthropometrics, such as the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), modified Haller index (MHI, the ratio of chest transverse diameter over the distance between sternum and spine), and epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), and left ventricular (LV)-global longitudinal strain (GLS), in healthy women with opposite obesity phenotypes (android vs gynoid). Forty healthy women with obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥30 Kg/m2)and WHR ≥0.85 ("android group") (52.5±13.2 yrs), 40 age- and BMI-matched healthy women with obesityand WHR <0.78 ("gynoid group") (49.8±13.4 yrs) and 40 age-matched healthy women without obesity (BMI <30 Kg/m2) (controls) (50.3±12.5 yrs) were retrospectively analyzed. All women underwent transthoracic echocardiography implemented with echocardiographic strain analysis of all cardiac chambers. Correlation between LV-GLS and anthropometrics (WHR, MHI, and EAT) was assessed in both groups of obese women. Age, WHR, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and left ventricular mass index (LVMi) were included in the logistic regression analysis performed for evaluating the independent predictors of reduced LV-GLS magnitude (less negative than -20%) in women with android obesity. Compared to the other groups of women, those with android obesity were found with significantly greater LVMi, higher LV filling pressures, and lower biventricular and biatrial deformation indices. A strong inverse correlation between LV-GLS and all anthropometrics (WHR, MHI, and EAT) was demonstrated in both groups of women with obesity. Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that WHR (OR 1.58, 95%CI 1.22-2.03, p<0.001) and LVMi (OR 1.09, 95%CI 1.02-1.16, p=0.006) were independently correlated with LV-GLS impairment in women with android obesity. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, the WHR maintained a statistically significant association with the above-mentioned outcome (OR 1.68, 95%CI 1.14-2.48, p=0.009). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that a WHR value ≥1.01 had 93% sensitivity and 100% specificity for detecting LV-GLS impairment in women with android obesity (AUC=0.98; 95%CI 0.96-1.00). Anthropometrics may strongly influence cardiac mechanics in healthy women with obesity. The WHR is associated with reduced LV-GLS magnitude in healthy women with android obesity, independent of age, glycometabolic status, and LV size.

A ONE-WAY COUPLED APPROACH FOR MULTISCALE CHARACTERIZATION OF FILLING OF DUAL-SCALE FIBROUS REINFORCEMENTS CONSIDERING AIR COMPRESSIBILITY AND DISSOLUTION IN LUMPED FASHION

The filling characterization of dual-scale fibrous reinforcements is challenging due to the presence of subdomains with dissimilar permeabilities, existence of wicking effects, and combination of air compressibility and dissolution phenomena. These factors cause flow imbalances inside the representative unitary cell (RUC), which lead to void formation and influence the behavior of macroscopic field variables, affecting the parts manufacturing by liquid composite molding (LCM). Here, the filling characterization of woven fabrics used in LCM is done using one-way coupled simulations. Once RUC geometry is characterized by scanning-electron microscopy (SEM), and stereomicroscopy, standard thickness test, and resin viscosity are measured, the multiphase finite volume method-volume of fluid (FVM-VOF) model of ANSYS Fluent is used for the three-dimensional filling of the RUC, incorporating an experimentally calibrated air entrapment parameter (&amp;lambda;) to consider air compressibility and dissolution; then, a lumped function for the coupling term with macroscopic equations is obtained in terms of volume-averaged variables. This function is used in the equivalent Darcy macroscopic model, which is solved using a dual-reciprocity boundary element method (DR-BEM) algorithm. By considering a single value of &amp;lambda; during the simulation, neglecting wicking effects, and normalizing physical variables, unified injection pressure-independent results for the local tows saturation and normalized pressure fields at mesoscopic scale were obtained, as well as for global tows saturation and normalized pressure and fluid front profiles at macroscopic scale, thus simplifying the filling characterization of reinforcements. Numerical results are coherent with unidirectional injection experiments at both scales.

Reply to comments by G.I. Egorov [J. Mol. Liq. 383 (2023) 122128] concerning the terminology to the phenomenon of “partial isobaric compression” being occurred in a number of binary liquid systems [J. Mol. Liq. 370 (2023) 121039

The detailed reply to brief comments by G.I. Egorov [J. Mol. Liq. 383 (2023) 122128] on our previous paper [J. Mol. Liq. 370 (2023) 121039] concerning the terminology of the phenomenon of relative partial isobaric compression of a solute (PICS) or its “negative partial molar expansibility” are contained in this short communication. The phrase “partial isobaric compression” has been justifiable renamed the partial molar isobaric compaction of a solute (PMICS). The origins for the phenomenon in question are also discussed here.

Enhancement of stimulated Raman scattering of a weak vibration mode in tetrahydrofuran through the energy-transfer resonance of lycopene.

A method of energy-transfer resonance of lycopene used to enhance stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) of a weak vibration C-O mode in tetrahydrofuran (THF) was developed in this study. Only C-H SRS was observed in pure THF at high energies. When lycopene was added, the C-O SRS located at 915 cm-1 of the weak vibration mode in THF was observed. The maximum SRS enhancement of the C-O mode was achieved when the concentration was 3.72 × 10-6 mol/L because of the resonance enhancement of the solute, which transferred the excess vibrational energy to the solvent. Moreover, the pulse width compression phenomenon of the C-H vibration in the presence of C-O SRS was obtained.

3D spheroid-microvasculature-on-a-chip for tumor-endothelium mechanobiology interplay

During the final stage of cancer metastasis, tumor cells embed themselves in distant capillary beds, from where they extravasate and establish secondary tumors. Recent findings underscore the pivotal roles of blood/lymphatic flow and shear stress in this intricate tumor extravasation process. Despite the increasing evidence, there is a dearth of systematic and biomechanical methodologies that accurately mimic intricate 3D microtissue interactions within a controlled hydrodynamic microenvironment. Addressing this gap, we introduce an easy-to-operate 3D spheroid-microvasculature-on-a-chip (SMAC) model. Operating under both static and regulated flow conditions, the SMAC model facilitates the replication of the biomechanical interplay between heterogeneous tumor spheroids and endothelium in a quantitative manner. Serving as an in vitro model for metastasis mechanobiology, our model unveils the phenomena of 3D spheroid-induced endothelial compression and cell-cell junction degradation during tumor migration and expansion. Furthermore, we investigated the influence of shear stress on endothelial orientation, polarization, and tumor spheroid expansion. Collectively, our SMAC model provides a compact, cost-efficient, and adaptable platform for probing the mechanobiology of metastasis.

Negative Linear Compressibility of Formate Crystals from the Viewpoint of Quantum Electronic Pressure

In order to understand the phenomenon of negative linear compressibility (NLC) in organic crystals, it is necessary to investigate not only the structural features but also the electronic changes taking place under external hydrostatic pressure. It is also necessary to clarify which electronic properties allow the quantification and comparison of the compressibility of crystals. In our study, the crystal structures of sodium and cadmium formates under hydrostatic compression were modeled, as well as the α and β-phases of calcium formate. The changes in cell parameters and spatial dependences of the linear compressibility were analyzed, and the ranges of external pressure, which must be applied for NLC onset, were predicted for the sodium and α-calcium formates. Although the behavior of chemical bonds is not predicted by the sign or absolute value of the quantum electronic pressure, its relative change under external pressure clearly distinguishes the soft and rigid regions in a crystal. The relationship between the NLC values and the changes in quantum electronic pressure in the cavities of formate crystals was established.

On the compression phenomenon of typical discrepancies

This study theoretically examines the compression phenomenon of typical discrepancies. The optimal compression ratio of different discrepancies behaves differently and is related to the dimension and sample size. The numerical results are consistent with the theoretical results.

COMPRESSIVES IN STUDENT DISCOURSE OF THE INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGE ENVIRONMENT

Philologists are expected to know how to analyze the results of modern nomination processes, especially those that show their belonging to the youth subcode: in word-formation, form-building, other grammatical features of compressives of different representation. Therefore, it is very important to communicate the true meaning of the modern linguistic ideas. The aim of the study is to demonstrate the productivity of compressives as the units of student jargon / discourse, on the one hand, and as the material relevant for its analysis, on the other. To achieve the aim, we have identified the following objectives: 1) to single out compressives among the traditional derivatives; 2) to determine criteria for highlighting the processes of abbreviation and univerbation; 3) to determine the reasons for the emerging of the jargonisms belonging to the type under analysis; 4) to demonstrate the importance of studying compressives in the Indo-European student discourse. Descriptive and structural methods are the main methods of the research as they facilitate the demonstration of the specific aspects of univerb formation and abbreviation as the processes matching the essence of speech compression. The distributive analysis is used to specify the forms of transformation of nominative units. Student discourse is a field of language functioning that produces neologisms resulting from different types of compression. This is connected with the dynamics of student speech as well as the youth’s need to communicate maximum necessary information in the shortest possible time. Obviously, philologists are expected to know how to analyze the results of modern nomination processes, especially those that show their belonging to the youth subcode: in word-formation, form-building, other grammatical features of compressives of different representation. That is why it is so important to communicate the true meaning of these modern linguistic phenomena. The compression phenomena includes the ones that are universal for a whole series of Indo-European languages (e.g. some types of abbreviation), while other phenomena of this type (e.g. univerbation) are not reflected in all languages of this family but observed only in some of them. As a rule, univerbation in its certain morphological manifestations is peculiar to Slavic and Germanic language systems. Abbreviation and univerbation are the main active processes enriching both speech and language with the units under consideration. However, it is reasonable to consider each of those processes by determining the main nominative unit – a nomeme.

The centennial of Becker (1922): recent trends in the modeling and analysis of dissipative, compressible flow phenomena

The centennial of Becker (1922): recent trends in the modeling and analysis of dissipative, compressible flow phenomena

High-Speed Rails and City Innovation System: Empirical Evidence from China

The rapid development of high-speed rail has markedly shortened the travel time from one city to another. However, the impact of space–time compression brought about by high-speed rail on city innovation has not received sufficient attention. This paper examines the space–time compression phenomenon produced by high-speed railway networks and its impact on city innovation from 2000 to 2019 using a sample of 279 Chinese prefecture-level cities. The empirical results show that there was a strong space–time compression during this period. The development of high-speed rail can promote city innovation. However, the construction of high-speed rail also produces a siphon effect, which accelerates the convergence of innovative elements in cities with stronger innovation capabilities. Nevertheless, it has a negative spillover effect on cities with weaker innovation capabilities. Finally, policy recommendations for promoting the balanced development of city innovation and recommendations for future research are presented.

358 A POSSIBLE RARE CASE OF VENTRICULAR LIPOMATOSIS: A STIMULUS FOR A PANORAMA OF FATTY CARDIAC LESIONS

Abstract We exhibit the case of a 75 years-old man who undertook cardio-oncological assessment for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: baseline echo revealed typical features of lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum (LHIS) and an apical hypoechoic left ventricle (LV) lesion. Five years before, the patient performed MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), which confirmed LHIS, but superabundant epicardial fat extended to the right ventricle and the apical junction between the two ventricles, both characterized by normal ejection fraction, and surrounded the origin of the pulmonary trunk. LV lateral and inferior walls presented lipomatous metaplasia foci and no history or ECG sign of previous myocardial injury could be pointed out. A slight band of late gadolinium enhancement at the basal infero-lateral wall of LV was highlighted. The patient referred episodes of fainting: the Holter-ECG showed pronounced bradycardia which couldn't be explained by other secondary causes. So a bicameral pace-maker was implanted. During our ambulatory evaluation, we decided to repeat MRI, which showed no difference in comparison with the previous one, so excluding malignant degeneration of the fatty mass surrounding the heart. Despite older age and the lack of sudden cardiac death family history we searched for pathognomonic arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) mutations. In consideration of the new evidence of the metabolic risk associated with abundant epicardial fat (EF) we asked for updated laboratory dosage of plasma glucose, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides and we recommended stricter control of blood pressure. From 4% to 52% of cardiac mass is made up of fat but only EF interacts with myocardium and coronary arteries. Anomalous growth of fat in the heart can present itself as LHIS, excessive lipomatous infiltration or cardiac lipomas (real capsulated tumors) but also ACM is histologically characterized by fibrofatty replacement of cardiomyocites. Overabundant and inflammed EF is now considered a surrogate of metabolic risk and is associated with multivessel coronary disease, the finding of chronic total occlusions (CTO) and microvascular angina. Identifying fatty heart lesions and defining their clinical and prognostic role remains an intriguing challenge. We suggest a general binary way to follow: the “mechanic one” for lipomas or lipomatous infiltration, that is paying attention to compression phenomena or the generation of arrhythmias, and the “metabolic one”, in other words optimizing cardiovascular prevention when EF is too much. A careful research of imaging features of ACM can't be omitted.

The phenomenon of “partial isobaric compression” of urea as a solute in tertiary butanol: Comparison with a similar effect in the (methanol + urea) system

The densities of urea (U) solutions in tert-butanol (t-BuOH) with the solute molality from (0.01 to 0.33) mol∙(kg solvent)-1 were measured at T = (299.15, 303.15, 308.15, 313.15, 318.15, 323.15, and 328.15) K and p = 0.1 MPa. The uncertainty in density measurements was estimated to be 0.03 kg m−3. The standard (at infinite dilution) molar volumes and expansibilities of U were calculated. Similar to the solution of water in t-BuOH, the phenomenon of negative partial expansibility or partial isobaric compression of a solute (PICS) was discovered for U solvated in the alkanol in question. The local structural aggregates or solvation complexes formed by U in t-BuOH becomes increasingly compact with increasing temperature due to that the solute – solvent affinity prevails over the affinity of the solvent molecules to each other.