Compressed Baryonic Matter Detector Research Articles

The Compressed Baryonic Matter Experiment at FAIR

The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at FAIR aims to study the area of the QCD phase diagram at high net baryon densities and moderate temperatures using heavy-ion collisions. The FAIR accelerator will provide high-intensity heavy-ion beams up to Au ions in the beam momentum range 3.5A-12A GeV/c per nucleon. In order to achieve it's physics goals and to perform multi-differential measurements of rare probes such as multistrange hadrons or hypernuclei, CBM plans to operate at unprecedented peak interaction rates of up to 10 MHz.Following an introduction into the physics program of the CBM, recent developments related to the preparation of the experiment, physics performance studies, and detector components tests within the so-called FAIR PHASE-0 program are discussed. In particular, the status of the mCBM project at GSI, which operated with high-intensity beams for the first time last year and combines various CBM detector subsystems with a common data acquisition system (DAQ), are presented.

Probing dense QCD matter in the laboratory—The CBM experiment at FAIR

The ‘Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research’ (FAIR) in Darmstadt will provide unique research opportunities for the investigation of fundamental open questions related to nuclear physics and astrophysics, including the exploration of QCD matter under extreme conditions, which governs the structure and dynamics of cosmic objects and phenomena like neutron stars, supernova explosions, and neutron star mergers. The physics program of the Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment is devoted to the production and investigation of dense nuclear matter, with a focus on the high-density equation-of-state (EOS), and signatures for new phases of dense QCD matter. According to the present schedule, the CBM experiment will receive the first beams from the FAIR accelerators in 2025. This article reviews promising observables, outlines the CBM detector system, and presents results of physics performance studies.

Status of the Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at FAIR

The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment will investigate high-energy heavy-ion collisions at the international Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR), which is under construction in Darmstadt, Germany. The CBM research program is focused on the exploration of QCD matter at neutron star core densities, such as study of the equation-of-state and the search for phase transitions. Key experimental observables include (multi-) strange (anti-) particles, electron-positron pairs and dimuons, particle correlations and fluctuations, and hyper-nuclei. In order to measure these diagnostic probes multi-differentially with unprecedented precision, the CBM detector and data acquisition systems are designed to run at reaction rates up to 10 MHz. This requires the development of fast and radiation hard detectors and readout electronics for track reconstruction, electron and muon identification, time-of-flight (TOF) determination and event characterization. The data are read-out by ultra-fast, radiation-tolerant, and free-streaming front-end electronics, and then transferred via radiation-hard data aggregation units and high-speed optical connections to a high-performance computing center. A fast and highly parallelized software will perform online track reconstruction, particle identification and event analysis. The components of the CBM experimental setup will be discussed and results of physics performance studies will be presented.

Simultaneous muon and reference hadron measurements in the compressed baryonic matter experiment at FAIR

The mission of the Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt is to explore the QCD phase diagram at high net baryon densities likely to exist in the core of neutron stars. The CBM detector system is designed to perform multi-differential measurements of hadrons and leptons in central gold-gold collisions at beam energies between 2 and 11 A GeV with unprecedented precision and statistics. In order to reduce the systematic errors of the lepton measurements, which generally suffer from a large combinatorial background, both electrons and muons will be measured with the same acceptance. Up to now, no di-muon measurements have been performed in heavy-ion collisions at beam energies below 158 A GeV. The main device for electron identification, a Ring Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) detector, can be replaced by a setup comprising hadron absorbers and tracking detectors for muon measurements. In order to obtain a complete picture of the reaction, it is important to measure simultaneously leptons and hadrons. This requirement is fulfilled for the RICH, which has a low material budget, and only little affects the trajectories of hadrons on their way to the Time-of-Flight (TOF) detector. In contrast, the simultaneous measurement of muons and hadrons within the same experimental acceptance poses a substantial challenge. This article reviews the simulated performance of the CBM experiment for muon identification, together with the possibility of simultaneous hadron measurements.

Cosmic matter in the laboratory - the Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at FAIR

The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment will be one of the major scientific pillars of the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt. The goal of the CBM research program is to explore the QCD phase diagram in the region of high baryon densities using high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions. This includes the study of the equation-of-state of nuclear matter at neutron star core densities, and the search for the deconfinement and chiral phase transitions. The CBM detector is designed to measure rare diagnostic probes such as hadrons including multi-strange (anti-) hyperons, lepton pairs, and charmed particles with unprecedented precision and statistics. Most of these particles will be studied for the first time in the FAIR energy range. In order to achieve the required precision, the measurements will be performed at very high reaction rates of 1 to 10 MHz. This requires very fast and radiation-hard detectors, a novel data read-out and analysis concept based on free streaming front-end electronics, and a high-performance computing cluster for online event selection. The physics program and the status of the proposed CBM experiment will be discussed.

QCD Matter Physics at FAIR

The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment will be one of the major scientific pillars of the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt. The goal of the CBM research program is to explore the QCD phase diagram in the region of high baryon densities using high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions. This includes the study of the equation-of-state of nuclear matter at neutron star core densities, and the search for the deconfinement and chiral phase transitions. The CBM detector is designed to measure rare diagnostic probes such as hadrons including multi-strange (anti-) hyperons, lepton pairs, and charmed particles with unprecedented precision and statistics. Most of these particles will be studied for the first time in the FAIR energy range. In order to achieve the required precision, the measurements will be performed at very high reaction rates of 1 to 10 MHz. This requires very fast and radiation-hard detectors, a novel data read-out and analysis concept based on free streaming front-end electronics, and a high-performance computing cluster for online event selection. The status of FAIR and the physics program of the proposed CBM experiment will be discussed.

The heavy-ion program of the future FAIR facility

The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment will be one of the major scientific pillars of the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt. The goal of the CBM research program is to explore the QCD phase diagram in the region of high baryon densities using high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions. This includes the study of the equation-of-state of nuclear matter at neutron star core densities, and the search for the deconfinement and chiral phase transitions. The CBM detector is designed to measure rare diagnostic probes such as hadrons including multi-strange (anti-) hyperons, lepton pairs, and charmed particles with unprecedented precision and statistics. Most of these particles will be studied for the first time in the FAIR energy range. In order to achieve the required precision, the measurements will be performed at very high reaction rates of 1 to 10 MHz. This requires very fast and radiation-hard detectors, a novel data read-out and analysis concept based on free streaming front-end electronics, and a high-performance computing cluster for online event selection. The physics program and the status of the proposed CBM experiment will be discussed.

Superconducting dipole magnet for the CBM experiment at FAIR

The scientific goal of the CBM (Compressed Baryonic Matter) experiment at FAIR (Darmstadt) is to explore the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter at highest baryon densities. The physics program of the CBM experiment is complimentary to the programs to be realized at MPD and BMN facilities at NICA and will start with beam derived by the SIS100 synchrotron. The 5.15 MJ superconducting dipole magnet will be used in the silicon tracking system of the CBM detector. The magnet will provide a magnetic field integral of 1 Tm which is required to obtain a momentum resolution of 1% for the track reconstruction. The results of the development of dipole magnet of the CBM experiment are presented.

Quench calculations for the superconducting dipole magnet of CBM experiment at FAIR

The scientific mission of the Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment is the study of the nuclear matter properties at the high baryon densities in heavy ion collisions at the Facility of Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt. The 5.15 MJ superconducting dipole magnet will be used in the silicon tracking system of the CBM detector. It will provide a magnetic field integral of 1 Tm which is required to obtain a momentum resolution of 1% for the track reconstruction. This paper presents quench modeling and evaluation of candidate protection schemes for the CBM dipole magnet. Two quench programs based on finite-difference method were used in simulation. One of them is currently used at GSI, and the other based on CIEMAT (Madrid, Spain) was modified to perform quench calculation for the CBM magnet.

The Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment

The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment is a next-generation fixed target detector which will operate at the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt. The goal of this experiment is to explore the QCD phase diagram in the region of high net baryon densities using high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions. Its research program includes the study of the equation-of-state of nuclear matter at high baryon densities, the search for the deconfinement and chiral phase transitions and the search for the QCD critical point. The CBM detector is designed to measure both bulk observables with a large acceptance and rare diagnostic probes such as charm particles, multi-strange hyperons, and low mass vector mesons in their di-leptonic decay. The physics program of CBM will be summarized, followed by an overview of the detector concept, a selection of the expected physics performance, and the status of preparation of the experiment.

Overview of the CBM detector system

The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) is a fixed target experiment designed to explore the QCD phase diagram in the region of high net-baryon densities. The CBM detector system will access beams directly from the superconducting synchrotrons SIS100 and SIS300. It is designed for interaction rates up to 107 Hz to enable measurements of rare observables and diagnostic probes created in the early and dense phase of the fireball evolution. The layout of the CBM detector system is adapted to the experimental requirements concerning the acceptance in the laboratory frame (mid and forward rapidities), reaction rates, radiation tolerance, determination of the vertices with accuracy of 50 μm, particle densities (up to 700 particles passing through the active area of the detector in single central Au+Au collision at 25 GeV/nucleon) and selectivity [1, 2].

The Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment

The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment is a next-generation fixed-target detector which will operate at the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Re- search (FAIR) in Darmstadt. The goal of this experiment is to explore the QCD phase diagram in the region of high net baryon densities using high-energy nucleus-nucleus col- lisions. Its research program includes the study of the equation-of-state of nuclear matter at high baryon densities, the search for the deconfinement and chiral phase transitions and the search for the QCD critical point. The CBM detector is designed to measure both bulk observables with a large acceptance and rare diagnostic probes such as charm parti- cles, multi-strange hyperons, and low mass vector mesons in their di-leptonic decay. The physics program of CBM will be summarized, followed by an overview of the detector concept, a selection of the expected physics performance, and the status of preparation of the experiment.

Data acquisition and online monitoring software for CBM test beams

The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment is intended to run at the FAIR facility that is currently being built at GSI in Darmstadt, Germany. For testing of future CBM detector and read-out electronics prototypes, several test beam campaigns have been performed at different locations, such as GSI, COSY, and CERN PS. The DAQ software has to treat various data inputs: standard VME modules on the MBS system, and different kinds of FPGA boards, read via USB, Ethernet, or optical links. The Data Acquisition Backbone Core framework (DABC) is able to combine such different data sources with event-builder processes running on regular Linux PCs. DABC can also retrieve the instrumental set-up data from EPICS slow control systems and insert it into the event data stream for later analysis. Vice versa, the DIM based DABC control protocol has been integrated to the general CBM EPICS IOC by means of an EPICS-DIM interface. Hence the DAQ can be monitored and steered with a CSS based operator GUI. The CBM online monitoring analysis is based on the GSI Go4 framework which can directly connect to DABC online data via sockets, or process stored data from list-mode files. A Go4 sub-framework has been implemented to provide possibility of parallel development of analysis code for different sub-detectors groups. This allows divide the Go4 components up into independent software packages that can run either standalone, or together at the beam-time in a full set-up.

The compressed baryonic matter experiment at FAIR

Abstract The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment will be one of the major scientific pillars of the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt. The goal of the CBM research program is to explore the QCD phase diagram in the region of high baryon densities using high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions. This includes the study of the equation-of-state of nuclear matter at high densities, and the search for the deconfinement and chiral phase transitions. The CBM detector is designed to measure both bulk observables with large acceptance and rare diagnostic probes such as charmed particles and vector mesons decaying into lepton pairs.

Compressed baryonic matter experiment at FAIR

The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment is being planned at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR), under realization next to the GSI laboratory in Darmstadt, Germany. Its physics programme addresses the QCD phase diagram in the region of highest net baryon densities. Of particular interest are the expected first order phase transition from partonic to hadronic matter, ending in a critical point, and modifcations of hadron properties in the dense medium as a signal of chiral symmetry restoration. Laid out as a fixed-target experiment at the synchrotrons SIS-100/SIS-300, providing magnetic bending power of 100 and 300 T/Fm, the CBM detector will record both proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions at beam energies up to 45 AGeV. Hadronic, leptonic and photonic observables will be measured in a large acceptance. The nuclear interaction rates will reach up to 10 MHz to measure extremely rare probes like charm near threshold. This requires the development of novel detector systems, trigger and data acquisition concepts as well as in- novative real-time reconstruction techniques. A key observable of the physics program is a precise measurement of lowmass vector mesons and charmonium in their leptonic decay channel. In CBM, electrons will be identified using a gaseous RICH detector combined with several TRD detectors positioned after a system of silicon tracking stations which are located inside a magnetic dipole field. The concept of the RICH detector, results on R & D as well as feasibility studies and invariant mass distributions of charmonium will be discussed.

The Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at FAIR

The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment will be one of the major scientific pillars of the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt. The goal of the CBM research program is to explore the QCD phase diagram in the region of high baryon densities using high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions. This includes the study of the equation-of-state of nuclear matter at high densities, and the search for the deconfinement and chiral phase transitions. The CBM detector is designed to measure both bulk observables with large acceptance and rare diagnostic probes such as charmed particles and vector mesons decaying into lepton pairs. The layout and the physics performance of the proposed CBM experimental facility will be discussed.

The Compressed Baryonic Matter Experiment at FAIR

The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment is being planned at the international research centre FAIR, under realization next to the GSI laboratory in Darmstadt, Germany. Its physics programme ad- dresses the QCD phase diagram in the region of highest net baryon densities. Of particular interest are the ex- pected first order phase transition from partonic to hadronic matter, ending in a critical point, and modifications of hadron properties in the dense medium as a signal of chiral symmetry restoration. Laid out as a fixed-target experiment at the synchrotrons SIS-100/SIS-300, providing magnetic bending power of 100 and 300 T/m, the CBM detector will record both proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions at beam energies up to 45A GeV. Hadronic, leptonic and photonic observables have to be measured with large acceptance. The nuclear interaction rates will reach up to 10 MHz to measure extremely rare probes like charm near threshold. Two versions of the experiment are being studied, optimized for either electron-hadron or muon identification, combined with sili- con detector based charged-particle tracking and micro-vertex detection. The research programme will start at SIS-100 with ion beams between 2 and 11A GeV, and protons up to energies of 29 GeV using the HADES de- tector and an initial configuration of the CBM experiment. The CBM physics requires the development of novel detector systems, trigger and data acquisition concepts as well as innovative real-time reconstruction techniques. Progress with feasibility studies of the experiment and the development of its detector systems are discussed.

Di-electron spectroscopy in CBM

Di-electron spectroscopy is considered to be one of the major programs of the Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at the future FAIR accelerator at Darmstadt. In this contribution, the analysis strategy for the reconstruction of low-mass vector mesons with the proposed CBM detector setup is discussed. Results from feasibility studies will be presented and compared with data from existing dilepton experiments.

The compressed baryonic matter experiment at FAIR

The compressed baryonic matter (CBM) experiment will be one of the major scientific activities at the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt. The goal of the CBM research program is to explore the QCD phase diagram in the region of high-baryon densities using high-energy nucleus–nucleus collisions. This includes the study of the equation-of-state of nuclear matter at high densities, and the search for the deconfinement and chiral phase transitions. The CBM detector is designed to measure both bulk observables with large acceptance and rare diagnostic probes such as charmed particles and vector mesons decaying into lepton pairs. The layout and the physics performance of the proposed CBM experimental facility will be discussed.

The Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at FAIR: physics of strangeness and charm, status of preparations

The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at the future accelerator centre FAIR is being designed to investigate heavy-ion collisions in fixed-target mode at beam energies from 10 to 45 GeV/nucleon. The goal of the research program is to explore the QCD phase diagram in the region of highest baryon densities. The detector has to measure hadronic, leptonic and photonic observables with large acceptance. The interaction rates will be as high as 10 MHz in order to measure extremely rare probes like charm near threshold. The CBM detector concept, the physics programme with respect to heavy flavours and the results of feasibility studies are presented.