Comprehensive View Of Health Research Articles

Racial and ethnic disparities in outcomes after NICU discharge: An equity-focused model

Significant racial and ethnic disparities exist in birth outcomes and complications related to prematurity. However, little is known about racial and ethnic variations in health outcomes after premature infants are discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). We propose a novel, equity-focused conceptual model to guide future evaluations of post-discharge outcomes that centers on a multi-dimensional, comprehensive view of health, which we call thriving. We then apply this model to existing literature on post-discharge inequities, revealing a need for rigorous analysis of drivers and strength-based, longitudinal outcomes.

Sumak kawsay y la Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria en el Ecuador, una visión desde la APS

Introducción: El ser humano tiene el derecho fundamental a la salud garantizado por Estado Ecuatoriano, en el cual a más de la patología debería considerar al paciente como un sujeto integral, ya que no se puede separar los problemas físicos del entorno social y la psiquis, por lo tanto, es necesario dar a conocer los factores que influyen en la aparición de enfermedades metabólicas desde el punto de vista de la Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria.
 Objetivos: Describir una visión optima y amplia de la salud en el ámbito público desde el enfoque del paciente como un ser integral y los factores que influyen en el debut de una enfermedad metabólica a partir de una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica.
 Material y Métodos: Revisión bibliográfica basada en la metodología Prisma. La técnica de recolección de datos fue la búsqueda de artículos publicados en las bases de datos Pubmed, Medline, Elsevier, Scielo y Scopus en diferentes temáticas relacionados al objetivo durante el periodo 1996-2019.
 Resultados: Se revisaron 20 artículos científicos publicados en las revistas Elsevier, Scopus, Pubmed, Scielo. De la revisión efectuada se pudo determinar cómo era la salud pública anteriormente y compararla con la actualidad para brindar una opinión crítica y estratégica basada en un enfoque de especialidad desde la atención primaria en salud.
 Conclusiones: La salud siempre será considerada un derecho fundamental, se ha avanzado en varios puntos como los embarazos no deseados, vacunación, higiene y concientización de planificación familiar, de esta manera con pacientes conscientes de su cuerpo y sus patologías podríamos conseguir un cambio en el estilo de vida, prevención de enfermedades metabólicas y un mejor futuro para el sistema de salud de nuestro país.

Integrative and Complementary Health Practices Building a New Health Paradigm

Abstract This work arose from the need to broaden the therapeutic approach and offer a differentiated health intervention proposal based on the understanding that the illness process has repercussions on all integrated systems of Being. Since 2019, the Health Center for the Elderly in Blumenau (SC-Brasil), specialized multi-professional service, offering support for biopsychoenergetic transformation with the practice of Yoga and Meditation, through a holistic and comprehensive view of health. It begins with the Multidimensional Assessment of the Elderly, with a guideline in welcoming and qualified listening, which considers the subject and all subjectivity. From there, the expanded diagnosis and the Singular Therapeutic Project are built and the consultations with the team and the 'Re-Conhecer group' begin. The activity is weekly, aimed at the elderly and their family, takes place in an appropriate place and lasts two hours. Welcoming, pranayama, mantras, kriyas and meditation are made, as well as reflections on free themes. The professionals who conduct the practice are the dentist, trained in yoga, and the social worker, the welcoming process continues individually after the activity. Due to subjectivity, results are routinely collected in a qualitative way from the participants' report. There is a perception on the part of the participants, therapists and members of the multidisciplinary team that this work provides improvement in cognitive abilities, self-care, well-being, self-confidence, creativity, improved sleep, autonomy, balance, strengthening bonds, joy, vitality. Key messages This initiative builds new models of health care, transcending the traditional biomedical model, according to the operational guideline for comprehensiveness, universal access and equity. Provokes reflections and builds a new perspective of life with quality and participation of the elderly as subjects of their health.

Defining the meaning of “sustainable work” from activity-centered ergonomics and psychodynamics of Work's perspectives

IntroductionWork-related issues are already part of the theoretical framework and the historical rationale that underpin corporate sustainability. However, the relationship between work and sustainability is still little known in company practices. Based on the concepts of activity-centered ergonomics (ACE) and psychodynamics of work (PDW), this paper investigates the meaning of “sustainable work” in Brazilian companies. Thus, two research questions guided this study: How the concept of “sustainable work” can be defined in the perception of companies based on the perspective of ACE and PDW? How the concepts provided by these approaches can help companies in developing practices towards sustainable work? MethodCase studies conducted in ten Brazilian companies engaged in corporate sustainability practices involving document analysis, interviews, and content analysis. ResultsCompanies recognize the importance of human action in organizational processes, by considering people as the cornerstone for ensuring corporate sustainability, and seeking to build a work with meaning and significance. However, i) Improvement actions are usually mitigatory or compensatory, acting on the effects while the root causes remain untouched; ii) Sustainability initiatives focus on individual issues, in most cases on the leader (individual), narrowing its scope and neglecting broader, important topics such as work organization and work content; iii) Both work overload and work for sustainability agenda are usually disregarded; iv) A comprehensive view of health should not be limited to the workplace. ConclusionsAccording to companies' perceptions, sustainable work includes but is not limited to integrating work to corporate sustainability guidelines, respecting labor laws and human rights, developing synergy between areas/departments towards sustainability, providing possibilities for constructing health in its multidimensionality with the worker as protagonist, and creating work that is meaningful, pleasurable and leads to happiness and recognition. ACE and PDW offer valuable concepts to support companies in bridging the gap between their corporate sustainability vision and practices, i.e., transforming guidelines into actions towards sustainable work. In this sense, sustainable work is believed to be that which improves the organization's performance and promotes professional development as well as workers' health broadly and positively (not limited to the absence of illness, but in the sense of building health) and well-being. Thus, it fosters respect for and the development of intelligence and creativity (as opposed to alienating work) by performing work that has meaning and significance, understanding the profound importance of physical, cognitive and organizational issues, and above all, the importance of work to the development of culture (Bolis et al., 2014).

Does SDG 3 have an adequate theory of change for improving health systems performance?

Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 aims to “ensure healthy lives and promote well–being for all at all ages” [1]. Unlike the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), SDG 3 takes a comprehensive view of health and well–being by expanding its focus beyond a core set of diseases. Given the global prominence of the SDGs for driving the development agenda, it is important to consider whether SDG 3 and the indicators it tracks are well–designed to achieve this intended goal. In order to examine whether SDG 3 can actually help achieve this goal, this article considers whether it has an adequate theory of change (ToC) for improving health systems performance. Such an analysis rests on two core assumptions: 1) in order to achieve the SDG 3 goal, one must improve health systems performance, and 2) in order to achieve this goal, the approach must have a strong underlying ToC. Each assumption is considered below. Since the launch of the MDGs, experience has shown that without improvements in health systems performance, progress on the MDGS was both limited and potentially unsustainable [2]. Bottlenecks in the health system limited nations’ ability to achieve progress on combatting specific diseases. In addition, theoretical and empirical work has argued that providing services which are not only clinically effective but also affordable and acceptable has intrinsic and instrumental value. Recognizing the importance of overall health systems performance, numerous organizations including WHO, the World Bank, Global Fund, and GAVI have focused on health systems strengthening (HSS) as an important component of public health programming. Therefore, since SDG 3 aims to improve both health and well–being for all populations in a sustainable way, achieving this goal will likely require broad improvements in health systems performance. With regards to the second assumption, theories of change (ToC) are standard practice in public health and development [3,4]. They help guide priority–setting, decision–making, monitoring and evaluation, budgeting, and resource allocation, among other activities. A strong ToC can ensure that all stakeholders work toward the same goal(s). The SDGs aim to improve both the coherence of development policies and their implementation at the national level, and the United Nations has offered formal guidance on ways that nations can integrate and tailor the SDGs into their national policies [5]. This guidance explicitly advocates for horizontal policy coherence (ie, coherence across different programs and sectors), vertical policy coherence (ie, coherence between different stakeholders), and linking national policies based on the SDGs to budgets [6]. Given that the SDGs aim to improve policy coherence and drive implementation at the national level, it is instructive to consider whether they have internal coherence and a strong underlying logic themselves. The ToC approach provides a useful approach to explore this question. If the inputs and outputs tracked under SDG 3 have clear linkages to improving its impact indicators, then working toward SDG 3 will allow countries to pursue a comprehensive program for improving health systems performance. On the other hand, if the inputs and outputs tracked do not link to each other or do not have logical connections to impact indicators, then aiming to improve all indicators under SDG 3 could lead to a haphazard and uncoordinated set of public health programs.

Saúde e qualidade de vida de jornalistas: estudo de revisão

Objective: Systematic review of the literature on work-related health and quality of life of journalists. Methods: Searches were carried out in the following databases: LILACS, SciELO, Doaj, MEDLINE, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, Springer Link The searches focused on articles published in Portuguese, English and Spanish in national and international journals in the period from 2005 to 2015. The selection process followed preestablished steps and criteria for the study as well as the application of Relevance Tests. Results: The selection yielded eight publications for review. Aspects and/or issues regarding the health-disease-care process of journalists, which have been highlighted in studies, are included in the following categories: vocal health/expressiveness (three: 37.5%); mental health (four: 50%) and nutritional health (one: 12.5%) – all of them have been addressed separately. There is a lack of studies based on a broad and comprehensive view of health and quality of life. Conclusion: The study shows a need for research and investments in the development of a culture for the promotion of health and quality of life of journalists, which may happen through the interdisciplinarity in the fields of Health, Communication and Education, with the support from the sector associations and the media.

Using the ICF within speech-language pathology: Application to developmental language impairment

he conceptual framework proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health, (ICF), provides a multidimensional approach to the investigation of various communication disorders, including developmental language impairments. The comprehensive view of health and common language offered by the ICF framework is useful for guiding clinical and research practices within speech-language pathology. Some sub-specialities (e.g., aphasia and traumatic brain injury (TBI)) have already begun to use the ICF framework to guide assessment and treatment practices. However, its application for children with specific language impairment (SLI), a type of developmental language impairment and one of the most common communication disorders in preschool and school-age children, is somewhat limited. The purpose of this paper is two-fold: (1) to emphasize the usefulness of the ICF framework as a tool for describing SLI and (2) to illustrate how consideration of the ICF framework may be helpful in the management and evaluation of outcomes for children with SLI.

The standard days method of family planning: a response to Cairo.

As a result of the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) in Cairo reproductive health policy has expanded to include a more comprehensive view of health and development. No longer merely a response to concerns about the worlds expanding population reproductive health policy now addresses issues that reflect the needs of individuals such as satisfying unmet need for contraception promoting informed choice involving men in reproductive health securing contraceptive supplies and ensuring accessibility of services. (excerpt)