Comprehensive Survey Research Articles

Party Realignment: Ethnic Identity versus Egocentrism among Malaysian Voters

This study investigates the dynamics of voting intention concerning party realignment among voters in Malaysia using a Theory of Reasoned Action-based model. It delves into the roles of attitudes and subjective norms in shaping party preferences and aligns with quantitative methodology. A comprehensive self-administered survey questionnaire engaged 450 participants from diverse ethnic backgrounds in the Batang Kali State Constituency to elucidate party realignment complexities. They are chosen using stratified random sampling, based on a race proportion of 5:1:1. The findings reveal that voter attitudes wielded a more significant impact than subjective norms associated with ethnic identity. This outcome underscores the pivotal role of attitudes in influencing decision-making, while the influence of subjective norms remains limited. The research highlights the subjective norm's role in a multicultural context, clarifying that it is not the primary catalyst for party realignment. Instead, personal beliefs (people's egocentric behaviour) play a substantial role in shaping voter attitudes. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the interplay between subjective norms (ethnic identity), attitudes (egocentrism), and party realignment within Malaysia's diverse social landscape. Moreover, they hold significant implications for formulating effective political strategies and government policies within a multicultural society.

Forum: The Past, Present, and Futures of Modern British History

Abstract For the first issue of the renamed journal, Modern British History co-editor Erik Linstrum convened a group of scholars to reflect on the past, present, and possible futures of the field. The resulting contributions make no claim to provide a comprehensive or representative survey. Rather, they offer a variety of perspectives on where modern British history has been and where it might be going. Several contributions, written by former editors of Twentieth Century British History, drawn on the history of the journal as a way of thinking about the direction of the field and its subfields. Others consider the place of modern Britain in the wider discipline of history, grappling with questions of temporality and embodiment; the institutional and material contexts of scholarship; the role of national histories in a transnational world; and the response of historical writing to epidemiological, humanitarian, and ecological crisis. The sequence of contributions mirrors the evolution of the journal since its founding in 1990, beginning with political history and gradually encompassing a much broader range of subjects and methodologies as well as an expanded geographical ambit. Here are archive stories, pleas for new subjects, roadmaps for new approaches to old subjects, and attempts to identify master narratives. Taken together, these contributions demonstrate that modern British history has many houses—which is both a sign of intellectual vitality and a challenge for anyone wishing to generalize about the ‘state of the field’. If British modernity remains an abundant resource for ‘thinking with’, its contours and frontiers are tantalizingly up for grabs.

Sociodemographic characteristics help predict Canadian urbanites' acceptability of restaurant food environment policies.

Public acceptability of policies aiming to improve the healthfulness of the restaurant food environment is key to their successful implementation. Yet, the acceptability of these policies remains ambiguous, especially across diverse population groups. This study aims to examine associations between sociodemographic characteristics and acceptability levels of three restaurant food environment policies of varying degrees of intrusiveness across 17 urban Canadian jurisdictions. Data was extracted from the THEPA survey, one of the largest and most jurisdictionally comprehensive surveys on intervention acceptability (N = 27,162). To account for potential jurisdictional differences in acceptability, for each policy, multilevel logistic regression models were developed. Results indicated that, on average, those in complete agreement with the implementation of the targeted policies represented 20.3%-26.9% of participants, depending on the policy. Acceptability varied according to policy intrusiveness, jurisdiction, and participants' sociodemographic characteristics. Women, individuals with household incomes of <$40,000/year, immigrants from a high-income country other than Canada, and Indigenous peoples were more likely to express complete agreement with all policies, versus men, participants with household incomes of $40,000-$79,999/year, Canadian-born individuals, and non-Indigenous individuals. A lower likelihood of expressing complete agreement with all policies was observed for those with a $80,000-$119,999/year household income, versus those with a $40,000-$79,999/year household income. For selected policies and models, other sociodemographic characteristics (i.e., age, education, and being born in a low-or middle-income country) predicted acceptability. The examined sociodemographic characteristics did not explain jurisdictional differences in acceptability. Understanding jurisdictional differences in acceptability merits further research. Policy implications involve engaging diverse sociodemographic groups in conversations about acceptable ways in which their restaurant food environment could be rendered more healthful.

Advancing IoT Security: A Comprehensive Survey of Lightweight Cryptography Solutions

Advancing IoT Security: A Comprehensive Survey of Lightweight Cryptography Solutions

Eye Abnormalities Detection Using Machine Learning

Abstract: The most common cause of irreversible visualimpairment and incapacity around the world is glaucoma. In any case, the larger part of patients are uninformed of their condition. Despite headways in innovation, diagnosing the movement of glaucoma remains a challengein clinical hone. Observing glaucoma movement ordinarilyincludes a manual examination of the retinal layer, which is time-consuming. This issue can be tended to by computerizing glaucoma conclusions utilizing profound learning and machine learning strategies. A comprehensive survey of various computerized glaucoma forecast and discovery strategies was conducted in this orderly audit. Over 100 papers on machine learning (ML) strategies were analyzed, covering outlines, strategies, goals, execution, benefits, and downsides, with clear charts and tables. Machine learning approaches such as the Resnet calculation and Convolutional Neural Organize are commonly utilized for diagnosing and foreseeing glaucoma. Through precise audits, the most solid strategy for glaucoma discovery and forecast can be distinguished to improve future treatments. Cataracts are the driving cause of visual This ponder givesa comprehensive outline of current headways in machine learning strategies for assessing and classifying cataracts utilizing ophthalmic pictures. The study highlights the qualities and shortcomings of existing investigations and addresses challenges related to independent cataract classification and evaluating utilizing machine learningprocedures, advertising potential arrangements forencourage examination

Impact of Women\'s Participation in Local Governance on Socio-Economic Development: A Case Study of Panchayati Raj Institutions in Maharashtra

Abstract: The participation of women in local governance, particularly in Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs), is increasingly recognized as crucial for fostering socio-economic development. This study focuses on the state of Maharashtra, India, examining the impact of women’s involvement in PRIs on various socio-economic indicators. Utilizing empirical data from a comprehensive survey conducted across multiple districts, the study analyzes the correlation between women’s representation in PRIs and key development parameters. Findings reveal a positive association between higher levels of women’s participation in PRIs and improvements in socio-economic indicators. Specifically, districts with greater female representation in PRIs demonstrate enhanced access to basic services such as healthcare, education, and sanitation. For instance, districts with more than 50% female representation in PRIs saw a 25% increase in primary healthcare coverage compared to districts with lower female representation.

Morphological and molecular characterization of Heterodera ripae, a new record cyst nematode in the rhizosphere soil of Fagopyrum esculentum

Numerous plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) have the potential to inflict considerable damage on agricultural crops. Through a comprehensive survey aimed at identifying PPNs affecting crops, cyst nematodes were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum). Employing both molecular and morphological techniques, this cyst nematode was conclusively identified as Heterodera ripae. Notably, this represents the first documented occurrence of this particular cyst nematode species within the rhizosphere soil of F. esculentum.

Update on the composition and distribution of the mosquito fauna (Diptera: Culicidae) in Cabo Verde, a country at risk for mosquito-borne diseases.

Mosquitoes play a critical role as vectors of pathogens affecting both humans and animals. Therefore, understanding their biodiversity and distribution is crucial to developing evidence-based vector control strategies. The current study updated the composition and distribution of mosquito species through a comprehensive survey of all municipalities of Cabo Verde. From October 2017 to September 2018, mosquito larvae and pupae were collected from 814 aquatic habitats. Anopheles gambiae (Giles, 1902) and Culex pipiens (Linnaeus, 1758) complexes were subjected to PCR-based techniques for sibling species identification. Ten mosquito species from 5 genera were identified: Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762), Aedes caspius (Pallas, 1771), Anopheles arabiensis (Patton, 1905), Anopheles pretoriensis (Theobald, 1903), Culex bitaeniorhynchus (Giles, 1901), Cx. pipiens, Culex quinquefasciatus (Say, 1823), Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Giles, 1901), Culiseta longiareolata (Macquart, 1838), and Lutzia tigripes (de Grandpre & de Charmoy, 1901). Santiago Island reported the highest number of species (n = 8). Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus were the most widely distributed species across the country. An. arabiensis was the sole species identified within the An. gambiae complex. The findings from our study will help guide health policy decisions to effectively control mosquito-borne diseases.

Credit Card Fraud Detection Using Machine Learning

Credit Card Fraud Detection Using Machine Learning

Solar Tracking Methods: A Comprehensive Survey

Abstract: In the pursuit of maximizing solar energy utilization, solar tracking systems have emerged as indispensable tools for enhancing the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) systems. This comprehensive survey delves into the multifaceted landscape of solar tracking methods, elucidating the diverse techniques and strategies employed in optimizing solar panel orientation relative to the sun's position Solar tracking systems are classified into two primary categories: single-axis and dual-axis tracking. Single-axis tracking systems adjust solar panels along one axis, typically the azimuth axis, while dual-axis tracking systems dynamically alter both azimuth and elevation angles to accurately follow the sun's apparent motion across the sky.Within the realm of solar tracking, passive and active tracking methods are explored. Passive tracking mechanisms rely on natural phenomena such as gravity or thermal expansion to adjust panel orientation, whereas active tracking systems employ mechanical, electrical, or hydraulic actuators driven by motors or other means to actively adjust panel angles based on real-time tracking algorithms.A pivotal aspect of solar tracking systems is the selection and implementation of tracking algorithms. Various algorithms, including sun position algorithms, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms, and predictive algorithms, are analyzed for their effectiveness in accurately predicting and optimizing solar panel orientation.Furthermore, this survey scrutinizes the role of sensor technologies in solar tracking, encompassing GPS-based tracking, light-intensity-based tracking, weather-based tracking utilizing meteorological sensors, and horizon tracking techniques. These sensor-based methodologies offer different advantages and trade-offs in terms of accuracy, cost, and reliability. To provide a comprehensive understanding, comparative analyses are conducted, evaluating the efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and energy yield of different tracking methods. These comparative assessments offer valuable insights into the performance characteristics and suitability of various tracking methodologies across diverse applications and environmental conditions.In conclusion, this survey serves as an invaluable resource for researchers, engineers, and policymakers involved in the design, development, and optimization of solar tracking systems for renewable energy applications. By synthesizing the latest advancements and comparative analyses, this survey facilitates informed decision-making and fosters the advancement of sustainable solar energy technologies.

Virtual Instrument Performances (VIP): A Comprehensive Review

AbstractDriven by recent advancements in Extended Reality (XR), the hype around the Metaverse, and real‐time computer graphics, the transformation of the performing arts, particularly in digitizing and visualizing musical experiences, is an ever‐evolving landscape. This transformation offers significant potential in promoting inclusivity, fostering creativity, and enabling live performances in diverse settings. However, despite its immense potential, the field of Virtual Instrument Performances (VIP) has remained relatively unexplored due to numerous challenges. These challenges arise from the complex and multi‐modal nature of musical instrument performances, the need for high precision motion capture under occlusions including the intricate interactions between a musician's body and fingers with instruments, the precise synchronization and seamless integration of various sensory modalities, accommodating variations in musicians' playing styles, facial expressions, and addressing instrument‐specific nuances. This comprehensive survey delves into the intersection of technology, innovation, and artistic expression in the domain of virtual instrument performances. It explores musical performance multi‐modal databases and investigates a wide range of data acquisition methods, encompassing diverse motion capture techniques, facial expression recording, and various approaches for capturing audio and MIDI data (Musical Instrument Digital Interface). The survey also explores Music Information Retrieval (MIR) tasks, with a particular emphasis on the Musical Performance Analysis (MPA) field, and offers an overview of various works in the realm of Musical Instrument Performance Synthesis (MIPS), encompassing recent advancements in generative models. The ultimate aim of this survey is to unveil the technological limitations, initiate a dialogue about the current challenges, and propose promising avenues for future research at the intersection of technology and the arts.

Latency optimized C-RAN in optical backhaul and RF fronthaul architecture for beyond 5G network: A comprehensive survey

The need for high-speed data connection has significantly strained Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) due to an exponential increase in traffic. Numerous innovative technologies have been used to fulfill consumer service needs in capacity, high-speed data, network coverage, and Quality of Service (QoS), but they still require more thought. Because of several advantageous features in terms of resource utilization, service deployment, Capital Expenditure (CAPEX), Operating Expense (OPEX), and network management, the Cloud-based Radio Access Network (C-RAN) has played a significant role in mitigating the issues faced by mobile network operators. However, the C-RAN technology places high demands on the mobile fronthaul network due to the risk of connection interruptions. This article thoroughly analyzes the essential technologies, problems, design, needs, and solutions for effective fronthaul and backhaul communication a fifth-generation (5G) and beyond systems. There have been reviews of optical-based fronthaul and backhaul technologies. This article makes suggestions for ways to make fronthaul and backhaul communication systems more effective by lowering the costs, bandwidth, latency, and power requirements.

Education Policies and Practices for Ensuring Quality Education in Nepal

Background: Nepal's education policies and practices focus on enhancing the quality of education by implementing guidelines, regulations, and initiatives established by the government and educational institutions. The policies and practices are carefully crafted to address various aspects of the education system, ensuring that all students can access equitable, thorough, and effective educational opportunities. Objectives: This study examines the education policies and practices implemented in Nepal to ensure high-quality education. Method: An analytical and descriptive research design has been applied to analyze the data. Data were collected through a comprehensive field survey. Questionnaires were distributed to students, teachers, and guardians, while head teachers were interviewed. Additionally, policy experts and local leaders participated in a focused group discussion. Results: The study found a strong correlation between various dimensions of quality education and the overall quality of education. Specifically, motivation, teaching-learning pedagogy, school environment, and training and development were found to be statistically significant in improving the quality of education. However, no significant relationship was found between resources and the quality of education. The regression results also showed similar findings.  Conclusion: Based on the hypothesis, it can be inferred that there was a positive impact of motivation, teaching-learning pedagogy, school environment, and training and development on the quality of education, even in primary and basic education settings. The study suggests that resources do not have a significant impact on the quality of education in primary and basic education. Novelty: The researcher has expected that by implementing education acts, policies, and programs, Nepal's school education will be improved ensuring education quality.

A Merningar Bardok family’s Noongar oral history of Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve and surrounds

Warning Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander readers should be aware that this document may contain sensitive information, images or names of people who have since passed away. Context Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve on Western Australia’s south coast is world renowned for its biodiversity, particularly its threatened fauna. Future co-management of the Reserve with Aboriginal peoples is likely, although very little information on the Noongar cultural heritage of the Reserve has been published and thus available for stewardship guidance. Methods This study used oral history interviews on Country based on open-ended questioning and respect for intellectual property. Comprehensive surveys for Noongar cultural heritage were conducted on foot on the Reserve. Key results A rich trove of women’s and men’s stories from the Knapp family about Two Peoples Bay is recalled and recorded. The Reserve features prominently in Wiernyert/Dreaming stories with classical human moral dilemmas, and transformations for wrong-doing are featured. Threatened animals and important plants are named as borongur/totems. Trading of gidj/spears of Taxandria juniperina is prominent. Use of fire traditionally was circumspect, and is confined to small areas and pathways in lowlands. Granite rocks are replete with lizard traps, standing stones, and stone arrangements. Conclusions The Reserve has a long and layered oral history for Merningar Bardok Noongars, exemplified here by the Knapp family, members of which have enjoyed continuous oral history for countless generations. Granite rocks, wetlands, flora, and fauna are vitally important vessels of such knowledge. Implications Cultural suppression has inhibited free cross-cultural exchange of kaatidjin/knowledge until recently. As respect for culture and Elders becomes paramount, positive co-stewardship of the Reserve will become a reality. Vibrant cultural interpretation and active management by Noongar guides and rangers is recommended.

Spinal Cord Injuries in Iraq: A Teleassessment Survey of the Survivors from 2017 to 2018 Islamic State of Iraq and Syria War.

Introduction: The significance of comprehensive investigations specifically addressing the characteristics and implications of nervous system injuries (NSIs) and particularly war-related spinal cord injuries (SCI) remain limited. Iraq lacks comprehensive survey studies for quality of life for people after SCI. The objective of this work was to identify the number of NSIs and mortality of those injured during the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) war in Iraq and analyze events specifically as sociodemographic variables to assess quality of life healthy, psychological, and social disorders from onset of injury till the involving. Methods: A survey-based descriptive study, and analytical retrospective at community-based of Nineveh Governorate, in Iraq. The participants were 34 survivors of ISIS war with SCIs, ages between 9 and 60 years, and 7 females (20.59%) and 27 males (79.41%) as registered in Nineveh Center of Disability Rehabilitation. Data collection was conducted using Telephone Video Interviews and respondents' health information. Protocol-specific questions and some psychological and social scales (PTSD) (DSM-IV), (TAS-20), (SWLS), and (MSPSS) were also used. Results: There were 2,990 NSIs with the highest rate of injuries occurring from 2017 to 2018, and the SCIs were 267 injuries (8.93%), and (70.59%) at level T the mortalities were 57 cases, all participants suffered from physical and psychological chronic complications, while the results of the PTSD, GPC, and SWLS were at a moderate level. Conclusions: In urban warfare, there's a rise in NSIs, notably SCIs influenced by the type of weaponry. The survivors face significant physical, psychological, social, and financial burdens. More research is crucial to understanding their situations and developing strategies to alleviate their health, social, and financial challenges.

Impact of Ship Noise on Seafarers’ Sleep Disturbances and Daily Activities: An Analysis of Fatigue Increase and Maritime Accident Risk through a Survey

This study delves into the impact of ship noise on seafarer well-being, emphasizing fatigue—a significant contributor to maritime accidents due to human error. The investigation, centered around the hypothesis that IMO ship construction standards may not adequately minimize noise levels in seafarer cabins, seeks to establish whether these levels are sufficient to ensure seafarer security and prevent sleep disturbances. According to current IMO regulations, noise levels are set at 55 dB for vessels under 10,000 gross tonnage and 60 dB for those over 10,000, yet WHO guidelines recommend a maximum of 40 dB in bedrooms to avoid sleep disruption. A comprehensive survey involving 221 cadets demonstrates that 79.6% of participants experience sleep disturbances, work disruptions, and stress due to noise, indicating that the present noise standards are insufficient. This paper argues that reducing noise levels in individual cabins to below 40 dB is critical for enhancing seafarer health and safety and could significantly reduce human error-related maritime accidents. The findings advocate for more stringent noise control measures and regulatory reforms to bridge the knowledge gaps and improve labor protection in the maritime industry.

Polytomous Rasch Analyses of Surgeons' Decision-Making on Choice of Procedure in Endoscopic Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Decompression Surgeries.

With the growing prevalence of lumbar spinal stenosis, endoscopic surgery, which incorporates techniques such as transforaminal, interlaminar, and unilateral biportal (UBE) endoscopy, is increasingly considered. However, the patient selection criteria are debated among spine surgeons. This study used a polytomous Rasch analysis to evaluate the factors influencing surgeon decision-making in selecting patients for endoscopic surgical treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis. A comprehensive survey was distributed to a representative sample of 296 spine surgeons. Questions encompassed various patient-related and clinical factors, and responses were captured on a logit scale graphically displaying person-item maps and category probability curves for each test item. Using a Rasch analysis, the data were subsequently analyzed to determine the latent traits influencing decision-making. The Rasch analysis revealed that surgeons' preferences for transforaminal, interlaminar, and UBE techniques were easily influenced by comfort level and experience with the endoscopic procedure and patient-related factors. Harder-to-agree items included technological aspects, favorable clinical outcomes, and postoperative functional recovery and rehabilitation. Descriptive statistics suggested interlaminar as the best endoscopic spinal stenosis decompression technique. However, logit person-item analysis integral to the Rasch methodology showed highest intensity for transforaminal followed by interlaminar endoscopic lumbar stenosis decompression. The UBE technique was the hardest to agree on with a disordered person-item analysis and thresholds in category probability curve plots. Surgeon decision-making in selecting patients for endoscopic surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis is multifaceted. While the framework of clinical guidelines remains paramount, on-the-ground experience-based factors significantly influence surgeons' selection of patients for endoscopic lumbar spinal stenosis surgeries. The Rasch methodology allows for a more granular psychometric evaluation of surgeon decision-making and accounts better for years-long experience that may be lost in standardized clinical guideline development. This new approach to assessing spine surgeons' thought processes may improve the implementation of evidence-based protocol change dictated by technological advances was endorsed by the Interamerican Society for Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery (SICCMI), the International Society for Minimal Intervention in Spinal Surgery (ISMISS), the Mexican Spine Society (AMCICO), the Brazilian Spine Society (SBC), the Society for Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery (SMISS), the Korean Minimally Invasive Spine Society (KOMISS), and the International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery (ISASS).

Navigating the Digital Landscape: Unveiling Language Dynamics and Digital Identity among Indonesia’s Contemporary Generation

This research article investigates the impact of the Internet on language development and digital linguistics in Indonesia. It explores the search frequency and familiarity trends of Indonesian words and phrases, examining their connection to social change and identity. The study utilizes the Google Trend platform to collect data from 2018 to 2023, capturing the prevalence of the Indonesian language in Google searches. The research incorporates a comparative analysis of online data from social media, incorporating ethnographic interviews with 30 participants, and conducting a comprehensive lexicon survey. 77 Indonesian words and phrases are collected and analyzed, providing insights into familiarity patterns. Additionally, interviews and surveys are conducted with Indonesian university students to understand their attitudes towards language, its role in shaping identities, internet usage, and societal norms. The analysis focuses on 40 selected words, investigating their correlation with language patterns, identity formation, emotions, and societal conventions. The findings reveal how neologisms within Indonesia’s digital linguistic landscape reflect societal shifts, including contemporary events, social media trends, and societal pressures. The proliferation of trending words aligned with themes of identity, societal norms, and emotional well-being highlights the influence of social media and the Internet on language dissemination. These changes are deeply embedded in Indonesia’s digital linguistic milieu and are further elucidated through interviews, offering insights into internet users’ linguistic practices. The study emphasizes the importance of tracking language and societal trends for self-expression and integration into diverse communities. It also highlights the reciprocal relationship between self-identity and communal influence on language development. This research contributes to understanding language dynamics and digital identity in the Indonesian context, revealing the complex interplay between language, society, and individual perspectives.    

Fault Diagnosis Research on Aviation Aircraft

With the development of modern aviation technology, how to ensure the stability of the air cargo process and how to ensure the safety of the aircraft has always been one of the important issues of concern to the air transport industry. During actual transportation, aircraft often lose control due to their own mechanical failures or system failures. In order to solve this problem, based on a comprehensive survey of relevant literature on aircraft fault diagnosis, a classification and introduction of related research was conducted based on different data-driven methods. This review is expected to provide a useful reference for research on aircraft fault diagnosis.

Quantifying the Occurrence of High-Risk Pregnancy: A Comprehensive Survey

Quantifying the Occurrence of High-Risk Pregnancy: A Comprehensive Survey