Latency optimized C-RAN in optical backhaul and RF fronthaul architecture for beyond 5G network: A comprehensive survey

Abstract

The need for high-speed data connection has significantly strained Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) due to an exponential increase in traffic. Numerous innovative technologies have been used to fulfill consumer service needs in capacity, high-speed data, network coverage, and Quality of Service (QoS), but they still require more thought. Because of several advantageous features in terms of resource utilization, service deployment, Capital Expenditure (CAPEX), Operating Expense (OPEX), and network management, the Cloud-based Radio Access Network (C-RAN) has played a significant role in mitigating the issues faced by mobile network operators. However, the C-RAN technology places high demands on the mobile fronthaul network due to the risk of connection interruptions. This article thoroughly analyzes the essential technologies, problems, design, needs, and solutions for effective fronthaul and backhaul communication a fifth-generation (5G) and beyond systems. There have been reviews of optical-based fronthaul and backhaul technologies. This article makes suggestions for ways to make fronthaul and backhaul communication systems more effective by lowering the costs, bandwidth, latency, and power requirements.