Comprehensive Reform Research Articles

On the Realistic Path of Comprehensive Education Reform in Ideological and Political Theory Courses in Universities

This article explores the importance and implementation strategies of comprehensive educational reform in ideological and political theory courses in universities. The article points out that comprehensive education reform is not only an inevitable requirement to adapt to the development needs of the new era, but also a key to improving the quality of education, promoting the development of the teacher team, and building a discourse system for ideological and political education with Chinese characteristics. Faced with challenges such as globalization and informatization, ideological and political courses need to update their teaching content, introduce current hot topics, strengthen practical teaching, adopt diversified teaching methods, and fully utilize modern information technology. At the same time, it emphasizes the student-centered teaching philosophy and focuses on cultivating students' self-learning ability and critical thinking. These efforts aim to make ideological and political courses more relevant to the times and students, and contribute to the cultivation of socialist builders and successors with comprehensive development in morality, intelligence, physical fitness, aesthetics, and labor.

2024 Election Reflections: Political Ambition and Legal Defeat

The 2024 election in Indonesia faces significant challenges related to political ambitions and legal defeats, which have impacted the integrity and implementation of the election process. Political ambitions from candidates and political parties often lead to violations of election rules, including the spread of misleading information and manipulation of voting results. Legal defeats, such as violations of campaign rules and the inability of law enforcement to handle these cases, undermine public trust in the democratic system and law enforcement institutions. This article examines the impact of these legal defeats and provides recommendations for reforms in election regulations, increased law enforcement, transparency, and political education. Comprehensive reform efforts are needed to ensure fair elections and increase public trust in the democratic process in the future

Research on the Reform of the Teaching Mode of Transportation Specialized Courses Based on AI Technology

As an important support for the development of modern society, the teaching quality of the transportation profession directly affects the development level of the industry. However, the current teaching mode has many problems, such as outdated teaching content, single teaching methods, lack of personalized guidance, etc., which can not meet the demand for transportation talents in the new era. With the rapid development of AI technology, its application in the field of education provides new ideas and methods to solve these problems. Through the introduction of AI technology, a comprehensive reform of the teaching mode of transportation professional courses can be realized, and the teaching effect and students' learning quality can be improved. This paper will discuss in detail the necessity, specific measures, and expected results of the reform of the teaching mode of transportation professional courses based on AI technology.

Impediments to Effective Leadership in Public Service: A Case of Administrative and Political Challenges in County Governments in Kenya

This study addresses the substantial challenges facing leadership effectiveness in Kenya's county governments, focusing on bureaucratic inertia, political interference, resource limitations, and issues with meritocratic appointments that undermine governance and public trust. The research aimed to comprehensively analyze these barriers and propose actionable strategies for improvement. What are the primary administrative impediments to effective leadership in public service within county governments in Kenya? How do political dynamics influence leadership effectiveness in the public service sector at the county level? And what strategies can be implemented to overcome these impediments and enhance leadership effectiveness in county governments? The research questions were: Grounded in theories of transformational and transactional leadership the study explores the contrast between these leadership styles in overcoming the identified challenges. The study employs a mixed-methods approach. Qualitative data from interviews and case studies, alongside quantitative insights gathered through surveys of county officials, public servants, and community leaders, provide a holistic perspective. Purposive sampling ensured diverse participant viewpoints were captured because it allows for targeted sampling. Key findings using Likert scale of 1-5 underscore significant impediments to effective leadership: bureaucratic inertia (rated 4.0), political interference (3.9), resource constraints (3.8), insufficient training (3.7), and political appointments lacking meritocracy (4.2), corruption (4.1), fraudulent academic credentials (3.5), patronage (3.8), and tribalism (3.7). These findings reveal systemic challenges that hinder leadership effectiveness and governance outcomes. In conclusion, entrenched bureaucratic practices, external political pressures, and systemic flaws in leadership appointments hinder effective governance in Kenyan county governments. Addressing these issues necessitates comprehensive reforms, including transparent appointment processes, strengthened anti-corruption measures, strategic resource allocation, and enhanced professional development for public service leaders. From the findings the study recommends implementing transparent and merit-based appointment systems, bolstering anti-corruption efforts, prioritizing targeted resource allocation, and investing in continuous leadership development programs. These measures are crucial for fostering transparency, accountability, and sustainable development in Kenya's county governments

Balancing Development and Community Rights: Legal and Policy Frameworks for Land Conflict Resolution in Batam, Indonesia

The rapid development of Batam, Indonesia, as a Special Economic Zone (SEZ) has led to significant land conflicts between the state, developers, and local communities. The existing legal and policy frameworks have been criticized for prioritizing economic growth over community rights, leading to forced evictions, inadequate compensation, and social unrest. This study aims to analyze the legal and policy frameworks governing land conflict resolution in Batam and propose recommendations for balancing development and community rights. The research employs a qualitative approach, combining legal and policy analysis with empirical data collected through interviews with key stakeholders, including government officials, community leaders, and legal experts. The study examines relevant laws, regulations, and policies related to land acquisition, compensation, and dispute resolution in Batam. The findings reveal several shortcomings in the current legal and policy frameworks, including a lack of transparency and participation in decision-making processes, inadequate compensation mechanisms, and limited access to justice for affected communities. The study also highlights the power imbalance between the state, developers, and communities, which often leads to the marginalization of community rights. The study concludes that balancing development and community rights in Batam requires a comprehensive reform of the legal and policy frameworks. The recommendations include strengthening community participation in decision-making processes, ensuring fair and adequate compensation, and improving access to justice for affected communities. The study also emphasizes the need for greater transparency and accountability in land acquisition and development processes.

Assessing the Economic Impact of IFRS Adoption on Financial Transparency and Growth in the Arab Gulf Countries

This paper examines the impact of adopting IFRS on economic growth and further development in the Arab Gulf countries, with a particular focus on Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar, Oman, Kuwait, and Bahrain. It, therefore, answers the research question of how IFRS adoption affects financial transparency, regulatory frameworks, and economic stability in general in oil-dependent economies. Using data from 2010 to 2020, the research uses regression models to test the influence of IFRS adoption on several key economic indicators. The results, thus, indicate that the adoption of IFRS considerably increases the level of transparency and, hence, enables the inflow of FDI as well, therefore ensuring economic growth. This result also sheds light on the critical roles that regulatory solid frameworks and political stability play in amplifying the benefits of IFRS adoption. However, family-based and state-owned enterprises’ resistance to increased demands for transparency is an issue that would provide a challenge. Implications for policy will be such that comprehensive reforms will be required with the countries’ regulatory frameworks, including more transparency and fitting the IFRS guidelines into local business practice and the cultural context. Future studies should also underscore sector-wise impact and go deeper into how cultural and institutional factors impact the effectiveness of implementing IFRS in the Arab Gulf region.

PROTECTING HUMAN RIGHTS IN INDIAN SPORTS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF EXISTING LAWS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

This paper critically examines the intersection of sports and human rights in India, highlighting the need for robust legal frameworks to protect athletes' rights. A qualitative analysis of existing sports laws and policies reveals significant gaps and challenges, including inadequate athlete representation, insufficient funding, and lack of transparency. The paper recommends comprehensive reforms to strengthen human rights protection in Indian sports, including the establishment of an independent sports regulatory body, implementation of robust anti-discrimination policies, and promotion of transparency and accountability. By addressing these gaps and challenges, India can promote a more inclusive and equitable sports environment, upholding human rights and ensuring athlete welfare.

The provision of accounting ethics education in Ethiopian accounting programs: a structuration theory perspective

Purpose This study aims to explore the provision of accounting ethics education in Ethiopian accounting programs through structuration theory. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative case study methodology was used, and data were collected through semistructured interviews with faculty members, practitioners and regulatory bodies. The interview transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Accounting curricula were also analyzed to triangulate and support the findings. Findings The study revealed a significant gap in the status of accounting ethics education, primarily attributed to a misunderstanding of its importance. While faculty initiatives and student interest have partially mitigated this gap, systemic challenges such as rigid curricula, a lack of awareness and commitment, resource constraints and limited stakeholders’ support persisted. A combined approach to accounting ethics education is required to foster ethical behavior. Hence, the structuration theory highlighted how meanings, power dynamics and norms and values constrained and enabled the provision of accounting ethics education. Research limitations/implications The study emphasized the need for stakeholders to influence policymakers’ perceptions regarding the significance of accounting ethics education. The study also provided empirical support for structuration theory. Future research should involve cross-cultural comparisons and explore the ethical behavior of accounting professionals using diverse research designs to highlight the gaps and inform effective educational interventions. Originality/value This study contributes to the theoretical application of structuration theory in accounting ethics education. It underscores the critical role of comprehensive curricular reforms, stakeholder engagement and resource allocation.

Some Problems on Teaching Profession Developing in Singapore, Malaysia and Lessons for Vietnam

The quality of education and the quality of a country's human resources depend greatly on its teachers. Therefore, training and fostering teachers plays an important role in the development of the country. The article addresses some issues of two countries, Singapore and Malaysia, in teacher professional development. These are the issues: Enrollment and training; recruitment and training; Reward, encourage and honor teachers. This article analyzes the strengths of these two countries in teacher training and development. In the context of fundamental and comprehensive reform of education in Vietnam, the reform of teacher training programs in the direction of professional development is being researched by teacher training institutions to find appropriate directions. The 21st century teacher training model of Malaysia and Singapore is a valuable lesson for us to learn and apply in building and developing teacher careers in Vietnam.

Bridge to security: Exploring unemployment insurance for solo self-employed in Estonia

The COVID-19 crisis highlighted the need for better access to unemployment insurance, particularly for solo self-employed workers. Traditionally seen as entrepreneurs bearing their own risks, the line between employment and entrepreneurship for solo self-employed has blurred, raising questions about adequate social protection. This shift is largely attributed to the rise of platform work, often linked with dependent self-employment and a precarious social security landscape for workers. In Estonia, where solo self-employment is increasingly common, access to unemployment insurance and the level of protection depends on the workers’ awareness and intent, as well as the approach adopted by task-mediating platforms in the case of platform workers. While the self-employed, including platform workers, can access insurance by opting for certain legal forms of work and making regular contributions, effective access remains limited. Low and irregular income poses eligibility challenges, and certain legal forms of self-employment can hinder access to benefits, despite eligibility through other means. In the long run, these challenges could undermine the sustainability of Estonia's social security system, emphasising the critical need for comprehensive reforms to ensure equitable access to unemployment insurance for all self-employed individuals, including those engaged in platform work.

Unveiling the Hidden Power of Water Services Development Plans

South African Water Services Authorities (WSAs) have been grappling with the challenge of providing sustainable water and sanitation services which is a product of the sector’s inadequate planning and practices systems. Consequently, many communities which are the end-users endure inadequate access to sustainable water and sanitation services. Thus, establishing effective planning mechanisms becomes crucial to ensure the provision of adequate and sustainable water and sanitation services, and this is the central problem of analysis and prescription for this paper. Notably, the paper recommends an already existing systems approach to local governance that takes advantage of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to drive the modernisation of water and sanitation planning processes which are the Municipal Strategic Self-Assessment (MuSSA) and the Water Services Development Plan (WSDP). Through an emic perspective, systematic search of literature, and document analysis, this paper examines the 2022 MuSSA reports of Western Cape and Gauteng, to identify the challenges faced by the provinces. The findings reveal deficiencies in the Western Cape's investment in asset renewal, infrastructure management, reduction of non-revenue water, and adherence to national standards. Similarly, Gauteng requires comprehensive reforms to address financial instability, asset management, and regulatory compliance. The paper also examines the progress of WSDP development in the 2022-2027 cycle, specifically focusing on the 2022-2023 financial cycle to assess WSAs' compliance. Results indicate that, of 25 WSAs in the Western Cape, only 10 have initiated WSDP development, while 15 lag behind. In Gauteng, only 2 of 9 WSAs have begun the process. Notably, both provinces are behind schedule, having been expected to initiate WSDP development in 2022. The findings of this paper, give an invaluable snippet of the water services planning mechanisms at the local government to ensure proper monitoring and adequate intervention at a local level whilst ensuring the streamlining of resource allocation and recommends that the national government reflects on its shortcomings of ensuring legislative compliance by local government.

Research on Argentine Inflationary Crisis

Since the late 2010s, prolonged inflation has remained a persistent issue in Argentina's economy, the highest in the G20. This research investigates the multifaceted causes of Argentina's inflationary crisis, focusing on the structural deficiencies within its economy, the impact of historical and contemporary policies, and the effectiveness of monetary interventions. The study reveals that decades of inward-looking policies, particularly import substitution industrialization, have created inefficiencies and limited Argentina's global trade participation. Additionally, political forces and regulatory inefficiencies have further destabilized the economy. The findings suggest that raising interest rates alone is insufficient to address the inflation crisis, highlighting the need for comprehensive fiscal and structural reforms.

Can we rest easy under the registration-based IPO reform? Evidence from the Chinese growth enterprise market

The registration-based initial public offering (IPO) system is a pivotal initiative in China’s comprehensive capital market reform, but little is known about its effectiveness. Our study aims to explore the impact of the registration-based IPO reform on enterprises’ environmental, social, and governance (ESG) greenwashing behaviors. Drawing on data from 2,490 enterprises listed on the Chinese growth enterprise market and the main board of the Shenzhen Stock Exchange during 2012-2022, we find that the registration-based IPO reform significantly aggravates ESG greenwashing with an effect of 0.1696. Building upon this evidence, we explore the underlying mechanism. Peer competition and retail investor sentiment play a partial mediating role and become two channels through which the registration-based IPO reform may aggravate enterprises’ ESG greenwashing. Analysts’ attention can alleviate the impact of registration-based IPO reform on enterprises’ ESG greenwashing while management myopia intensifies it, and they both play a moderating role. Moreover, the aggravating effect of the registration-based IPO reform on ESG greenwashing is more pronounced in enterprises belonging to heavily polluting industries, in the Western region, and with low information transparency. Thus, our findings offer new insights into enterprises’ ESG greenwashing behaviors in the context of the registration-based IPO reform.

Impact of the comprehensive agricultural water use reform policy on food production: Quasinatural experimental evidence from China

In 2014, the Chinese government launched a comprehensive agricultural water use reform policy (CAWURP) for the conservation of agricultural water. Thus, the question as of as to how the implementation of this policy affects food production has arisen. To answer this question, we use Chinese provincial data from 2004 to 2021 and apply the difference-in-differences (DID) method to explore the relationship between the CAWURP and food production. The results show that the CAWURP can significantly improve food production, which means that water conservation and food production growth can be achieved simultaneously. Moreover, the CAWURP can enhance technological innovation and promote large-scale crop cultivation, which is conducive to enhancing food production. Regional division based on the CAWURP, economic development level, and food production area type significantly impacts the effect of the CAWURP. For example, policy reforms have been more effective at increasing food production capacity in the northeastern and eastern regions. However, such policy reforms have been less effective in the more water-poor northwestern region and in the major food-producing regions. Based on these conclusions, this study suggests that the Chinese government should differentially implement the CAWURP by, for example, strengthening the level of policy implementation in Northwest China and adjusting policy implementation projects in not only the major food-producing regions of the country but also Central China to enhance the effectiveness of policy implementation. This study provides a useful reference for other countries aiming to conduct agricultural water reforms and enhance food security.

Resilience of Post-Trafficked Women: A Narrative Inquiry

This study explores the resilience of post-trafficked women. It used a qualitative narrative inquiry approach, involving six participants from Kathmandu Valley. The purposive sampling method was adopted ensuring diverse representation. Thematic analysis was employed to identify resilience mechanisms and coping strategies. Through in-depth interviews, the research has uncovered how trauma, physical health challenges, economic disenfranchisement, and social reintegration impact survivors’ recovery. Findings revealed that the trauma continues to affect daily life, though coping strategies like engaging in hobbies significantly aid resilience. Physical health issues, compounded by past trauma, highlight the need for integrated healthcare solutions. Economic challenges, exacerbated by stigma, highlight the importance of vocational training and microfinance programs for achieving financial independence. Social integration and community support are crucial for overcoming stigma and fostering recovery. Contemporary issues, including the impact of technology and the COVID-19 pandemic, further complicate support efforts. The study concludes that comprehensive support systems, policy reforms, and innovative solutions are essential to enhance the resilience and recovery of trafficking survivors in Nepal.

The Effectiveness of Indonesia's Anti-Corruption Law on Legal Reform and Implementation

This study examines the efficacy of Indonesia's anti-corruption legislation in the wider framework of legislative restructuring and its execution. The paper investigates the legal frameworks and regulatory measures implemented to combat corruption, using a normative juridical analysis. The primary objective is to examine the impact of these laws on legal reform, evaluate their enforcement, and highlight the problems encountered in their practical implementation. The results demonstrate substantial advancements in legislative actions, but also underscore enduring barriers in execution, such as legal ambiguities, administrative stagnation, and corruption within law enforcement entities. This study highlights the importance of implementing comprehensive legal reforms and strong policies to improve the effectiveness of anti-corruption measures in Indonesia. Guidelines are given to promote future anti-corruption efforts by improving the legislative framework, increasing institutional capability, and cultivating political backing.

Identifying Evidentiary Checkpoints and Strategies to Support Successful Acquittals for Women who Kill an Abusive Partner During a Violent Confrontation

This study examined 32 Australian cases of women prosecuted for killing their abusive male partners in self-defence between 2010 and 2023. The objective was to track the legal pathways and identify salient factors influencing both acquittals and convictions. While most women received a manslaughter conviction by pleading guilty, nearly all cases that proceeded to trial resulted in no conviction. Key findings include: the utility of partial defences as a safety net for self-defence; evidence of overcharging; the identification of “evidentiary checkpoints” at trial to downgrade or withdraw murder charges; a checklist for legal counsel advising clients on the risks of trial; the advantage of private legal counsel in successful self-defence claims; and the systemic disadvantage of Indigenous women, highlighting the need for continued research. These findings underscore the intricate dynamics within the legal system when addressing cases of intimate partner violence, emphasising the need for comprehensive reforms and support structures.

How is Educational Equity Possible: The Evolutionary Logic of Compulsory Education Enrollment Policies from the Perspective of Historical Institutionalism

The enrollment policy for compulsory education concerns the right of school-age children and adolescents to receive equal education, as well as the realization of educational equity. Based on the analytical framework of historical institutionalism, this paper examines the evolutionary logic of the enrollment policy for compulsory education. Since the founding of New China, China's enrollment policy for compulsory education has undergone four periods: efficiency priority, balancing efficiency and fairness, emphasizing fairness, and implementing fairness, reflecting a shift in policy value orientation from efficiency to fairness. Economic system reform, uneven regional development, and the concept of educational equity are the underlying structural factors influencing policy changes. Rational choices made by actors such as the government, schools, and parents have led to path dependence in policy changes. Reform and opening up, initial education reform, and comprehensive reform in the field of education have become three critical junctures in promoting policy changes. We should always adhere to educational equity as the policy value goal, seek to break through path dependence at critical junctures, and focus on the coordination of multiple subjects in the gradual development of policies, in order to better achieve educational equity.

Tragedi Pelanggaran HAM di Masa Orde Baru: Pencarian Keadilan dan Keterbukaan

The purpose of this article is to explore the impact of human rights violations during the New Order period in Indonesia on the process of seeking justice. Through a qualitative research approach in the form of literature studies and content analysis, it is used to identify patterns of practices that inhibit openness in the Indonesian legal system. The results of the study highlight the importance of comprehensive legal reform to remedy this dark past, as well as to create a fairer and more transparent legal system for all citizens. The implication of this study is the need for concrete actions to strengthen independent and transparent law enforcement agencies and ensure that past human rights violations are prosecuted fairly. Thus, this article emphasizes the urgency to achieve greater justice in the Indonesian legal system.

Exploring Legal and Technical Challenges of Deep Fakes in India

The rapid advancement of deep fake technology has introduced significant challenges in the realms of data security, privacy, and intellectual property rights. Deep fakes, which involve the creation of highly realistic but manipulated digital content using artificial intelligence, have been misused for various malicious purposes, including political manipulation, identity theft, and defamation. This article examines the current state of deep fake regulation in India, highlighting the inadequacies of existing laws and the urgent need for specific legislation to address these issues. Despite the presence of broader laws under the Information Technology Act and the Indian Penal Code, there is a conspicuous absence of precise legal frameworks targeting the unique threats posed by deep fakes. Through an interdisciplinary approach that integrates legal analysis and technical insights, this study evaluates the effectiveness of current detection technologies and explores their limitations. The article also provides case studies illustrating the misuse of deep fakes in political and personal contexts, underscoring the real-world impact of this technology. In conclusion, the study advocates for comprehensive legal reforms and enhanced technological measures to mitigate the risks associated with deep fakes. By proposing targeted amendments to existing laws and recommending the development of advanced detection tools, this research aims to contribute to a more robust and effective regulatory environment for deep fakes in India.