Comprehensive Profit Research Articles

An integrated group decision support framework utilizing Pythagorean fuzzy DEMATEL–CoCoSo approach for medicine cold chain logistics provider selection

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to establish a synthetic group decision framework based on the Pythagorean fuzzy (PF) set to select the optimal medicine cold chain logistics provider (MCCLP). Fierce market competition makes enterprises must constantly improve every link in the process of enterprise sustainable development. The evaluation of MCCLP in pharmaceutical enterprises is an important link to enhance the comprehensive competitiveness. Because of the fuzziness of expert cognition and the complexity of the decision procedure, PF set can effectively handle the uncertainty and ambiguity in the process of multi-criteria group decision decision-making (MCGDM).Design/methodology/approachThis paper develops an integrated group decision framework through combining the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) technique and combined compromise solution (CoCoSo) approach to select a satisfactory MCCLP within PF circumstances. First, the PF set is used to process the ambiguity and uncertainty of the cognition ability of experts. Second, a novel PF knowledge measure is propounded to measure the vagueness of the PF set. Third, a comprehensive criterion weight determination technique is developed through aggregating subjective weights attained utilizing the PF DEMATEL approach and objective weight deduced by knowledge measure method. Furthermore, an integrated MCGDM approach based on synthetic weight and CoCoSo method is constructed.FindingsThe outcomes of sensibility analysis and comparison investigation show that the suggested decision framework can help decision experts to choose a satisfactory MCCLP scientifically and reasonably. Accordingly, the propounded comprehensive decision framework can be recommended to enterprises and organizations to assess the MCCLP for their improvement of core competitiveness.Originality/valueMCCLP selection is not only momentous for pharmaceutical enterprises to improve transportation quality and ensure medicine safety but also provides a strong guarantee for enterprises to improve their core competitiveness. Nevertheless, enterprises face certain challenges due to the uncertainty of the assessment environment as well as human cognition in the process of choosing a satisfactory MCCLP. PF set possesses a formidable capability to address the uncertainty and imprecision information in the process of MCGDM. Therefore, pharmaceutical enterprises can implement the proposed method to evaluate the suppliers to further improve the comprehensive profit of enterprises.

Relevansi Nilai Kepentingan Non Pengendali dalam Laporan Keuangan Konsolidasi: Bagaimana Pasar Bereaksi dan Kemampuannya dalam Memprediksi Laba dan Dividen?

Objectives: This study investigates alterations in the presentation of consolidated financial statements concerning profit and equity information associated with non-controlling interests. The primary aim is to establish the significance of attributing value to non-controlling interests and assess the necessity of providing such attribution? Design/method/approach: The research adopts a methodology that verifies the relevance of attributive value by examining the impact of profits and equity attributable to non-controlling interests on stock returns, t+1 comprehensive income, and t+1 dividends. The analysis is conducted using data from 504 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) over the period 2015 to 2021, totaling 3,528 observation data points.Results/findings: The results indicate that net profit, comprehensive profit, and equity attributable to non-controlling interests exhibit value relevance. These findings are substantiated by their significant influence on stock returns, t+1 dividends, and t+1 comprehensive income. Theoretical contribution: This study contributes to the literature by affirming that profit and equity attribution policies possess value relevance. Despite the extended nature of consolidated financial statements, they do not pose difficulties for users in interpretation; instead, they enhance clarity regarding the distribution of profits and equity among different types of owners. Presenting non-controlling interests in a manner that reflects care, transparency, and fairness of information caters to the needs of minority owners. Practical contribution: The study suggests that potential investors with minor shareholdings can predict investment returns more accurately by considering attributable profits and equity rather than aggregate figures.Limitations: This study does not directly examine the impact of profits attributable to non-controlling interests on dividends received by shareholders with non-controlling interests

Supply Chain Analysis of Raw Materials for the Seaweed Industry (Eucheuma cottonii) in the PT. Bantimurung Indah area

Seaweed stands out as a significant mariculture commodity with substantial economic potential, contributing to the advancement of the national economy. The supply chain represents the seamless integration of company activities, collaboratively producing semi-finished to finished products and facilitating their delivery to end consumers. This study utilizes research interviews to gather data, following the systematic stages of seaweed supply chain analysis. The primary objective of this research is to gain insights into the operational mechanisms and efficiency of the seaweed supply chain within PT. Bantimurung Indah. The key components of this supply chain include seaweed farmers, suppliers, retailers, and seaweed exporters, collectively referred to as seaweed suppliers. Notably, seaweed farmers, suppliers, retailers, and exporters form the main circuit, consolidated under the umbrella term “seaweed suppliers.” The calculated total marketing margin for seaweed amounts to IDR 5,900 per kg, with a comprehensive profit of IDR 3,650 per kg and total costs of IDR 2,250 per kg. The percentage of the price received by farmers (farmer share) is 70.5%. The seaweed supply chain in the PT. Bantimurung Indah attains classification as efficient, given that the FS percentage exceeds 70%.

ANALISIS STATISTIK REGRESI RETURN ON ASSETS PERUSAHAAN INVESTASI DI INDONESIA

This study aims to analyze the debt to asset ratio, public share ownership and company size to the return on assets of investment companies in Indonesia. The data sample used in this study is a comprehensive profit report on (8) eight investment companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Data analysis using regression statistics. The results of the study explained that the debt to asset ratio and public share ownership have proven to have a positive and significant effect on return on assets. The size of the company does not have a significant effect on the return on assets.

Assessing the internal factor affecting the bank profitability in Indonesia: Case of dual banking system

Purpose – In an uncertain economic condition, maintaining companies’ profitability is essential. This study aims to analyze and assess the factors that affect bank profitability by focusing on internal factors such as capital, size, asset quality, and liquidity risk. This study also observed the effect of Islamic and conventional banking in Indonesia with a comprehensive profitability analysis as measured by ROA, ROE, and NIM/NOM.Methodology – The method used in this research was panel data regression. The data studied were derived from the quarterly reports of Islamic and conventional banking in Indonesia for five years, from 2016 to 2020.Findings – The results showed that conventional banking in Indonesia had a higher level of profitability than Islamic banking. The profitability of conventional banks is significantly influenced by the level of equity, size, CKPN, and LDR. On the other hand, Islamic banking in Indonesia generally has a lower level of profitability, but in terms of individual performance, the value was not inferior to conventional banking. Variables that significantly influence the profitability of Islamic banking included equity, CKPN, and FDR.Implication – Banks in Indonesia must improve their performance so that the development of asset size can be in line with the level of profitability generated, maintain asset quality so that the health of the bank is maintained, and has proportional equity and LDR/FDR value.Originality – This research used three profitability ratios: ROA, ROE, and NIM/NOM, and analyzed Islamic and conventional banking, considering that Indonesia has a dual banking system, so the analysis carried out was more comprehensive.

Profit model for electric vehicle rental service: Sensitive analysis and differential pricing strategy

Electric vehicle rental service is an effective operation mode to promote the application of EVs in terms of the energy conservation and the environmental protection for urban governance. The pricing scheme of EV rental service is one of the most important issues that affect the development trend of the industry. In this paper, a comprehensive profit model of EV rental service is constructed based on time-based subscription pricing. The profit model consists of multiple factors, including the average frequency of EV utilization, correlation coefficients between EV's driving distance and its contribution to maintenance and battery charging costs, EV's grade level and maximum possible arrival rate of customers, etc. Sensitive analysis is conducted based on Design of Experiment method, to comprehensively analyze the influence of each factor on profit and extract the key factors, which have the highest impacts on profit. Finally, based on the sensitive analysis result, differential pricing strategy is proposed to boost lessors' profit and increase customers' satisfactory level simultaneously. The results show that differential pricing strategy can at most increase the optimal profit by 19.88% compared to the time-based subscription pricing.

Modification of Profitability Measures with Comprehensive Income and Reclassification of Other Comprehensive Income as a Mediation of Effects Asset Utilization on Firm Value

This study modifies financial performance measures by developing a comprehensive income-based measure as the impact of applying fair value accounting and the concept of all-inclusive income, which has an effect on changing the income statement format, and testing its mediating role on the effect of asset utilization on firm value, data from 504 companies on the IDX period 2016 – 2020. The results show that financial performance based on comprehensive income mediates asset utilization on firm value if it only contains net income and other comprehensive income for the group to be reclassified. The net income version of ROA ROE is suitable for evaluating the performance of operating activities, while the comprehensive income version is suitable for evaluating the overall asset utilization performance from the results of revenues that have been realized and have not been realized. Novelty or originality: (1) developing comprehensive profit-based profitability and (2) mediating comprehensive profitability on the effect of asset utilization on firm value.JEL: E64, G32

Operation Strategy of Electricity Retailers Based on Energy Storage System to Improve Comprehensive Profitability in China’s Electricity Spot Market

Due to the development of China’s electricity spot market, the peak-shifting operation modes of energy storage devices (ESD) are not able to adapt to real-time fluctuating electricity prices. The settlement mode of the spot market aggravates the negative impact of deviation assessments on the cost of electricity retailers. This article introduces the settlement rules of China’s power spot market. According to the electricity cost settlement process and the assessment methods, this paper proposes a comprehensive electricity cost optimization algorithm that optimizes day-ahead market (DA) electricity cost, real-time market (RT) electricity cost and deviation assessment through ESD control. According to the trial electricity price data of the power trading center in Guangdong province (China), many typical load curves and different deviation assessment policies, the algorithm calculates DA electricity cost, RT electricity cost and deviation assessment cost by utilizing a comprehensive electricity cost optimization algorithm. Compared with the original electricity cost and optimization cost, this method is proven to effectively save overall electricity costs under the spot market settlement system. Based on three different initial investment prices of ESD, this paper analyzes the economics of the ESD system and proves that ESD investment can be recovered within 5 years. Considering the small amounts of operating data in China’s power spot market, the algorithm generates random data according to characteristics of these data. Then, this paper verifies that the comprehensive electricity cost optimization algorithm remains reliable under random circumstances.

Quantitative Analysis of the Profitability of China’s Commercial Banks Based on Factor Analysis

The profitability of a commercial bank is an important factor to measure its comprehensive development level. Taking the 2019 annual data of China’s 16 listed commercial banks as a research sample, the factor analysis method is used to empirically analyze the profitability of each bank, extract four public factors, and calculate the comprehensive score of each bank’s profitability. The research results show that the non-performing loan ratio and risk of joint-stock banks are higher, and the capital adequacy ratio is lower. The comprehensive profitability and anti-risk ability of state-owned banks are better than joint-stock banks, and their finances are more stable. This suggests that commercial banks should strengthen their risk control while increasing their profit margins.

Study of Economic Reality on Foreign Exchange Accounting

This study tested the gap between foreign exchange accounting treatment and the underlying economic reality, by comparing the regression model between U.S. Companies and Indonesian Companies in one particular economic period. A total sample of 139 companies, consisting of 60 companies with rupiah functional currency domiciled in Indonesia and 79 companies with dollar functional currency domiciled in the United States. The simple regression variable used is comprehensive profit as a dependent variable and foreign exchange gain and loss as an independent variable. Hypothetical conclusions are carried out by testing regression patterns on the underlying economic circumstances. The results of the statsitik regression corssection test showed significant value indicating the influence between variables on a number of companies that have a uniform pattern, conclusions are strengthened by considering the economic situation in the data retrieval situation using criteria such as currency exchange rate, GDP, trade balance and others on each country, while insignificant influence indicates the opposite. Based on the test results and economic analysis shows the results of regression that signfikan in each region with economic conditions that support fluctuations in exchange rate changes in each region. So it is concluded that there is no difference between the treatment of foreign exchange accounting and the underlying economic reality.

Multi-Objective Coordinated Optimal Allocation of DG and EVCSs Based on the V2G Mode

With the vigorous promotion of new energy sources and the development of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology, the influence of the V2G mode should be considered in the joint optimal allocation of Distributed Generation (DG) and electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs). The timing characteristics of the intermittent output of DG, conventional demand for load, and charging load of the electric vehicle (EV) are considered, as is its participation in grid interaction to examine the construction of typical scenarios and the EV cluster dispatching strategy. From the perspective of comprehensively planning the coordination of the distribution network, a DG-EVCSs bi-level joint planning model is established under the peak and valley price mechanism, with the sub-objectives of obtaining a comprehensive profit and high quality of voltage, curbing system load fluctuations, and satisfactorily charging the EV. An improved harmony particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the bi-level model. The proposed method was tested on the IEEE-33 and the PG&E-69 (Pacific Gas and Electric Company) bus distribution systems, and the results show that the optimized configuration model that considers the V2G mode can improve the overall performance of the planning scheme, promote the use of clean energy, smoothen the load fluctuations of the system, and improve the quality of voltage and charging satisfaction of EV users.

Economic model predictive control for transport-reaction systems with target profiles

For transport-reaction processes with certain general cost functions indicating comprehensive profit, the existing linear–quadratic optimal control or model predictive control (MPC) methods may be conservative. Due to their spatial characteristics, dynamic evolutions and final target static spatial distributions under different control strategies may result in remarkable variation of operation performance. This article presents a novel economic model predictive control (EMPC) synthesis for systems described by hyperbolic/parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs) with pre-optimized static spatially distributed profile, from both convergence and performance points of view. Instead of deriving approximate ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and applying finite-dimensional control strategies, this work addresses the optimization and stabilization problem on the basis of infinite dimensional model itself, which is realized by Cayley–Tustin (CT) transformation without any type of spatial approximation. The accumulated economic cost, input/output constraints are explicitly considered in the finite horizon optimal control problem (FHOCP), with an additional energy-like contractive constraint accounting for closed-loop convergence toward the target optimal steady-state profile. By directly solving Lyapunov functions associated with PDEs models, the parameters in the FHOCP are suitably defined such that the composite EMPC system admits algorithm feasibility and closed-loop stability. Finally, the proposed method is applied to typical examples; numerical results indicates the effectiveness and remarkable performance improvement of the EMPC method compared to standard MPC results.

Profit Optimization for Multiuser Video Transmission over Mobile Networks

With the increasing demand for high quality mobile video, how to receive higher quality video through mobile network with lower payment is a becoming an emerging problem. Existing approaches for Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) face tremendous challenges when applying to video streaming in devices with different resolutions. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive profit optimization model with consideration of the cost of Content Provider, traffic payment, QoE factors and the relationship between device resolution and video quality. For ensuring the optimal profit of Content Provider and End Users at same time, we formulate both of their profit as a hybrid-objective optimization model. By solving the model, the optimum bitrates and the resulting profit can be obtained through our proposed algorithm. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method increases the average profit of End Users in 10%-15% compared with existing approaches.

Towards Optimal Planning of EV Charging Stations under Grid Constraints

At present, the public charging network can not fully satisfy the charging demands of electric vehicles (EVs), which hinders the further development of EVs. In fact, as the key roles of charging service market, the operators need to plan charging stations properly to improve the profit while ensuring qualified charging service. Meanwhile, as the power supplier, the grid requires the charging stations to be deployed properly to lower the generation cost while ensuring safe and stable grid operation. This paper aims to plan the EV charging station (CS) network to improve the comprehensive profit by taking both the operator and the grid into consideration. Firstly, the Voronoi diagram method is used to divide the area to be planned based on the candidate set. Then, a mathematical profit maximization model with electric physical constraints is designed to distribute appropriate capacities for each candidate EV CS locations. The generalized Benders decomposition algorithm is applied to obtain the optimal solution. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm based on a case study which consists of a 56-node distribution system and Xiamen traffic network system.

Profit-aware application placement for integrated Fog–Cloud computing environments

The marketplace for Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled smart systems is rapidly expanding. The integration of Fog and Cloud paradigm aims at harnessing both edge device and remote datacentre-based computing resources to meet Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of these smart systems. Due to lack of instance pricing and revenue maximizing techniques, it becomes difficult for service providers to make comprehensive profit from such integration. This problem further intensifies when associated expenses and allowances are charged from the revenue. Conversely, the rigid revenue maximizing intention of providers affects user’s budget and system’s service quality. To address these issues, we propose a profit-aware application placement policy for integrated Fog–Cloud environments. It is formulated using constraint Integer Linear Programming model that simultaneously enhances profit and ensures QoS during application placement on computing instances. Furthermore, it provides compensation to users for any violation of Service Level Agreement (SLA) and sets the price of instances according to their ability of reducing service delivery time. The performance of proposed policy is evaluated in a simulated Fog–Cloud environment using iFogSim and the results demonstrate that it outperforms other placement policies in concurrently increasing provider’s profit and user’s QoS satisfaction rate.

Comparative Study on the Discrete Model and the Improved Embedded Model of Cooling Water Pipe

Lianghu pump station of a large-scale water conservancy project under construction is characterized by complex structure, large scale and large size of solid body pouring block, while the previous discrete model of cooling water pipe is difficult to be successfully arranged in the concrete grid and requires a large amount of computation. In this paper, the improved embedded model of cooling water pipe, which considers the change of the water temperature in the cooling water pipe, is adopted to simulate the temperature control of the large pump station during the construction period. The results show that, with the help of the measured data, although the error rate of the improved embedded model of cooling water pipe at the highest temperature is 5% higher than that of the discrete model, the calculation efficiency is increased by about 40% in comparison with the discrete model. The comprehensive profit is improved by nearly 35%. It is worth popularizing and applying in the simulation calculation of temperature field of large pump station structure during construction period. Finally, the results of the two pipe models are compared and the relevant suggestions are given.

Inventory Management Practices and Organization Performance of Steel Industries in Nairobi County, Kenya

Industries are key to many economies they are used as a proxy for country’s economic growth and development. The steel industry constitutes about 15% of the aggregate production by manufacturing firms hence it plays a key role in the performance of a country’s GDP and many are forecasting that its demand will continue to rise due to various development activities the national government and private firms have embarked on towards realisation of the country’s vision 2030. Inventory management is critical in the aspects of organization performance within the context of steel industries therefore steel companies must check on their inventory management practices in order not to impact on their Organization performance. This is achievable through operation at absolute minimum stock out events with prompt response to market fluctuations while at the same time carrying minimal buffer stocks. The study sought to fill the existent literature gap in the area of inventory management and organization performance in the steel industry. Descriptive research design was used in the study. The target population for this study were employees in the, Quality, administration, sales and marketing, production departments of three steel companies in Nairobi County Kenya. The study employed both primary and secondary during the stages of data collection where questionnaires were administered through drop and pick method while secondary data was obtained from the firms published comprehensive profit and loss statement particularly the company’s sales. A sample size of 45 respondents was utilized. The pilot study was conducted using a pretest of the questioner using 10% of the respondents that is 5 respondents. The validity of the data collection instrument was examined during the pilot study using a set of experts in the area inventory management as well as the supervisors. The reliability of the data collection was examined through the use of the cronbach alpha coefficient of a threshold of 0.7 and above. The researcher used descriptive method as well as SPSS. V.23 to analyse data. The research established that there is a positive and significant correlation between Economic order quantity and organization performance of steel manufacturing companies in Nairobi County. The study also found a significant positive correlation between Material/Inventory control and organization performance. It also established an existence of a positive and significant correlation between quality control and organizational performance. However, the study found a negative correlation between Legislation and organization performance. The study concludes that organization performance among steel firms in Nairobi County is influenced by Economic order quantity, material/inventory control and quality control. The study therefore recommends that the stakeholders should consider these factors in order to improve the performance of steel manufacturing firms as well as developing policies to protect local steel manufacturing firms from stiff completion from firms in developed countries particularly from China and U.S.A.

A Coordinated Planning Method for Micrositing of Tidal Current Turbines and Collector System Optimization in Tidal Current Farms

This paper proposes a bilevel programming model for the planning of tidal current farms (TCFs). The micrositing strategy of tidal current turbines (TCTs) and the collector system planning scheme are coordinated to achieve a better balance of energy yields, TCF capital investment and power systems economic operation using the proposed method. The power output of the TCF is modeled considering the characteristics of tidal current velocity and wake effects. A coordinated planning model consisting of one upper level model and two lower level models is developed to maximize comprehensive profit. Not only the investment and maintenance costs of TCTs and submarine cables, but also the operation cost of the collector system and the impact of the TCF integration on the operation of power systems are all taken into account to ensure the long-term benefits of both TCF owners and power systems. An efficient solution for the proposed planning model is developed by combining a genetic algorithm with a mixed integer programming. The effectiveness and adaptability of the proposed method are demonstrated using the measured data of tidal current velocity with distinct characteristics and the IEEE 30- and 118-bus test systems.

WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT – EFFICIENT TOOL FOR SUCCESS OF MILK PRODUCERS: TRUE OR FALSE?

Working capital management can be considered as vital issue in financial decision-making processes in company. Consequently, it directly affects company’s success in the way of its profitability. Empirical evidence is provided on a sample of Croatian and Slovenian companies in the dairy processing industry. Univariate and multivariate analyses are used to test hypotheses about impact of working capital management components and cash conversion cycle on company’s profitability. Furthermore, differences in working capital management policies in condition of crisis and before crisis are examined. Our findings show that none of working capital management components significant affect profitability, measured by return on assets, while statistically significant relation exists between cash conversion cycle as working capital management comprehensive measure and profitability

Production Scheduling of Open Pit Metal Mine with Ecological Cost

The ecological costs related to the various optimized production schemes were calculated based on the designed ultimate pit. Moreover, the influence of the ecological costs on the selection of production schemes was discussed. In one designed pit, a series of geologically optimum pushbacks with sufficiently small increment were produced using the floating cone method founded on the principle of the highest metal content. Then all the pushbacks were reordered by the dynamic network diagram. The production scheme with the maximum NPV route was considered as the optimum one. The ecological impacts produced by mining were quantified and the ecological cost calculation models, which contain the direct eco-value loss, the indirect eco-value loss, the eco-restoration cost and the carbon emission cost were proposed. In one big open pit mine case, various production schemes were optimized and the one with maximum NPV was selected without taking into account the eco-costs. The scheme with the maximum comprehensive profit was obtained by calculating the eco-cost of each scheme. The results showed that the best scheme considered with the eco-cost was not the scheme with the maximum NPV. Therefore, the eco-cost presents the effect on the selection of the best production scheme.