Towards Optimal Planning of EV Charging Stations under Grid Constraints

Abstract

At present, the public charging network can not fully satisfy the charging demands of electric vehicles (EVs), which hinders the further development of EVs. In fact, as the key roles of charging service market, the operators need to plan charging stations properly to improve the profit while ensuring qualified charging service. Meanwhile, as the power supplier, the grid requires the charging stations to be deployed properly to lower the generation cost while ensuring safe and stable grid operation. This paper aims to plan the EV charging station (CS) network to improve the comprehensive profit by taking both the operator and the grid into consideration. Firstly, the Voronoi diagram method is used to divide the area to be planned based on the candidate set. Then, a mathematical profit maximization model with electric physical constraints is designed to distribute appropriate capacities for each candidate EV CS locations. The generalized Benders decomposition algorithm is applied to obtain the optimal solution. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm based on a case study which consists of a 56-node distribution system and Xiamen traffic network system.