Comprehensive Prevention Measures Research Articles

Characteristics and Sources of Volatile Organic Compounds （VOCs） in Luohe City During Summer

Luohe City is an important node city in the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration in China, where the atmospheric ozone （O3） pollution situation has been serious in recent years. In order to provide a scientific basis for O3 pollution control, the online filed observation of O3 precursor volatile organic compounds （VOCs） was carried out in Luohe City in July 2022 to understand their variation characteristics and sources. The mean ratio of φ（TVOCs） during the observation period was （16.49±5.73）×10-9. Among them, alkane （33.7%）, oxygenated volatile organic compounds OVOC （24.0%）, and halohydrocarbon （21.9%） accounted for the top three. The results from source apportionment showed that the main VOCs sources （contributions） included the natural gas （NG） use （20.1%）, regional transport （14.8%）, solvent use （14.2%）, gasoline vehicle emissions （12.3%）, industrial emissions （11.6%）, diesel vehicle emissions （10.5%）, liquefied petroleum gas （LPG） use （9.8%）, and plant emissions （6.7%）. OVOC contributed the most to ozone formation potential （OFP） and free radical loss rate （L·OH）. The results showed that the contribution of motor vehicle exhaust （>22.8%） was the primary source of VOCs in Luohe City. However, other sources were complex and with comparable contributions, requiring the development of targeted and comprehensive prevention and control measures.

The Effect of Multifaceted Anastomotic Leakage Prevention via ICG and SST for Lower Rectal Anastomosis.

In rectal cancer surgery, anastomotic leakage (AL) is the most important complication and has a reported frequency of 11-15%. The causes of AL leakage are complex, and AL prevention should be performed in multiple directions. Thus, this study examined the usefulness of the comprehensive and multifaceted AL preventive measures. In total, 164 rectal surgery patients who had low rectal staple anastomosis below the peritoneal reflection were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups: (i) the multifaceted AL prevention group (MP group, n=34) and (ii) the insufficient AL prevention group (IP group, n=130). Multifaceted AL prevention was defined as intestinal blood flow evaluated via indocyanine green (ICG)-fluorescence imaging (FI), the use of a single-staple technique (SST) without intersecting stapling lines or "dog ears", the use of transanal suture reinforcement according to the air leakage test, and the use of a transanal tube for anatomical decompression and a diverting stoma for diverting the fecal stream. The AL rates were retrospectively compared between the two groups. The data are expressed as the median and interquartile range. The rate of AL was significantly lower in the MP group (0%) than in the IP group (11.54%) (p=0.0423). Multifaceted AL prevention, including ICG-FI and SST, achieved a zero incidence of AL. Multifaceted prevention significantly lessened AL more than inadequate prevention did. Therefore, if the weight of each preventive measure cannot be clearly identified, to avoid AL, it is important to take all preventive measures from multiple aspects.

Trends in diabetes morbi-mortality and its association with abdominal obesity among Tunisian adults

Abstract Introduction Tunisia is undergoing rapid nutritional transition, with increasing rates of abdominal obesity. Coupled with rising diabetes prevalence, it poses significant challenges to public health. This study aimed to estimate the morbi-mortality prevalence and trends of diabetes among Tunisian adults, particularly examining its association with abdominal obesity. Methods We conducted a secondary data analysis on adults aged 35 to 70 from three national surveys in Tunisia, in 1996 (n = 3513), 2005 (n = 7700), and 2016 (n = 6007) respectively. Mortality data was sourced from the Tunisian National Information System on Causes of Death in 2020. The underlying cause of death was determined using the IRIS software, following WHO guidelines for tabulating mortality statistics. Diabetes was defined according to the American Association of Diabetes criteria. Abdominal obesity was defined as a waist-to-height ratio ≥ 0.6. We performed chi-squared test for trend analysis. Results A total of 17220 participants were analyzed. We found a significant upwards trend in diabetes prevalence (p < 10-3): it increased from 13.1%[11.9-14.3] in 1996 to 15.1% [12.5-17.4] in 2005, then to 20.5%[18.9-22.1] in 2016. Linear trend test concluded to significant increase in diabetes prevalence estimated at 56.6% in two decades. Diabetes was significantly associated with abdominal obesity (Odds ratio (OR)=2.17[2.11-2.21]). Diabetes was the leading cause of death among Tunisian adults in 2020 (n = 22715). The proportional mortality due to diabetes was estimated at 6.2% (n = 1407) (6.4% for men and 6% for women). The age group with the highest proportional mortality due to diabetes was 65-70 years old (44.6%). Conclusions Our findings highlight the burden of diabetes on public health in Tunisia and its association with abdominal obesity. Hence the urgency to strengthen comprehensive preventive and control measures to alleviate its repercussions among the Tunisian population. Key messages • The prevalence of diabetes increased significantly amongTunisian adults in the past two decades. • Immediate implementation of targeted interventions and policy measures is imperative to effectively address this issue.

Correlation of Chronic Cervico-Cranio-Mandibular Pain in Individuals with Adverse Childhood Events: An Observational Study.

This cross-sectional observational study examines the relationship between chronic cervico-cranio-mandibular pain, a significant health concern associated with temporomandibular disorders, and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Given the high prevalence of cervical pain and the gap in adequate treatment for temporomandibular disorders, this research highlights the interplay between psychological, social factors, and musculoskeletal health. The study, conducted from January to June 2023, included 114 participants (mean age = 31 ± 12 years, 69.3% female) experiencing chronic cervico-cranio-mandibular pain. Pain severity and dysfunction were assessed, and exposure to ACEs was measured using validated questionnaires. Statistical analysis, performed using Jamovi (v 2.23.28) software. Data revealed a significant correlation between the number of ACEs and both pain intensity (r = 0.254, p = 0.006, η2 = 0.062) and disability (r = 0.262, p = 0.005, η2 = 0.068). However, no significant association was found between ACEs and mandibular functional limitation (p = 0.222). These findings suggest that while early life stressors impact overall health, their specific influence on cervico-cranio-mandibular pain is limited. The study emphasizes the importance of integrated early intervention strategies to mitigate the long-term musculoskeletal repercussions of adverse events, advocating for comprehensive mental health support and preventive measures. This research contributes valuable insights into the necessity of a multifaceted approach to understanding, diagnosing, and treating musculoskeletal disorders, highlighting the complexity of their causes and effects.

Characteristics of Coal Spontaneous Combustion Induced by Air Leakage in the Goaf of Shallow Buried Close-Distance Coalbed

ABSTRACT This study investigates the air leakage patterns and coal spontaneous combustion prevention in shallow-buried close-distance coalbed goafs during opposite mining, using the 2201 and 2206 working faces of Shaozhai coal mine as a case study. Through theoretical analysis, in-situ testing, and numerical simulation, we examine air leakage relationships in opposite working face goafs of shallow-buried close-distance coalbeds. We identify coal spontaneous combustion risk areas in single and composite goafs with a 100 m reverse spacing. Our results indicate that the mining method significantly affects air leakage patterns in the 2201 and 2206 working faces under opposite close-distance arrangement, with increased air leakage in composite goafs elevating coal oxidation risk. As working faces advance, air leakage channels in coal pillars increase, leading to mutual influence between the composite goafs of the 2201 and 2206 working faces. We delineate specific spontaneous combustion risk areas for both working faces and observe intensified air leakage in coal pillars between composite goafs within 100 m of opposite mining spacing. Based on these findings, we propose comprehensive prevention and control measures, including bundle tube monitoring, air leakage plugging, and inerting techniques. This study provides valuable insights for preventing and controlling coal spontaneous combustion in composite goafs of shallow-buried close-distance coalbeds.

Влияние чрескожного коронарного вмешательства на функцию почек у больных ИБС

To investigate the impact of PCI on renal function in IHD patients and identify risk factors for CIN development. Background. Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a common complication among patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Understanding the pathogenesis, risk factors, and preventive measures of CIN is essential for reducing morbidity and mortality. Materials and methods. An analysis was conducted on patients with IHD who underwent PCI with contrast media administration. Renal function indicators, including serum creatinine levels and glomerular filtration rate, were assessed pre- and post-procedure. Clinical manifestations, CIN incidence, and associated risk factors were evaluated. Results.The incidence of CIN varied based on baseline renal function and comorbidities. Key risk factors included elevated baseline serum creatinine, diabetes mellitus, and advanced age. Hydration therapy was effective in reducing the incidence of nephropathy. Conclusion. PCI increases the risk of CIN in IHD patients, particularly in those with predisposing risk factors. Comprehensive renal function assessment and preventive measures are recommended prior to the procedure to minimize risk.

Rabies situation in the Moscow Oblast in 2011–2023 and the role of oral vaccination of wild carnivores against rabies

Rabies is a zoonotic viral disease of all warm-blooded animals caused by a neurotropic virus, member of the Lyssavirus genus of the Rhabdoviridae family. About 59,000 people die from hydrophobia globally every year. According to the World Health Organization, the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and the common raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) are the main reservoirs and vectors among carnivores of the rabies virus in Europe. The paper describes animal rabies situation in 2011–2023 and the role of oral vaccination of wild carnivores against rabies in the Moscow Oblast. The region is a part of the Central Federal District and located in the center of the Russian plain bordering seven Oblasts (Tver, Smolensk, Kaluga, Tula, Ryazan, Vladimir and Yaroslavl Oblasts), which are also rabies infected. Notwithstanding the metropolis growth, the number of wild carnivores in the Moscow Oblast remains high. Comprehensive preventive measures to control the population of the wild carnivores are taken to stabilize the rabies situation and decrease the incidence, innovative achievements in laboratory diagnosis are introduced, population immunity of wild carnivores by oral vaccination is improved and the epidemic situation in neighboring regions is analyzed. In 2017 the systemic, consistent and thoroughly organized campaign was started – the oral vaccines were distributed by light aircrafts. The research revealed the correlation between the decrease in annual number of reported rabies cases and increase in the amounts of oral vaccines distributed. The use of controlling devices (camera traps) confirmed that oral rabies vaccines are consumed by the target animals (red foxes). The onward systemic, methodical approach to rabies prevention will mitigate the risks of rabies occurrence in the Moscow Oblast.

'Sleeping with the enemy': a cross-sectional study on psychological and emotional violence among couples living in Portugal during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study aimed to evaluate psychological and emotional violence in relation with sociodemographic characteristics and anxiety and depression symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in a sample of Portuguese residents. A cross-sectional online study using snowball sampling collected data on demographics, socioeconomic factors, mental health (anxiety and depression symptoms) and couple psychological and emotional violence. The study spanned three months and included 519 individuals aged 18 or above in a relationship since January 2020 or earlier. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, t-tests, chi-squared tests, logistic regression models (Odds-Ratio [OR] and 95% Confident Interval [CI]), and cluster analysis (K-medoids) using R software (significance threshold of 0.05). The sample was predominantly composed of women (78.8%) with an average age of 36.8years and 79% holding higher education degrees. Two clusters emerged: Cluster 1 (n=420) presented fewer psychological and emotional violence victims, while Cluster 2 (n=99) presented more. Older age (OR=1.026, 95%CI 1.000-1.052) and depression symptoms (OR=1.163, 95%CI 1.080-1.252) increased the likelihood of psychological and emotional abuse. Men also had 2.87 times higher odds of being victims (95%CI 0.203-0.599). The study underscores the need for comprehensive interventions and prevention measures to address psychological and emotional violence by acknowledging it as a public health concern and pushing for interdisciplinary methods.

Integrating Nursing Practice and Policy in Opioid Overdose Prevention: Analysis of the Opioid-Overdose Reduction Continuum of Care Approach Practice Guide.

To present a comprehensive analysis of the Opioid-Overdose Reduction Continuum of Care Approach (ORCCA) Practice Guide 2023, evaluating its alignment with Russell and Fawcett's conceptual model of nursing and health policy and highlighting the implications for nursing practice and policy. This paper employs a policy analysis framework to evaluate the ORCCA Practice Guide, using Russell and Fawcett's conceptual model as a lens to assess the policy's structure and implementation. The analysis is framed by Russell and Fawcett's conceptual model, focusing on the dimensions of efficacy, effectiveness, equity and justice. This framework assesses how well the ORCCA's strategies align with these dimensions in the context of nursing and health policy. Key findings indicate that the ORCCA's strategies are integral to nursing practice, particularly in frontline interventions such as education, naloxone distribution and Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) delivery. The integration of these strategies demonstrates a significant impact on the opioid crisis, enhancing the roles nurses play in opioid overdose prevention. The ORCCA Practice Guide represents a multifaceted approach to addressing the opioid crisis, with strong alignment to the conceptual model used for analysis. It underscores the essential role of nurses in implementing and refining opioid overdose reduction strategies. The study highlights the critical need for nursing involvement in policy formation and practice implementation, suggesting that nurses are key to advancing comprehensive opioid overdose prevention measures. This study addresses the problem of opioid overdoses and the need for effective interventions. The main findings show the importance of nurse-driven strategies in opioid crisis management. The research impacts public health policy and practice, particularly influencing how nursing approaches are integrated into overall health strategies for overdose prevention. No patients, caregivers, or members of the public were involved in conducting this analysis.

Challenges and strategies in the preservation of historical and audiovisual archives

The conservation of historical and audiovisual archives is essential for preserving cultural heritage, collective memory, and national identity. These archives—comprising documents, photographs, films, videos, and other materials—serve as critical records of historical events, cultural traditions, and social practices. However, preserving such materials is fraught with challenges, including physical and chemical degradation caused by factors like humidity, temperature, light, and improper handling. Moreover, technological obsolescence poses a significant risk to digital media. To address these issues, conservation efforts must include both the restoration of damaged materials and preventive measures to mitigate future deterioration. This involves not only restoring old photographs and repairing films but also digitizing documents and creating controlled storage environments. Digital conservation, including the migration of obsolete formats to current technologies, is crucial for the longevity of audiovisual materials. Studies highlight various challenges faced in audiovisual preservation. Rasaki et al. (2023) identified obstacles such as technological obsolescence, inadequate storage conditions, lack of funding, insufficient management commitment, and a shortage of trained personnel in a Nigerian university library. Muhammad (2019) further pointed out systemic issues, including the absence of a national preservation policy and undervaluation of audiovisual materials. Evens and Hauttekeete (2011) discussed challenges in digital preservation, noting that underdeveloped policies leave archives vulnerable to deterioration and technological obsolescence. Baker (2021) documented a significant upgrade at the University of Kansas Libraries, showcasing the expansion of conservation facilities and the creation of specialized spaces for audiovisual preservation. Effective preservation requires a collective effort that includes governments, cultural institutions, and public education. Comprehensive preventive measures—such as managing environmental conditions, regulating light exposure, and protecting collections from pollutants and threats—are essential to ensure the accessibility and preservation of valuable cultural heritage for future generations.

Analyzing the Prevalence and Patterns of Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogens Causing Surgical Site Infections

Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) remain a critical healthcare challenge, contributing to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. SSIs represent the third most common nosocomial infection globally with an incidence of 19-20%, while their prevalence in Pakistan was significantly higher, ranging up to 33.6%. The emergence of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) organisms has worsened this issue. Objective: To determine the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens responsible for SSIs and analyze their antibiotic susceptibility patterns over the past decade. Methods: A systematic review was conducted adhering to PRISMA guidelines. Studies published between 2006 and 2023 were included. Data on the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms associated with SSIs were extracted and analyzed through several databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Sci-hub and Science Direct) using Boolean logic “AND” and “OR”, and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH Terms) and keywords. A total of 70 articles were retrieved from which 16 articles were considered eligible after applying detailed inclusion/exclusion criteria and removing the duplicates and irrelevant articles. Results: The study identified Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter spp. as predominant MDR pathogens. A significant increase in the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains was observed over the study period. Gram-negative bacteria exhibited a higher resistance rate (66.8%) compared to Gram-positive organisms (51.1%). Conclusions: The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens underscores the urgent need for comprehensive infection prevention and control measures to address the burden of SSIs. Targeted interventions, antimicrobial stewardship, and continued surveillance were essential to combat this growing challenge.

Critical measures for the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases in the workplace: a South African facilities management perspective

PurposeThis study aims to comprehensively examine the respiratory infection prevention and control measures used in South African workplaces, particularly in the context of facilities management (FM), during the 2020–2022 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThe present research involved pre-crafted semi-structured interviews conducted by University of the Witwatersrand students with FM heads in Johannesburg, South Africa. Recurrent themes were generated using NVIVO software and analysed using frequencies, word counts and word clouds.FindingsThis study identified 119 measures and placed these into two broad categories. Twelve critical measures were found. These measures were further validated by five FM experts, separate from FM heads, who cross-referenced them with WHO guidelines, enhancing the credibility of the findings. Subsequently, challenges with implementing these measures were explored.Practical implicationsThe findings have direct relevance to the work of FM professionals, as they suggest that applying timely and comprehensive infection prevention and control measures can help employees to safely continue to work or return to the workplace during any future epidemic outbreaks.Originality/valueThus far, limited studies have explored critical measures used to prevent and control COVID-19 in the workplaces of developing countries during the 2020–2022 pandemic.

Genome sequencing analysis and validation of infestation-related functional genes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus LG2206 isolated from the hepatopancreas of diseased mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) in South China

Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) is a major bacterial pathogen found in brackish environments, leading to disease outbreaks and great economic losses in the mud crab industry. This study investigated the molecular mechanism of V. parahaemolyticus infecting mud crabs through genome sequencing analysis, survival experiments, and the expression patterns of related functional genes. A strain of V. parahaemolyticus with high pathogenicity and lethality was isolated from diseased mud crab in South China. The genome sequencing results showed that the genome size of V. parahaemolyticus was a circular chromosome of 3,357,271 bp, with a GC content of 45 %, containing 2985 protein-coding genes, denoted as V. parahaemolyticus LG2206. Genome analysis data revealed that a total of 113 adherence coding genes were obtained, including 120 virulence factor coding genes, 37 type III secretion system (T3SS) coding genes, and 277 sequences of T3SS effectors. Survival experiments showed that the mortality was 20 % within 96 h in the 1 × 104 CFU/mL infection group, 90 % in the 3.2 × 105 CFU/mL treatment group, and 100 % in the 1 × 106 CFU/mL treatment group. The LD50 of V. parahaemolyticus LG2206 was determined as 4.6 × 104 CFU/mL. Six genes of znuA and fliD (flagellin encoding genes), yscE and yscR (T3SS encoding genes), and nfuA and htpX (virulence factor encoding genes) were selected and validated by quantitative real-time PCR analysis after infection with 4.6 × 104 CFU/mL of V. parahaemolyticus LG2206 for 96 h. The expression of the six genes exhibited a significant up-regulation trend at all tested time points. The results indicated that the infestation-related genes screened in the experiment play important roles in the infestation process. This study provides timely and effective information to further analyze the molecular mechanism of V. parahaemolyticus infection and develop comprehensive measures for disease prevention and control.

“Knowledge, attitude and reporting practices of ventilator-related errors among nursing professionals"

BackgroundVentilator-related errors (VREs) pose a critical concern for patient safety, necessitating a thorough understanding and mitigation strategies within healthcare settings. This study delves into the prevalence of VREs, while examining the nurse's knowledge of VREs and their reporting attitudes, and practices. Study designCross sectional analytical study. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on 129 nurses working in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a major tertiary care hospital located in the southern part of India. The study involved the administration of a Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) survey questionnaire. ResultsThe findings demonstrate a deficiency in the comprehension of VREs among ICU nurses, which subsequently affects their attitudes and reporting practices. Only a small percentage of nurses possess good knowledge (13.2 %), attitude (7 %), and reporting practices (5.4 %). Many nurses identified issues with ventilator performance, including component failure (17 %), design issues (14 %), and alarm problems (14 %). They also reported battery-related problems (9 %), lack of awareness of the instruction manual (7 %), software challenges (6 %), and wear and tear (6 %). A significant association between VRE knowledge and staff experience (p < 0.05) and attitude (P < 0.001) was found. Reporting practices are influenced by staff attitudes (moderate, P < 0.001; good, P < 0.001). ConclusionThis study highlights the significant impact of VRE on patient safety, emphasizing the urgent need for comprehensive understanding and effective preventative measures in healthcare settings.

A systematic review of the economic burden of colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the Western Hemisphere. It is the third most common cancer in men after prostate and lung cancers and the second most common cancer in women after breast cancer. According to some studies, the incidence and prevalence of colorectal cancer is increasing rapidly. In the present study, a systematic review of the articles related to the economic burden of colorectal cancer was carried out. The articles were taken from the following databases: SID, Medline/Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, NHS Economic Evaluation Database (EED), Econlit, and Google Scholar. Furthermore, the PICOTS model was used to select the inclusion criteria. The quality of the articles' methodologies was evaluated using Drummond's checklist. Then, some data were extracted from relevant articles, in terms of year, place of research, sample size, costing approach, type of measured costs, average direct medical costs, average direct nonmedical costs, and average indirect costs. The data from 37 studies dealing with the costs of patients with colorectal cancer were extracted. Most of the studies were conducted in the United States, and the social perspective was the most common perspective to measure the costs. According to the majority of the studies, direct medical costs were considered the greatest driver in causing the economic burden of colorectal cancer. The costs of hospitalization, medicine, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy accounted for the largest share of direct medical costs, and the costs of transportation, accommodation, and home care were the greatest share of direct nonmedical costs. Furthermore, the costs associated with disability, absenteeism, and premature death were identified as the main drivers of indirect costs. The findings of this study showed that colorectal cancer imposes great direct and indirect costs on families, the health system, and society. The best way to deal with this disease and, hence, to reduce its economic burden is to take comprehensive preventive measures and modify the lifestyle. In addition, health policymakers can limit the costs of this disease by expanding the screening program.

Penyebaran dan Dampak Cyberporn pada Aplikasi X: Tinjauan Hukum dan Pengaruh Sosial dalam Lingkungan Media Sosial

Cyberpornography, or cyberporn, is a form of digital crime that is increasingly widespread along with the rapid development of information and communication technology. This phenomenon not only damages people's morals, but also has significant negative impacts, such as vulnerability to sexual violence, psychological disorders and social instability. This article explores various aspects of cyberporn, including its definition, impact, and mitigation efforts. The research methods used include literature analysis and relevant case studies. The findings show that cyberporn impacts three main groups: individuals who are objects or models in pornographic content, the general public, and individuals who are driven to commit new crimes after consuming the content. Comprehensive preventive measures from authorities, social media platforms and society are needed to tackle this problem. Steps such as strengthening regulations, increasing supervision, public education, and international cooperation are considered essential to reduce the spread and negative impacts of cyberporn. It is hoped that this article can provide insight and contribute to the development of policies and law enforcement strategies that are more effective in dealing with cyberpornography.

Epidemiology and molecular characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis including a drug-resistant strain associated with mortality of Asian elephants in Nepal 2019–2022

Tuberculosis (TB) is an emerging threat to the survival of elephants in Nepal. We investigated the lung tissue samples from nine elephants that died from 2019 to 2022 in Nepal using culture, conventional PCR, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and then performed genotyping of five PCR-positive isolates to understand the possible transmission dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Results showed that two-thirds (6/9) of elephants were confirmed to be infected from Mtb by LAMP, 5/9 by PCR, and 4/9 by culture. Genotyping of Mtb isolates showed that elephants were infected with the Indo-Oceanic and Beijing lineages including an isoniazid-resistant Beijing lineage. MIRU-VNTR-based phylogeny, gyrA, and katG sequencing showed the possibility of ongoing transmission of Indo-Oceanic lineages and likely transmission of the drug-resistant Beijing lineage from human to elephant. Implementation of comprehensive surveillance and preventive measures are urgently needed to address this zoonotic disease and protect elephants from TB in Nepal.

Assessing the Quality and Reliability of Videos Related to Fibromyalgia on TikTok: A Comprehensive Analysis.

Introduction Fibromyalgia, characterized by chronic musculoskeletal pain and associated symptoms, poses significant challenges in diagnosis and management. While social media platforms like TikTok have emerged as popular sources of health information, their variable content quality necessitates critical evaluation. This study aimed to assess the quality and reliability of TikTok videos related to fibromyalgia, thereby enhancing the understanding of their impact on patient education and self-management. Methods A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in June 2024, which analyzed 150 TikTok videos using search terms like "Fibromyalgia", "Fibromyalgia Symptoms", and "Fibromyalgia Treatment". Videos were evaluated for inclusion based on relevance and language (English), by employing the Global Quality Scale (GQS) and Quality Criteria for Consumer Health Information (DISCERN) score for assessment. Statistical analysis was performed by using IBM SPSS Statistics v21.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). The Kruskall-Wallis test was employed, and a p-valueless than 0.05 was deemed statistically significant. Results Of the 150 videos initially reviewed, 96 (64%) met the inclusion criteria. Content categories included disease description (34, 35.42%), symptoms (81, 84.38%), management (64, 66.67%), and personal experiences (63, 65.63%). The videos were uploaded by doctors (8, 8.33%), patients (63, 65.63%), healthcare workers ( 7, 7.29%), and others (18, 18.75%). Mean GQS scores varied significantly by uploader type: doctors (4.63 ± 0.52), healthcare workers (3.43 ± 0.79), patients (2.37 ± 0.81), and others (2.11 ± 0.47) (p<0.001). DISCERN scores followed a similar trend: doctors (3.88 ± 0.64), healthcare workers (2.14 ± 1.46), patients (1.08 ± 0.27), and others (1.61 ± 0.50) (p<0.001). Conclusions TikTok serves as a pivotal platform for fibromyalgia-related discourse, predominantly shaped by patient-generated content. However, even though it provides insights into symptoms and management strategies, gaps exist in comprehensive medical guidance and preventive measures. The study underscores the critical role of healthcare professionals in enhancing content reliability and educational value on social media. Future research should explore cultural and linguistic diversity to broaden the accessibility and relevance of health information on platforms like TikTok.

RELIGION AND VIOLENCE: TERRORISM AS A GLOBAL ISSUE

This research aims to explore the phenomenon of terrorism and radicalism, as well as the factors underlying their spread. Using a qualitative approach, this research involved in-depth interviews with former members of terrorist groups, security practitioners, academics, and government officials. Ethnographic studies and content analyses of documents, social media, and propaganda materials were also conducted to understand the internal dynamics and communication strategies of terrorist groups. The results show that terrorist groups utilise social media and digital platforms to spread radical ideology and recruit new members through narratives that manipulate political, economic, and social issues. Preventing terrorism requires a comprehensive approach that involves international cooperation, education that emphasises human values and tolerance, and equitable economic development. Effective de-radicalisation programmes are also essential to help individuals affected by radical ideologies return to society. This research makes an important contribution in developing more effective prevention and counterterrorism strategies, by understanding the factors that drive terrorism and radicalism and identifying comprehensive prevention measures.

Deaths due to tired bullet injuries: Evaluation from medical, legal, and social perspectives.

In Türkiye, as in other parts of the world, there is a rising trend in individual armament and firearm violence, resembling an epidemic. When fired into the air, bullets eventually lose the initial speed with which they left the barrel and begin to accelerate downwards under the influence of gravity as they fall to the ground. At this point, these projectiles are referred to as 'tired bullets,' which cause serious injuries and fatalities. This study evaluates autopsy cases of deaths due to tired bullet injuries. We aimed to raise social awareness and contribute to the literature by exploring the forensic, legal, and social dimensions of tired bullet injuries. From 2013 to 2022, 695 forensic autopsies of gunshot wounds were reviewed at the Trabzon Forensic Medicine Group Presidency. Nine cases were identified where individuals had undergone autopsies and the cause of death was attributed to tired bullet injuries. The data for the cases included in the study was sourced from our archive records and the UYAP (National Judicial Network Project) system. The second stage involved analyzing reports of falling bullet injuries from local and national newspaper websites. In the third stage, the Supreme Court decisions regarding perpetrators of tired bullet incidents were examined. The study included six male and three female cases, with an average age of 32.5 years. Injuries were predominantly located in the head in seven cases, the eye in one case, and the inguinal region in another. In eight cases, the bullet trajectory was from top to bottom. The incidents predominantly occurred in residential areas. It was observed that all cases received coverage in both national and local media, and campaigns against tired bullet injuries were organized. The perpetrators of these injuries were frequently sentenced for murder with probable intent. Tired bullet injuries represent a significant public health issue that necessitates comprehensive preventative measures addressing medical, legal, and social dimensions. There should be national and international campaigns led by the media, involving all public institutions, organizations, and non-governmental organizations to promote individual disarmament, highlight the dangers of firearms, and stress the importance of these initiatives.