Comprehensive Mechanism Research Articles

Current Situation and Construction Path of Integration of Shandong Red Cultural Resources into University Campus Culture

Shandong red cultural resources are abundant, which are an indispensable and important cultural form in the construction of university campus culture. However, there are still deficiencies in the integration of content, methods, channels, and mechanisms between the two. This article explores paths of integration of Shandong red cultural resources into university construction of campus culture from various perspectives, including establishing and improving Shandong’s Red Cultural Resource database to enrich the Connotation of Campus Culture Construction, enhancing the practicality and participation of Shandong red cultural resources to activate the main body of campus cultural construction, enriching the dissemination carriers of Shandong red cultural resources to expand the channels of campus cultural construction and establishing a comprehensive integration mechanism to stimulate the endogenous driving force of campus cultural construction.

Analysis of the Problems and Suggestions for Ecological Protection and Restoration of Coastal Zones in China

This paper analyzes the existing problems of ecological protection and restoration of coastal zones in China, and puts forward corresponding suggestions and solutions. In terms of technology, it is necessary to strengthen scientific and technological innovation and upgrading, develop repair technologies suitable for different coastal habitats, and strengthen the application of monitoring and evaluation technologies to ensure the effectiveness and sustainability of restoration work. In terms of management and policy, it is necessary to establish a comprehensive management mechanism, clarify the responsibilities and powers of various departments, and strengthen the formulation and implementation of laws and regulations. In addition, financial support should be enhanced, social participation should be encouraged, and international cooperation should be strengthened to jointly meet the challenges of ecological restoration. In terms of social economy, we should pay attention to sustainable development and achieve a win-win situation between economic growth and ecological protection by promoting the development of green industries and other ways. At the same time, it is also necessary to improve the public’s awareness and participation in coastal ecological restoration, strengthen environmental education and publicity work, cultivate the public’s awareness of the environment and responsibility for scientific and technological innovation, change economic factors and improve public education awareness, and achieve the effectiveness of coastal protection and restoration work to realize marine ecological safety and sustainable development.

Electroactive heterojunctions of iron-based compounds in oxygen evolution reaction—Insight into synergy and mechanism

This research addresses the inherent challenges of low catalytic activity and stability often associated with Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) catalysts. We designed composites with outstanding electrocatalytic performance. The methodology is characterized by low-temperature operation and environmentally friendly substrates. We have successfully fostered a synergistic interplay between Fe and oxygen, carbon and nickel, respectively. Fabricated material composed of three different heterojunctions triggered the stability of the catalyst and facilitated efficient charge transfer in OER. Our optimized catalyst (Fe/Ni_3.0h), emerges as a promising candidate for practical applications, exhibiting an overpotential of 310 mV, a Tafel slope of 37 mV/dec, and a potential retention of 98.8 % which is a 50 % lower drop in respect to commercial RuO2. Therefore, our approach underlines the substantial influence of conductive Fe-based materials: FeNi3, Fe3C, and Fe3O4 on OER performance with revealed comprehensive mechanism via ex-situ XRD and Mössbauer spectroscopy analyses.

Challenges Faced by First-Year Students Based on Individual Identities

This study examines the challenges faced by first-year students at the College of Basic Education, University of Duhok. The research focuses on the impact of individual identities on academic and social integration. A quantitative descriptive methodology was used, employing structured questionnaires. The study reveals a range of obstacles that extend beyond initial expectations and are consistent across gender and departmental lines. The analysis shows that there is a crucial requirement for a support framework that is universally accessible and inclusive, designed to aid students in their transition to higher education. The findings of the study recommend the creation of comprehensive feedback mechanisms and interdepartmental cooperation in the development of support programs. The research emphasizes the significance of acknowledging and addressing the distinct obstacles encountered by students with intersecting marginalized identities. Suggestions for future research involve a more thorough examination of the long-term impacts of these obstacles and the investigation of focused interventions to improve student achievement and well-being. This study adds to the discussion on improving student support services and creating an inclusive academic environment that promotes the growth and development of all students, especially those who are navigating their first year in higher education.

Study on Oxidation Activity of Hydrogenated Biodiesel–Ethanol–Diesel Blends

In the pursuit of understanding the oxidation mechanisms of hydrogenated biodiesel fuels and elucidating the combustion behavior of biomass fuels when blended with diesel, this study presents a comprehensive investigation into the reaction mechanism of hydrogenated biodiesel–ethanol–diesel mixtures. We develop a comprehensive reaction mechanism encompassing 187 components and 735 reactions for hydrogenated biodiesel–ethanol–diesel mixtures. Through kinetics analysis under varied conditions, including 1.0 MPa pressure, an equivalence ratio of 1.0, and temperatures of 900 K and 1400 K, we explore the impact of cross-reactions and changing fuel blend ratios on low- and high-temperature oxidation. Our findings indicate that oleic and stearic acid methyl esters serve as better substitutes for representing hydrogenated biodiesel kinetics than methyl decanoate. At lower temperatures, increased hydrogenated biodiesel and ethanol content leads to reduced OH generation, impacting reactivity. Conversely, higher temperatures result in enhanced OH production with increased hydrogenated biodiesel and ethanol concentrations, promoting reactivity. A cross-reaction analysis reveals CH2O as a prominent product, with the CH2O→HCO→CO pathway playing a pivotal role. In summary, our research unveils the intricate oxidation mechanisms of hydrogenated biodiesel–ethanol–diesel mixtures, providing insights into their combustion characteristics and offering implications for optimizing fuel blends for cleaner and more efficient energy solutions.

Healthcare Expatriate Adjustment in Qatar: Analyzing Challenges and Opportunities.

The healthcare sector in the Middle East, particularly in Qatar, relies heavily on expatriate professionals. The successful adaptation of these expatriates to the local environment is crucialas it significantly affects their job satisfaction and the quality of care they deliver to patients. This study aimed to identify and analyze the key factors influencing the adjustment of healthcare expatriates in Qatar to their professional roles and the cultural context of the region. This study involved the use of a cross-sectional survey approach targeting healthcare professionals in Qatar, with a targeted sample size of 385 participantsselected to ensure a comprehensive representation of the expatriate workforce. The survey was disseminated through expatriate-specific WhatsApp groups from October 1, 2022, to December 31, 2022. It was structured to examine a variety of factors influencing expatriate adjustment, including age, gender, proficiency in the Arabic language, social support networks, job type, and length of stay in Qatar. The primary focus of this study is a thematic analysis of the respondents' free-text comments. These comments offer valuable insights into their experiences, both positive and negative, in adapting to life and work in Qatar. This study achieved a response rate of 51.69% (199 out of 385), with participants representing 10 nationalities, being predominantly aged between 35 and 44 years, and having spent four to seven years in Qatar. The majority of respondents were nurses and doctors, accounting for 83.9% of the sample. The following five main themes emerged from the analysis of 218 free-text comments: personal and family concerns, work-related matters, government and system-related challenges, social and cultural challenges, and Arabic language challenges. Although participants valued supportive employer practices in family relocation and professional environments, they encountered language barriers, bureaucratic complexities, and cultural adaptation challenges. The results of this study shed light on the multifaceted nature of expatriate adjustment in the healthcare sector of Qatar, highlighting the supportive elements and the obstacles encountered. They emphasize the need for comprehensive support mechanisms, including language training, streamlined bureaucratic processes, and cultural orientation programs, to facilitate successful and fulfilling expatriate experiences in the Middle Eastern healthcare context.

Optimizing geriatric palliative care in Egypt: Comprehensive patient and family perspectives.

In Egypt, palliative care for geriatric patients is understudied, necessitating exploration for service optimization. Amidst rising chronic illnesses and aging, understanding perspectives of geriatric patients and families is crucial for targeted improvements. This study aims to explore geriatric patients' and their families' perspectives on palliative care in Egypt, seeking opportunities to optimize service delivery for the elderly. Employing a cross-sectional design with 110 geriatric patients and an equal number of family caregivers from the Damietta Oncology Institute and the pain treatment clinics for cancer patients at Zagazig University Hospital, the study focuses on a specialized pain clinic. Validated tools (Palliative Care Outcome Scale, Family Satisfaction with End-of-Life Care [FAMCARE] Scale, Edmonton Symptom Assessment System [ESAS], Caregiver Strain Index [CSI]) assess quality of life, family satisfaction, symptom severity, and caregiver strain. Geriatric patients (mean age: 65.0 ± 8.1 years; 45.5% male, 55.5% female) have diverse diagnoses (e.g., breast cancer 22%). Palliative care outcomes reveal challenges: low emotional well-being (2.6 ± 0.0) and alarming overall quality of life (1.8 ± 0.0). Family dissatisfaction (FAMCARE) is pervasive (total mean score 2.6 ± 0.5). Symptom severity (ESAS) is high, and caregiver strain (CSI) is notable (8.5 ± 2.2). The findings underscore the significance of the challenges faced by geriatric patients and caregivers in palliative care. Patients confront considerable symptom burdens and emotional distress, while caregivers experience notable strain. Urgently needed are targeted interventions designed to enhance patient well-being, alleviate caregiver burden, and elevate satisfaction. The critical importance of implementing these interventions promptly is highlighted, as they are instrumental in improving the overall care experience for geriatric patients and their caregivers. Moreover, the results underscore the imperative of developing comprehensive support mechanisms to address the intricate dimensions of palliative care, ultimately contributing to a more compassionate and effective care continuum.

The comprehensive impact and mechanism of carbon finance on carbon emission: Evidence from 30 countries and regions

This study presents new evidence of the comprehensive impact of carbon finance on carbon emission by conducting panel data models, including fixed and random effects, to analyze the impact.Based on Chinese carbon finance data from 2001 to 2020, the empirical results show the following: (1) Carbon finance positively impacts significantly reducing carbon emissions. (2) The impact of carbon finance on carbon emissions is related to regional differences. (3) The impact of carbon finance on carbon emissions differs based on population size thresholds. (4) The impact of carbon finance on carbon emissions differs based on population size thresholds. By considering these practical implications, policymakers, businesses, and stakeholders can better navigate the complexities of carbon finance and develop strategies that contribute significantly to global efforts to mitigate climate change.

Cation-Induced Interfacial Hydrophobic Microenvironment Promotes the C-C Coupling in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction.

The electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) toward C2 products is a promising way for the clean energy economy. Modulating the structure of the electric double layer (EDL), especially the interfacial water and cation type, is a useful strategy to promote C-C coupling, but atomic understanding lags far behind the experimental observations. Herein, we investigate the combined effect of interfacial water and alkali metal cations on the C-C coupling at the Cu(100) electrode/electrolyte interface using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations with a constrained MD and slow-growth approach. We observe a linear correlation between the water-adsorbate stabilization effect, which manifests as hydrogen bonds, and the corresponding alleviation in the C-C coupling free energy. The role of a larger cation, compared to a smaller cation (e.g., K+ vs Li+), lies in its ability to approach the interface through desolvation and coordinates with the *CO+*CO moiety, partially substituting the hydrogen-bonding stabilizing effect of interfacial water. Although this only results in a marginal reduction of the energy barrier for C-C coupling, it creates a local hydrophobic environment with a scarcity of hydrogen bonds owing to its great ionic radius, impeding the hydrogen of surrounding interfacial water to approach the oxygen of the adsorbed *CO. This skillfully circumvents the further hydrogenation of *CO toward the C1 pathway, serving as the predominant factor through which a larger cation facilitates C-C coupling. This study unveils a comprehensive atomic mechanism of the cation-water-adsorbate interactions that can facilitate the further optimization of the electrolyte and EDL for efficient C-C coupling in CO2RR.

Construction and practice of the teaching evaluation system for the undergraduate major of New Media Technology

This study explores the construction and practical implementation of a teaching evaluation system tailored for the undergraduate major of New Media Technology. Rooted in literature advocating for formative assessments and critical thinking skills, the research endeavors to fill this void with a bespoke 360-degree comprehensive evaluation mechanism. Drawing on principles of objectivity, comprehensiveness, adaptability, and developmental focus, the study proposes a system encompassing self-evaluation, peer evaluation, student evaluation, and third-party evaluation. Beyond its immediate application in New Media Technology, the study emphasizes the broader implications of its findings for emerging interdisciplinary majors, aiming to contribute to national strategies for scientific and technological innovation. The study unfolds in the context of the New Media Technology major at Qilu University of Technology, offering specific insights into curriculum features, talent cultivation objectives, and industry requisites. Following a detailed exploration of evaluation principles, content, and methods, the study presents the results of the newly implemented system, revealing nuanced strengths and areas for improvement. These findings culminate in a set of recommendations aimed at continuous system review, enhanced collaborative engagement, increased practical application in instructional design, strategic resource allocation, industry integration, and comprehensive student support services. The conclusion reflects on the study's contribution to refining teaching evaluation systems, fostering ongoing improvements, and nurturing the next generation of talents in the ever-evolving landscape of new media technology.

A framework for quantification and integration of green development of cultivated land in China: From the perspective of adaptability‐vitality‐resistance

AbstractExploring the green development of cultivated land (GDCL) and solving the problem of “high consumption and high pollution” caused by the traditional model are of great significance for achieving sustainable use of cultivated land and green agricultural growth. However, the existing consensus on action lacks theoretical support and quantitative analysis. To this end, the objective of this study was to develop a new multidimensional framework considering as an integrated capacity to adaptability‐vitality‐resistance (A‐V‐R) assess GDCL according to the essential requirement of green development. The analytical framework and evaluation system proposed in this study are expected to provide empirical support for the green transition of cultivated land use in China or worldwide. This study determines spatiotemporal differentiation and influencing mechanism of GDCL in China from 2000 to 2020. The results demonstrated that the GDCL level of China was low and characterized by a W‐shaped fluctuation. The regional difference in GDCL is greater than that within the regions and the evolution of different types of regions showed significant path dependence and spatiotemporal inertia. The reason behind this phenomenon is that agricultural technology and socioeconomic development factors such as agricultural mechanization level, urban–rural income equity index and extensively influenced GDCL in different regions. The interaction among driving factors forms a complex multi‐resultant force to construct a comprehensive action mechanism at the GDCL level driven by demand, economy, technology, and ecology. Therefore, this study suggests coordinating the relationship between technological progress, technological diffusion, agricultural total factor productivity, and the GDCL path, in order to effectively reduce the internal and external contradictions of GDCL.

Transient Absorption Spectroscopic Investigation of the Photocyclization-Deprotection Reaction of 3',5'-Dimethoxybenzoin Fluoride.

The 3',5'-dimethoxybenzoin (DMB) system has been widely investigated as a photoremovable protecting group (PRPG) for the elimination of various functional groups and has been applied in many fields. The photolysis of DMB fluoride leads to a highly efficient photocyclization-deprotection reaction, resulting in a high yield of 3',5'-dimethoxybenzofuran (DMBF) in a MeCN solution, while there is a competitive reaction that produces DMB in an aqueous solution. The yield of DMB increased as the volume ratio of water increased. To understand the solvent effect of the photolysis of selected DMB-based compounds, a combination of femtosecond to nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopies (fs-TA and ns-TA), nanosecond time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy (ns-TR3) and quantum chemical calculation was employed to study the photophysical and photochemical reaction mechanisms of DMB fluoride in different solutions. Facilitated by the bichromophoric nature of DMB fluoride with electron-donating and -withdrawing chromophores, the cyclized intermediates could be found in a pure MeCN solution. The deprotection of a cyclic biradical intermediate results in the simultaneous formation of DMBF and a cyclic cation species. On the other hand, in aqueous solution, fs-TA experiments revealed that α-keto cations could be observed after excitation directly, which could easily produce the DMB through the addition of a hydroxyl within 8.7 ps. This work provides comprehensive photo-deactivation mechanisms of DMB fluoride in MeCN and aqueous conditions and provides critical insights regarding the biomedical application of DMB-based PRPG compounds.

Microplastics weaken the exoskeletal mechanical properties of Pacific whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

The ubiquitous presence of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic environments poses a significant threat to crustaceans. Although exoskeleton quality is critical for crustacean survival, the impact of MPs on crustacean exoskeletons remains elusive. Our study represents a pioneering effort to characterize the effects of MPs exposure on crustacean exoskeletons. In this study, the mechanical properties of whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei exoskeletons were analyzed after exposure to environmentally realistic levels of MPs. Nanoindentation data demonstrated that MPs exposure significantly increased the hardness and modulus of both the carapace and abdominal segments of L. vannamei. Moreover, fractures and embedded MPs were detected on the exoskeleton surface using SEM-EDS analysis. Further analysis demonstrated that the degree of chitin acetylation (DA) in the shrimp exoskeleton, as indicated by FTIR peaks, was reduced by MPs exposure. In addition, exposure to MPs significantly inhibited the muscle Ca2+-ATPase activity and hemolymph calcium levels. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed that the expression levels of genes encoding key enzymes and metabolites in the chitin biosynthetic pathway were significantly affected by MPs exposure. In conclusion, MPs at environmentally relevant concentrations may affect the exoskeletal mechanical properties of L. vannamei through a comprehensive mechanism involving the disruption of the crystalline structure of chitin, assimilation into the exoskeleton, and dysregulation of exoskeleton biosynthesis-related pathways.

Multi-omics analysis revealed the dysfunction of ovary and testis induced by chronic hypoxia in Pelteobagrus fulvidraco

Hypoxia is a global problem that not only impairs parental fish reproductive functions and fertility but can also decrease offspring fertility through the transgenerational effect, further resulting in the degradation of fish germplasm resources in aquaculture. However, an in-depth exploration of the comprehensive mechanisms of hypoxia-induced gonadal impairment in teleosts is lacking. In this study, the juvenile yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) were continuously exposed to hypoxic conditions (1.9 ± 0.3 mg/L dissolved oxygen) for one month. The transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome were integrated to study the gonadal response to hypoxia in yellow catfish comprehensively. Hypoxia altered gonadal biological processes involved in angiogenesis, energy metabolism, apoptosis, and steroidogenesis. The testes and ovaries exhibited different adaptive mechanisms in response to chronic hypoxia. Angiogenesis was activated in the testes to increase oxygen delivery. Angiogenesis was inhibited in the ovaries when ovarian hemoglobin levels increased. Activated glycolysis and catabolism of glycogenic amino acids were observed in the testes. The energy metabolism in the ovaries was disrupted by hypoxia, as reflected by disordered glycolysis and suppressed synthesis of amino acids and fatty acids. Gonadal dysfunction and suppression of germ cell development by hypoxia were observed. The decrease in synaptonemal complex protein 1 (SYCP1), SYCP3, Piwi like RNA-mediated gene silencing 2 (PIWIL2), and Nanos C2HC-type zinc finger 3 (Nanos3) in the testes reflected suppressed meiosis and spermatogenesis. The downregulation of vitellogenin 1 (VTG1), zona pellucida (ZP), growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), inhibin subunit beta B (Inhbb), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling inhibited folliculogenesis and vitellogenesis in the ovaries. Our results provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying hypoxia-induced reproductive impairment in teleosts.

Roles of a Glycolipid MPIase in Sec-Independent Membrane Protein Insertion.

Membrane protein integrase (MPIase), an endogenous glycolipid in Escherichia coli (E. coli) membranes, is essential for membrane protein insertion in E. coli. We have examined Sec-independent membrane protein insertion mechanisms facilitated by MPIase using physicochemical analytical techniques, namely solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, fluorescence measurements, and surface plasmon resonance. In this review, we outline the physicochemical characteristics of membranes that may affect membrane insertion of proteins. Subsequently, we introduce our results verifying the effects of membrane lipids on insertion and estimate the impact of MPIase. Although MPIase is a minor component of E. coli membranes, it regulates insertion by altering the physicochemical properties of the membrane. In addition, MPIase promotes insertion by interacting with substrate proteins. We propose comprehensive mechanisms for the membrane insertion of proteins involving MPIase, which provide a physicochemical basis for understanding the roles of glycolipids in protein translocation.

Policy Evaluation of the Reform of Ambulatory Patient Groups Based on Access, Quality, and Cost of the Iron Triangle Value Chain in China

Objective. As part of the efforts to build a practical, effective, and diversified medical insurance payment method, it is crucial for China to deepen the reform of ambulatory patient groups (APGs). This study was aimed to explore the mechanism and effect of this policy from three dimensions, including medical expenses, medical insurance funds, and medical services. Methods. In 2020, China’s pilot reform of APG was initiated in Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and OLS regression analysis were utilized to evaluate the effect of the APG reform in Jinhua. Results. The implementation of the reform can contribute significantly to establishing a comprehensive medical service governance mechanism of classified settlement and coordinated promotion. It also plays a critical role in safeguarding people’s lives and health by promoting the high-level development of medical insurance systems and public hospitals, optimizing the quality of medical services, and improving the efficiency of medical insurance funds. Conclusion. Through the lens of policy evaluation, our findings can provide useful experience for the implementation of the outpatient medical insurance payment method in developing countries.

Silicon reduces toxicity and accumulation of arsenic and cadmium in cereal crops: A meta-analysis, mechanism, and perspective study

Arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) are two toxic metal(loid)s that pose significant risks to food security and human health. Silicon (Si) has attracted substantial attention because of its positive effects on alleviating the toxicity and accumulation of As and Cd in crops. However, our current knowledge of the comprehensive effects and detailed mechanisms of Si amendment is limited. In this study, a global meta-analysis of 248 original articles with over 7000 paired observations was conducted to evaluate Si-mediated effects on growth and As and Cd accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and maize (Zea mays L.). Si application increases the biomass of these crops under As and/or Cd contamination. Si amendment also decreased shoot As and Cd accumulation by 24.1 % (20.6 to 27.5 %) and 31.9 % (29.0 to 31.9 %), respectively. Furthermore, the Si amendment reduced the human health risks posed by As (2.6 %) and Cd (12.9 %) in crop grains. Si-induced inhibition of Cd accumulation is associated with decreased Cd bioavailability and the downregulation of gene expression. The regulation of gene expression by Si addition was the driving factor limiting shoot As accumulation. Overall, our analysis demonstrated that Si amendment has great potential to reduce the toxicity and accumulation of As and/or Cd in crops, providing a scientific basis for promoting food safety globally.

Managing non-cooperative behaviors in consensus reaching processes: a comprehensive self-management weight generation mechanism

Managing non-cooperative behaviors in consensus reaching processes: a comprehensive self-management weight generation mechanism

How is digital health suitability measured for communities? A systematic review.

Digital health services continue growing in usage and popularity, with patients and healthcare organizations benefiting from their use. Despite this, no mechanism exists to measure a patient's and community's suitability to leverage these services. This systematic review aims to evaluate the extent and nature of measuring the overall suitability of individuals and communities within the digital health landscape. Database searches in February 2024 across PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Embase, and IEEE Xplore yielded 1044 unique references. Two screening stages resulted in 10 articles that met all evaluation criteria for review inclusion. This systematic review found a gap in the ability to holistically assess a patient's and community's suitability to access digital health services. Myriad indices and tools identify isolated factors contributing to digital health accessibility (e.g., broadband availability); however, no comprehensive mechanism adequately informs providers, policymakers, and researchers. A comprehensive index that accurately reflects suitability for digital health services is needed. Index factors should include a combination of indicators related to socioeconomic status, digital accessibility, such as device and internet access, and social determinants of health. Together, these form the predominant driving factors related to one's ability to participate in digital health services.

INTERNATIONAL LEGAL MECHANISM FOR ENSURING ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY IN UKRAINE DURING THE CONDITIONS OF MARITAL STATE

The article highlights the results of the study of the problem of international legal guarantee of environmental safety in the conditions of the legal regime of martial law, which is extremely relevant for Ukraine. It is noted that the occurrence of threats and risks to human life and health, which often lead to a critical state of the environment, requires the search for optimal ways to eliminate their consequences in the event of environmental emergencies and their possible prevention. In this regard, a comprehensive state-legal mechanism, which provides for a number of measures and means aimed at supporting the provision of environmental safety, is of primary importance. It is primarily about the development and improvement of legislation in this field in the system of national security and defense, taking into account international experience. One of the most urgent issues regarding the negative impact is armed aggression, and there is precisely the impact on the environment during hostilities. Therefore, an integral direction of the adaptation of the legal system of Ukraine and the system of environmental protection supervision and control in the conditions of martial law is the improvement of the international legal mechanism for responding to environmental risks and threats, the possibility of their prevention through the involvement of international institutions in the ecological sphere of Ukraine.