Comprehensive Measurement System Research Articles

Analysis and study of digital economy level measurement index

PurposeThis study aims to assess the level of development of the digital economy by constructing a comprehensive measurement system. It explores regional differences within China’s digital economy, highlighting the varying degrees of digital infrastructure, industrialization, governance and innovation capabilities across provinces.Design/methodology/approachA multidimensional analytical framework including digital infrastructure, industrialization, digitization, governance and innovation was developed. Entropy methods were used to calculate the weights of each dimension. The coupled coordination degree model and the Tobit model with random effects panel are applied to analyze the current situation, discrepancies and influencing factors.FindingsThis study reveals significant regional differences in the development of China’s digital economy, characterized by a pattern of “strong in the east, weak in the west; high in the south, low in the north.” This geographical imbalance exacerbates the “polarization effect” and the “siphon effect,” where resources and growth tend to concentrate in already developed areas, further intensifying regional inequalities. The development of the digital economy is driven by principles of innovation, coordination and sharing, which facilitate the creation and dissemination of new technologies and collaboration across different sectors. However, this progress is also constrained by considerations of environmental sustainability (green) and economic openness.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the body of knowledge by providing a novel multidimensional measurement system for the level of digital economy development. The unique application of the coupled coordination degree model and Tobit model to analyze regional differences and influencing factors provides insights into the dynamics of China’s digital economy.

Визначення ефективності корпоративного контролю в інтеграційних об’єднаннях акціонерних товариств на засадах економічної безпеки

This article aims to analyze and develop organizational and methodological tools to enhance the effectiveness of corporate control in integration associations of joint-stock companies based on ensuring economic security. Research methods include a comprehensive analysis of literary sources, theoretical modeling of corporate control structures, comparative analysis of existing practices, and developing methodological recommendations based on a systemic approach. Critical issues in corporate control of integration associations have been identified, and organizational and methodological support have been developed, which includes organizational, methodical, informational, legal, financial, and control components to enhance the effectiveness of corporate control. The scientific novelty lies in the development of the author’s definition of “organizational and methodological support for the effectiveness of corporate control in integration associations of joint-stock companies based on economic security” as a comprehensive system of managerial and methodological measures aimed at creating, implementing, and supporting an effective corporate control structure in integration associations of joint-stock companies. It also involves building a conceptual scheme for implementing organizational and methodological support for the effectiveness of corporate control in these associations based on economic security, which includes components of organizational and methodological support, methods of implementation, and expected outcomes. The practical significance of the research lies in developing approaches and recommendations that joint-stock companies can use to optimize corporate governance, enhance transparency, and reduce risks within the framework of economic security. Prospects for further research include expanding the study to an international level to analyze integration associations under various legal and cultural conditions, as well as the introduction of innovative technologies in corporate control to enhance its effectiveness. Keywords: corporate control, economic security, integration associations, joint-stock companies, organizational and methodological support, corporate management.

Модель психологічного супроводу підлітків з порушенням зору

The article addresses the pressing issue of developing a model of psychological support for adolescents with visual impairments. Adolescents' personality development during their school time ultimately determines their opportunities for successful social integration into society in future. Therefore, the need for psychological support for adolescents with visual impairments proves increasingly relevant. The aim of this study is to analyze scientific views on the essence of psychological support as a phenomenon and develop a model of psychological support for adolescents with visual impairments, which can contribute to their individual development and socialization. The analysis of scientific principles and approaches to the issue of psychological support for adolescents with visual impairments has allowed us to reveal the essence of support as a psychological phenomenon and develop a model of psychological support for adolescents with visual impairments. Scientists have established that adolescence requires systematic support, comprehensive psychological support in the process of personal growth at this complex stage of maturation. We argue that psychological support is a process of organizing and conducting a comprehensive system of psychological measures that help an individual to optimize their mental health condition, effectively adapt and develop progressively. Support system is proved to be based on a theoretical model, a set of conceptual provisions and technologies, which is focused on the content of the development problems of adolescents in various social systems. Three leading constructive principles of the support system have been identified. The first principle calls for a change in research paradigm—from exploring psychic phenomena and manifestations to studying the laws of personality development for persons with visual impairments. The second principle characterizes a change in the paradigm of acting upon the support system, urging and wishing, providing equal opportunities in decision-making. The third conceptual provision is identifying the ground to develop means and methods. A model of psychological support for adolescents with visual impairments has been developed within the social system of "students - educators - parents". It combines managerial and psychological aspects. The theoretical significance of the study is the analysis of scientific views on the essence of psychological support as a phenomenon. The practical significance is the development of a psychological support model for adolescents with visual impairments, which can contribute to their personal growth and socialization. The prospects for further research in this area entail empirical verification of this psychological support model in terms of its effectiveness for adolescents with visual impairments.

In Situ Pipe Prover Volume Measurement Method.

To improve the accuracy of in situ measurement of the standard volumes of pipe provers and to shorten the traceability chain, a new method of in situ pipe prover volume measurement was developed alongside a supporting measurement device. This method is based on the geometric dimension approach, which measures the inner diameter and length of a pipe prover to calculate its volume. For inner diameter measurement, a three-probe inner-diameter algorithm model was established. This model was calibrated using a standard ring gauge of Φ313 mm, with the parameters calculated through fitting. Another standard ring gauge of Φ320 mm was used to verify the inner diameters determined by the algorithmic model. A laser interferometer was employed for the segmented measurement of the pipe prover length. The comprehensive measurement system was then used for in situ measurement of the standard pipe prover. The newly developed system achieved an expanded uncertainty of 0.012% (k = 2) in volume measurement, with the deviation between the measured and nominal pipe prover volumes being merely 0.007%. These results demonstrate that the proposed in situ measurement method offers ultra-high-precision measurement capabilities.

Экологический аспект устойчивого развития высокогорных регионов в условиях формирования инновационной экономики

Sustainable development of high-mountain regions is one of the key tasks of the modern world in the context of growing environmental problems and the need to transition to an innovative economy. High-mountain regions, such as the territories of the North Caucasus Federal District (NCFD), are characterized by unique natural conditions, but at the same time they face many environmental challenges associated with active economic activity, climate change and anthropogenic impact. These territories are particularly vulnerable to environmental risks, which requires the development of integrated approaches for their sustainable development. The formation of an innovative economy provides new opportunities for achieving environmental sustainability in high-mountain regions. Innovative technologies and environmentally friendly approaches to production can help reduce the negative impact on the environment, improve the quality of life of the local population and increase the competitiveness of the region. However, the transition to such a development model requires a comprehensive assessment of environmental aspects, which will take into account the specifics of natural conditions, socio-economic factors and the characteristics of the economic activity of these territories. The objective of the study is to analyze current environmental problems of mountainous territories and improve initiatives taken to ensure environmental safety in the context of transition to an economy of advanced scientific and technological development. Research methods. The study was conducted on the basis of dialectical cognition, system and comparative approaches, forecasting, classification, induction and deduction, the method of processing statistical and empirical data. Research results: 1) the state of the territories of the North Caucasus Federal District was analyzed from the point of view of environmental safety; 2) world experience was studied using the example of innovation-oriented countries regarding issues of environmental conservation in the process of increasing production capacities; 3) an analysis of the tools used by government bodies was carried out in order to maintain consensus between the ongoing environmental and innovation policies; 4) innovative ways to solve the problem of ensuring environmental safety in the studied mountainous regions of the country are presented. Conclusion. The study provided a comprehensive analysis of the environmental aspects of sustainable development of the highland regions of the North Caucasus Federal District (NCFD) in the context of the formation of an innovative economy. It was revealed that the environmental situation in most regions of the North Caucasus Federal District remains unfavorable, despite significant investments in improving infrastructure and modernizing production. The main problems are air and water pollution, degradation of agricultural land, accumulation of waste and deterioration of forests. High emissions of pollutants from mobile and stationary sources, discharge of contaminated wastewater and growth in the volume of municipal solid waste have a negative impact on the environmental situation. As a result, the quality of life of the population deteriorates, health risks increase, and the productivity of agricultural land decreases, which has a negative impact on the economy of the region. To solve these problems, it is necessary to implement a comprehensive approach, including the introduction of innovative technologies in industry and agriculture, improving the waste management system, developing environmental monitoring and modernizing production. An important role should be played by government support measures aimed at stimulating environmentally oriented investments and reducing the man-made burden on the environment. China, which is actively developing “green” investments and reducing the negative impact of industrial enterprises, can serve as an example of a successful environmental policy. China’s experience can be useful for Russia in developing long-term environmental safety strategies. Thus, to ensure sustainable development of high-mountain regions in the context of an innovative economy, it is necessary to form a comprehensive system of measures aimed at protecting the environment, improving public health and increasing the competitiveness of the region.

Four dimensions of naturalistic language production in aphasia after stroke.

There is a rich tradition of research on the neuroanatomical correlates of spoken language production in aphasia using constrained tasks (e.g., picture naming), which offer controlled insights into the distinct processes that govern speech and language (i.e., lexical-semantic access, morphosyntactic construction, phonological encoding, speech motor programming/execution). Yet these tasks do not necessarily reflect everyday language use. In contrast, naturalistic language production (also referred to as connected speech or discourse) more closely approximates typical processing demands, requiring the dynamic integration of all aspects of speech and language. The brain bases of naturalistic language production remain relatively unknown, however, in part because of the difficulty in deriving features that are salient, quantifiable, and interpretable relative to both speech-language processes and the extant literature. The present cross-sectional observational study seeks to address these challenges by leveraging a validated and comprehensive auditory-perceptual measurement system that yields four explanatory dimensions of performance-Paraphasia (misselection of words and sounds), Logopenia (paucity of words), Agrammatism (grammatical omissions), and Motor speech (impaired speech motor programming/execution). We used this system to characterize naturalistic language production in a large and representative sample of individuals with acute post-stroke aphasia (n = 118). Scores on each of the four dimensions were correlated with lesion metrics, and multivariate associations among the dimensions and brain regions were then explored. Our findings revealed distinct yet overlapping neuroanatomical correlates throughout the left-hemisphere language network. Paraphasia and Logopenia were associated primarily with posterior regions, spanning both dorsal and ventral streams, which are critical for lexical-semantic access and phonological encoding. In contrast, Agrammatism and Motor speech were associated primarily with anterior regions of the dorsal stream that are involved in morphosyntactic construction and speech motor planning/execution respectively. Collectively, we view these results as constituting a brain-behavior model of naturalistic language production in aphasia, aligning with both historical and contemporary accounts of the neurobiology of spoken language production.

Факторы, влияющие на обеспечение корпоративной безопасности компаний

Corporate security is a comprehensive system of measures designed to protect an organization's assets, data, employees, and reputation from potential threats. This article discusses various factors that can increase an organization's vulnerability to security threats. The independent and combined effects of internal controls, such as training programs and data protection protocols, as well as external threats such as cyber-attacks, physical intrusions and economic espionage, are being investigated. A key aspect of the analysis is the idea of synergy in the field of security. The article argues that a well-coordinated approach combining various security measures into a single whole creates a more effective protection strategy. The analysis of the interdependencies between the various controls highlights the importance of implementing a strategic threat management program that goes beyond individual solutions. By contributing to a comprehensive understanding of vulnerabilities and the effectiveness of synergistic security measures, the article aims to equip organizations with the knowledge and tools to develop and implement effective threat management programs that protect their critical assets and contribute to long-term success.

Organizational and legal aspects of combating crimes against the environment in the conditions of war in Ukraine

The scientific article is devoted to the analysis of organizational and legal aspects of combating crimes against the environment in the conditions of war in Ukraine at the national and international legal levels. Arguments are presented regarding the relevance in the global, international dimension: criminalization of environmental damage at the level of the European Union and its member states; detailing the shortcomings of international legislation and revising the relevant directive on environmental crimes; creation of functioning of the International Registry of Losses. It was emphasized that the introduction of appropriate changes to international legislation will allow creating a comprehensive system of measures to combat environmental crime, ensure the unification of national legislative systems in terms of terminology, composition of crimes, as well as sanctions applied for their commission in armed conflicts. It was concluded that at the national level, it is necessary to take comprehensive measures to combat ecocide, develop a unified state policy in this area, establish an effective system for monitoring the state of the environment and fix the amount of damages, in particular, for the systematic presentation of legal claims for the payment of reparations. The national post-war recovery plan should include measures to restore and preserve ecosystems, in particular based on the analysis of regulatory legal acts in the field of environmental protection. It is justified that the ecological direction should include the development and implementation of a holistic, comprehensive plan for the ecological recovery of Ukraine from the consequences of the war. It is noted that the relevant mechanisms should be universal in nature and effectively prevent crimes against the environment in the world, be reflected in relevant resolutions of the UN General Assembly and other documents of the international law system.

Innovating in-situ characterization: a comprehensive measurement system for measuring the ZT and the contact resistance of vertical thermolegs exploiting the vertical transfer length method

In order to optimize their system design and manufacturing processes, it is crucial to undertake a thorough electrical and thermal characterization of micro thermoelectric generators (µTEGs). To address this need, a highly advanced and fully integrated in-situ measurement system has been developed. The main objectives of this system are to (1) enable the measurement of ZT and thereby of all thermoelectric (TE) properties of thermolegs made from powder-based TE materials and (2) at the same time accurately measure the contact resistance between the TE material and the electrical contacts. The µTEG fabrication concept used in this study is based on copper-cladded printed circuit board (PCB) material as a substrate, using the Cu layers for easy contact formation. In a first step, an innovative measurement concept, based on a distinctive vertical rendition of the well-established transfer length method, has been realized, allowing for the in-situ measurement of contact resistance between the TE material and the copper conductors on the PCB substrate. This enables a comprehensive assessment of the impact exerted by the applied force and temperature during e.g. a hot-pressing step for compacting the powder-based thermolegs during the manufacturing process. In a second step, a comprehensive measurement platform, referred to as the ZT-Card, has been devised to facilitate the evaluation of all relevant TE material properties—Seebeck voltage, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity (all measured in vertical cross-plane orientation)—inherent to a highly miniaturized thermoleg. Additionally, the ZT-Card also allows for the assessment of contact resistance between the copper contacts and the TE material. Successful testing of this measurement system inspires confidence in the capabilities of the platform and will aid in future µTEG development.

LEGAL INSTRUMENTS OF COMBATING LEGALIZATION (LAUNDERING) OF PROCEEDS OF CRIME IN CONDITIONS OF DIGITAL EVOLUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

The article investigates domestic legal instruments used in combating legalization (laundering) of proceeds of crime in the conditions of digital criminal development. The purpose of this article is to introduce the results of the authors’ research area to the scientific community. Legalization (laundering) of proceeds of crime poses a serious threat to the financial stability and economic security of the state as a whole. One of the factors having a negative impact on the traditional financial system has become the spread of digital assets, including cryptocurrencies, NFT – tokens, the volume of transactions has an annual exponential growth. The main principle of legalization of criminal proceeds assumes complete disclosure of criminal activities from law enforcement and controlling authorities and their further in-volvement in legitimate economic activities, as blockchain technologies allow to perform these activities anonymously. Measures taken by state authorities to prevent criminal legalization (laundering) of money and proceeds, such as regulations, financial transaction monitoring systems, international cooperation and measures to strengthen financial transparency are analyzed. The development, adoption and imple-mentation of a comprehensive system of measures aimed at protecting the rights and legitimate interests of citizens and society, the state and the organization of the legal mechanism in combating money laun-dering requires the adoption and consistent implementation of effective measures. The significance of the performed research resides in the possibility of application of the obtained results in the field of combating criminal legalization (laundering) of proceeds. In the course of the re-search, the article highlights the issues of efficiency and possible upgrading of legal instruments in the context of combating criminal legalization (laundering) of proceeds in Kazakhstan. Emphasis is placed on the efficiency of these instruments and possible implementation difficulties.

Research and evaluation of high-quality development of pearl River Delta and urban conglomeration based on energy consumption

In the framework of “dual carbon,” the correlation between energy usage and the enduring advancement of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) urban cluster, emblematic of China’s reform and opening policies, has garnered considerable interest across different segments of society. The problem of measuring regional high-quality development is related to many indicators and variables, and the quantitative measurement of this topic is a complex systematic project. Based on the high degree of specificity of the region, we have constructed a dynamic and comprehensive measurement system of advanced development for the nine cities in the PRD region using the degree of intensive socio-economic development, the construction of a regional social security system, the structure and efficiency of energy consumption, and the degree of harmony between human beings and the natural environment as the secondary indicators. Utilizing relevant data throughout the period spanning from 2005 to 2020, encompassing the nine cities within the PRD region. The study utilized various methodologies including the kernel density estimation model, GIS spatial model, Dagum Gini coefficient method, and simulation calculations to delve into the current status and trends of advanced development in the PRD urban conglomeration. It also examined the primary barriers to high-quality development in the PRD urban conglomeration and the mechanisms underlying internal coordination development within the urban conglomeration. The research suggests that enhancing the advanced development level in the PRD urban conglomeration relies on improving energy utilization efficiency, transitioning traditional industries, and promoting the development of eco-friendly industries. These findings offer decision-makers valuable insights and practical guidance for advancing high-quality development in the PRD urban conglomeration.

Основные факторы успеха молочного производства в Чувашской Республике

The article discusses the dairy industry in the Chuvash Republic, Russia. The Russian Federation is experiencing a shortage of milk. Currently, the per capita milk consumption in the country is by more than a quarter behind the rational intake recommended by the Ministry of Health, which is 325 kg. However, the Chuvash Republic boasts 373 kg of per capita milk production, which is by 71% higher than the average data for the rest of the country, and the high quality of Chuvash milk is unanimously confirmed by leading domestic experts. The authors analyzed the success factors of milk production in the Chuvash Republic to be extrapolated on the entire domestic industry.
 The research relied on such demographic data as the ratio of urban vs. rural population; dairy herd data, e.g., livestock population, farm types, dairy productivity, etc.; dairy production and processing business data. The methods included systematization, generalization, grouping, statistical data processing, and analysis of temporal dynamics indicators. 
 The Chuvash Republic has a large percentage of rural population and a lot of subsidiary dairy farms: 22 000 farms own more than 60% of dairy cows in the region and provide 55% of milk processing volumes. Subsidies allocated by the local government allow farm owners to ensure the high dairy productivity of cows. Most of the milk in the Chuvash Republic can be classified as near-organic. Leading regional milk producers have their own agricultural lands to provide environmentally friendly feed, as well as specialized premises for herd keeping and milking, retail outlets to sell their products, etc. A third of enterprises maintain the milk productivity at 7800–9200 kg, which is as high as in Denmark, the Netherlands, Great Britain, and Germany. Most Chuvash dairy farmers owe their high results to the state support funds allocated for the purchase of breeding cattle. The twelve largest milk producers in the region provide 100% of the output of drinking milk, so private farms mainly focus on meeting the needs of dairy processing enterprises. The latter also receive seasonal subsidies.
 The Chuvash milk miracle can be explained by the following factors: big rural population; private subsidiary farms; high-quality breeding dairy livestock; high-quality feed; good milk production and processing equipment. However, the comprehensive system of state support measures remains the most important success factor.

Legal, scientific, informational and ideological measures to ensure sustainable use of wildlife objects: russian and foreign experience

This article deals with the ecological education as an important means in the process of animal world preser-vation. Legal education is supposed to form a high level of legal awareness and legal culture among citizens and society. The result of legal education should be regarded in knowledge, citizens’ respectful attitude to the current legislation. According to this article, a high level of legal culture and legal education will allow everyone to realize the need to preserve the biodiversity of wild animals for the present and future generations. Based on the analysis of certain provisions of the legislation on the animal world and law enforcement practice, the article states that there is no comprehensive system of legal measures for the sustainable use of wildlife in Russia. The legal, economic, ideological, organizational measures proposed in this article will make it possible to achieve such use of the animal world that will preserve and increase the number of wild animal popula-tions, maintain ecological balance, and ensure satisfaction of the needs of present and future generations in a favorable environment. The measures proposed will create a legal basis for sustainable management of the animal world. These measures will be useful in the development of national programs for the sustainable use of wildlife, strengthening the dialogue of the authorities with the population to involve them in the process of sustainable use of wildlife objects in order to ensure a balance of economic, environmental and social interests.

Management of land resources of rural areas in the context of the paradigm of sustainable development of Ukraine

Aim. To determine the main directions of the formation of innovative agricultural land use of united territorial communities through its multifunctional development in the context of improving the investment climate of rural areas based on the use of innovative levers of their integrated development. The National Security Strategy of Ukraine [1] defines that ensuring environmental and food security belongs to the priority areas of state policy. The land and resource potential of Ukraine is rightly considered the foundation of the national economy. However, the current ecological and economic situation in land use shows that society is not yet sufficiently aware of the real value of land resources. This mainly applies to agricultural lands, since the methods of their use in agricultural production quite often become the root cause of the occurrence of many negative phenomena, which leads to the growth of environmental hazards and manifestations of degradation of productive lands of agricultural landscapes. Methods. Monographic analysis, abstract-logical, comparative and analogues and comparisons, experimental, economic analyses. Results. The article presents the results of scientific research, which were aimed at substantiating priority measures regarding the rational use, protection and reproduction of the productive potential of land resources, ensuring environmental safety in agricultural landscapes. Special attention is paid to the revision of the land resource management strategy in the field of land use, to the deepening of scientific research on the formation of a multifunctional paradigm for the development of rural areas, the implementation of which will ensure rationality, efficiency and environmental friendliness, their use, which will largely determine the level of economic development of the country. Conclusions. The socio-economic trends of the development of rural areas in the context of ensuring the economic and food security of Ukraine were studied. An assessment of the existing socio-economic development potential of rural areas was carried out from the point of view of the prospects of further European integration of our state. The regional aspects of the development of rural areas in the context of increasing their competitiveness in the conditions of the development of the green economy are revealed. Elaborated directions for increasing the efficiency of agricultural land use at the regional level, taking into account the decentralization of territorial development management. A comprehensive system of measures regarding the ecological and economic regulation of the use of land and resource potential by developing a territory organization project with scientific justification of project decisions regarding changes in the structure of agricultural land on the basis of ecologically safe land use has been substantiated and proposed. The theoretical and methodological foundations of organizational and economic support for ecologically balanced agricultural use of land resources in the conditions of transformation of land relations have been analyzed, systematized and deepened. The dynamics of the state of the land fund were studied (on the example of land use in Obukhiv district, Kyiv region, Forest-Steppe zone) with the aim of developing a conceptual structural-logical model of organizational and land-ordering mechanisms for the formation of balanced land use in rural areas for the further development of an innovative ecological and economic model of the organization of the territory of rural land use.

A Cross-Line Structured Light Scanning System Based on a Measuring Arm

The measurement system proposed in this paper, using a measuring arm and line structured light, has a wide range of applications. To improve the scanning efficiency, the system outlined in this paper uses two single-line structured lights to form crosshair structured light, which we combine with a measuring arm to form a comprehensive scanning measurement system. The calibration method of Zhengyou Zhang and a calibration board are used to complete parameter calibration of the sensors and cameras, as well as hand–eye calibration of the measuring arm. For complex curved-surface objects, this system extracts the cross-line structured light optical center location, which suffers from ambiguity. Therefore, we introduce the use of periodic control of the two line structured light sources in order to resolve the light extraction polysemy. Our experimental results indicate that the proposed system can effectively satisfy the function of crosshair structured light scanning of large, complex surfaces.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION OF UKRAINE

The transformational changes taking place in the state management of education are analyzed, and it is shown how they affect the state policy in the field of education management. It is analyzed how this contributes to the transition to the state-public character of education management and the autonomy of educational institutions and how it contributes to the development of organizational and legal forms of educational institutions. Thus, this necessitates the solution of such issues as the administrative and legal regulation of educational relations, the creation and development on the basis of the newest educational model in Ukrainian society of the educational policy strategy, which is a basic part of the state social policy. Since the development of the field of education is a determining condition for the functioning of any state, the issue of forming the state education policy is of important and strategic importance for the development of the state, ensuring scientific and technological progress and economic growth. Education acts as a basis that contributes to the constant development of science, culture, standards of public life and society. Formation and reproduction of human resources is impossible without education. That is why the policy in the field of education must be balanced and justified, otherwise the disorder in this field will pose a threat to the security of the state, society, and the individual, because a decrease in the educational level of the population leads to a decrease in the quality of human resources and the intellectual potential of society in general. The key idea of the article is that the future of the prosperous state of Ukraine largely depends on the development of national education. The study of the current state of state policy in the field of education and the prospects for its reform in order to improve quality can be used for further scientific research on this issue, for compiling manuals on the theory and practice of decision-making, public administration, management in the field of education. It is shown that the state policy in the field of education is the basis of the national policy with a comprehensive comprehensive system of measures of state institutions regarding purposeful management of the educational sphere, in order to improve the efficiency of its functioning and its prestige and importance in society.

Concepts of modern gerontology and geriatrics and the role of nutrition in their achievement

Many factors take part in increasing the healthy period of life - the quality of the environment, drinking water, psychological attitudes in society, dietary patterns, comfort of living, quality of housing, economic relations in the state and society, the degree of landscaping and much more. Collectively, the factors that lead to a healthier and longer life are called the environment that promotes longevity. The scientific study of such an environment, changing everyday life in terms of its quality related to health and increasing duration, is the newest trend in anti-aging medicine. Individual viability (intrinsic capacity) is one of the 4 concepts of geriatrics. The main concept is senile asthenia, the second is premature aging, the third is age viability, which is a psychological state of aging. It seems promising to study the effect of nutrition on individual vitality and longevity. Objective - to study the influence of nutrition on the aging process, to develop further preventive programs based on the data obtained. Methods. Search for literature on nutrition and age problems was held in the databases of RSCI, PubMed, Google Scholar by keywords: aging, ageism, nutrition, individual viability, age-related changes, resilience diet, age-related viability, senile asthenia, domain approach, age. Results. Domain-based assessment is a modern diagnosticis of the condition of people of older age groups, which forms the basis for the development of gerontological preventive programs, in which nutrition plays an important role. Modern studies indicate that the transition in nutrition from «Western» patterns to diets with a high content of plant products, as well as fish, vegetable protein (nuts), reduced salt content prevents the development of complications of age-associated diseases by the mechanism of reducing inflammation and hyperinsulinemia, replenishing micronutrient deficiency. Conclusion. Many studies have confirmed the relationship between compliance with optimal nutrition and longevity, as well as a reduced risk of early development of ageassociated diseases. Further research in the field of gerontology will help in the future to develop a comprehensive system of measures aimed at increasing life expectancy and increasing individual viability.

Anti-crisis Management Mechanism in the Digital Age

This paper conducts a comprehensive theoretical exploration of the anti-crisis management mechanism within the context of local governance, with a specific focus on the integration of digital solutions. Theoretical underpinnings of “crisis” and “anti-crisis management” are expounded upon and synthesized, defining “crisis” as a transformative process that marks a pivotal juncture in system development, entailing irreversible changes. “Anti-crisis management” is considered a multifaceted concept encompassing systemic, process-oriented, and mechanistic dimensions. The examination of local-level crisis phenomena underscores the imperative for effective anti-crisis management aimed at stabilizing regional conditions and devising strategies to mitigate crisis risks. In this context, local-level anti-crisis management is characterized as “a comprehensive system of measures for diagnosing, preventing, neutralizing, and surmounting regional crises”. To inform strategic decision-making for anti-crisis management, an in-depth analysis of local budget revenues and expenditures is conducted, serving as the foundation for judicious tool selection in crisis mitigation. Emphasizing a critical assessment of core concepts and the intricacies of anti-crisis management mechanisms, the paper delineates key objectives for its implementation at the regional level. With regional development as the focal point of anti-crisis management, this paper explores the applicability of digital tools for crisis regulation. However, these findings underscore the paramount importance of tailoring these mechanisms to the unique characteristics and latent potential of each region. The paper concludes with a comprehensive assessment of the efficacy of city budget fund utilization and proposes an approach to optimize the allocation and structure of local budget expenditures by incorporating digital elements to enhance decision-making and crisis response.

Анализ факторов, влияющих на перспективы повышения производительности труда

The article is devoted to issues concerning the prospects for the formation of a comprehensive system of measures to improve labor productivity. Based on the research of various authors in the course of determining the key factors for increasing labor productivity, it was found that their qualitative and quantitative composition primarily depends on the industry in which the enterprise operates. An analysis was carried out of some statistical indicators characterizing, first of all, directly the growth rates of labor productivity in general, by individual industries and indicators relating to the labor force as a whole, average annual employment and the number of unemployed. The article conducted a study of the influence of external and internal environmental factors on the activities of enterprises dedicated to improving productivity. In the course of the study, it was found that in order to have a steady rate of labor productivity growth, it is necessary to provide assistance from the state that affects not only the internal environment of organizations, but also the external environment. Support measures should be of a comprehensive systemic nature and extend at the first stage to priority industries whose enterprises produce products with guaranteed demand. This will create a complex of enterprises that have the necessary monetary foundation for further independent functioning and development.

Stress and wavefront measurement of large-aperture optical components with a ptychographical iterative engine.

The clamping stress of large-aperture optical elements has a significant influence on the optical quality of the system. In this study, a comprehensive measurement system combined with ptychographical iterative engine (PIE) wavefront sensors and polarization components is developed to determine the stress distribution of the optical elements and its effect on the transmitted and reflected wavefronts. This system avoids the use of multiple measuring instruments and has low cost and strong anti-interference ability. The experimental results demonstrate that the stress distributions measured at different resolutions are consistent with the finite element analysis, and the wavefront measurement accuracy is 0.1λ. This test configuration is very flexible and provides a useful means for online installation and quality control of large-aperture optical systems.