Comprehensive Information Management System Research Articles

Analysis of the status and related factors of vaccination against respiratory diseases among elderly people aged ≥60 in Zhejiang Province

The objective of this study is to assess the current status of vaccination against respiratory disease among the elderly aged ≥60 and analyze the factors influencing vaccination rates at both service provider and recipient levels in Zhejiang Province. Using a stratified random sampling method, a questionnaire survey was conducted from September 2022 to January 2023 among elderly people aged ≥60 in 30 townships/streets in Zhejiang Province, as well as immunization planning staff at the provincial, municipal, county/district, and township/street levels. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the factors related to vaccination among elderly people in Zhejiang Province. Based on the Zhejiang Provincial Comprehensive Management Information System for Vaccine and Vaccination, the systematic coverage rates of influenza vaccine and pneumonia vaccine for the elderly were 21.76% and 4.57%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that advanced age (OR=1.74, 95%CI: 1.51-1.99), knowing that influenza is more severe than the common cold (OR=1.67, 95%CI: 1.37-2.04) and having heard of the influenza vaccine (OR=9.78, 95%CI: 7.03-13.59) were motivating factors for elderly to receive influenza vaccines. Advanced age (OR=1.71, 95%CI: 1.43-2.06), knowing the serious consequences of pneumonia in the elderly (OR=1.93, 95%CI: 1.47-2.55) and knowing that pneumonia vaccines can prevent pneumonia (OR=6.36, 95%CI: 4.84-8.36) were motivating factors for elderly to receive pneumonia vaccines. Zhejiang Immunization Program staff believed that the main reasons why the elderly aged ≥60 would not be vaccinated against influenza or pneumonia were that they felt they would not get sick (55.52% and 56.35% respectively), it would not be serious if get sick (47.73% and 37.46% respectively), lacking trust in vaccine efficacy and safety (38.31% and 43.69% respectively). Vaccination rates for influenza and pneumonia vaccines among the elderly aged ≥60 in Zhejiang Province are suboptimal. Advanced age, awareness of the severity of respiratory diseases and awareness of vaccines against such diseases are related factors for elderly individuals to receive influenza and pneumonia vaccines.

Research on the Integrated Application of Computer Technology and Information Management

Research on the Integrated Application of Computer Technology and Information Management

Blockchain-Powered Education: A Sustainable Approach for Secured and Connected University Systems

The collection and examination of student data, encompassing academic achievements, awards, and certifications, assume an essential function within the field of education as a means of showing students’ capabilities. Nevertheless, it is crucial to note that regular paper-based records are vulnerable to both physical destruction and the act of fabrication, while standard databases can have security holes. Moreover, the process of manually gathering physical papers from centralized organizations is both laborious and complicated. To address the concerns above and foster sustainability in the field of education, this study first suggests using Scorechain. This innovative solution integrates blockchain technology into a comprehensive data-management system for managing all student-related data. Secondly, by utilizing the inherent security features of blockchain technology, Scorechain develops a stable multi-role hierarchy, increasing the integrity and reliability of data. This also facilitates the efficient transfer of information among various stakeholders, including parents, recruiters, and educational institutions, thus fostering transparency and accountability. Lastly, the Scorechain system facilitates collaboration and data exchange among universities inside a shared network. Scorechain was constructed using the Rust programming language and is based on the Substrate blockchain architecture. It underwent careful development, testing, and analysis to ensure operational efficiency. The feasibility and long-term viability of Scorechain in genuine educational contexts are highlighted as blockchain technology facilitates seamless integration into the education sector.

Comprehensive information management system for a medical research cohort biobank based on quality by design

BackgroundWith the development of big health and big data, cohort research has become a medical research hotspot. As an important repository of human genetic resources, biobanks must adapt to the requirements of large-scale and efficient operation. Thus, biobanks urgently need to design and build a legal, convenient, and efficient information management system.MethodsThis study applies the concept of “quality by design” to build a comprehensive biobank information management system based on the analysis of user requirements, legal and regulatory risks, and industry-standard requirements. The system integrates the management of scientific research projects, biological specimens, clinical information, quality control, and multi-dimensional information query and development. After 10 months of its operation, the comprehensive management system was evaluated through statistical analysis of the efficiency of the construction of the pregnancy–birth cohort and the quality of genetic resources.ResultsSince the system’s launch, the statistics on cohort construction efficiency show that the enrollment rate of eligible pregnant women has increased, and the rate of missing volunteers has dropped. The time needed to establish a 1000-person cohort (with complete biological samples and clinical information in early, middle, and late pregnancy) was reduced, and the effective tracking rate of the samples was 77.42%. The error rate of the deep cryogenic refrigerator decreased, with a clinical information integrity rate of 96.47%.ConclusionsThe comprehensive biobank information management system constructed with the “quality by design” concept is well suited to meet the requirements of medical research. This study provides a solution for designing a comprehensive information system for medical institutions’ biobanks.

Economic valuation of seagrass ecosystem in Maribojoc Bay, Bohol, Philippines

Abstract. Mascari?as HJC, Otadoy JB. 2023. Economic valuation of seagrass ecosystem in Maribojoc Bay, Bohol, Philippines. Biodiversitas 24: 4427-4435. The seagrass ecosystem is one of the most productive and precious ecosystems. In the Philippines, however, more data on the economic valuation of all seagrass ecosystem services must be collected. The study estimated the total economic value of the seagrass ecosystem, including use and non-use values. Resource user groups include municipal ?shers, gleaners, and tourism business operators. The sample size was determined based on the total number of resource users in Maribojoc Bay, Bohol, Philippines and using a confidence coefficient of 95% (P = 0.05). The total economic value of the seagrass ecosystem in Maribojoc Bay is PhP 52.8 million (US$ 1.1 million). Direct use values, or market benefits, are PhP 35.4 million (US$ 708 thousand), accounting for 67% of the total economic value. Indirect and non-use values, are PhP 17.3 million (US$ 346 thousand), accounting for 33% of the total economic value. On a per hectare basis, the economic value of the seagrass ecosystem in Maribojoc Bay is PhP 46,722 (US$ 934). The results of this valuation can be an input in decision-making to manage and conserve the seagrass ecosystem as well as maintain the economic security of Maribojoc Bay. The findings of this study are valuable for developing a comprehensive information management and decision-support system for the management and protection of the seagrass ecosystem. However, more research is required to evaluate the range of ecosystem services provided by seagrass ecosystems across the country, focusing on qualitative value attributions linked to the social-ecological dynamics of seagrass systems.

Knowledge Management System for Handcrafted Reog Ponorogo Products

Reog is one of the distinctive cultural practices of Ponorogo. Typically, this art is performed in an open space with many entertainers. Reog Ponorogo enthusiasts will primarily purchase trinkets and handicrafts. Numerous artisans in Reog Ponorogo are members of Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises (MSMEs). However, because of the global Covid-19 pandemic, Reog Ponorogo artisans have encountered numerous challenges, beginning with the procurement of raw materials, and continuing through the production process and marketing. This even put them out of business with the Reog artisans. A knowledge Management System (KMS) is one of the technologies that can be utilized to surmount the problem under these conditions. Knowledge Management System (KMS) is a centralized database utilized to organize, store, and disseminate organizational knowledge with employees and customers. In this study, the KMS was developed to assist MSME actors in acquiring information and knowledge concerning MSME Products in Reog Ponorogo Handicrafts. Currently, information about Reog Ponorogo is widely available in print and digital media, but it is not governed by a comprehensive information management system. Therefore, building KMS for Reog Ponorogo Handicraft MSMEs is still necessary. In this research, a modified variant of the Knowledge Management System Life Cycle (KMSLC) was used to develop the KMS. This research was conducted in multiple phases, including infrastructure evaluation, team formation, knowledge capture, and KMS design. This study contributes to the creation of a knowledge management system for MSME Reog Ponorogo artisans based on the life cycle of knowledge management systems. This study's findings serve as the basis for the Reog Ponorogo craft knowledge management system. Further research can concentrate on developing the Reog Ponorogo UMKM KMS on Android and iOS mobile phones, enhancing the KMS user interface, and granting both experts and UMKM administrative access to the KMS.

Proposed Farm Information Management System Design and Database Management for Recommendation Fertilizer and Financial Record Feature

This study proposes a comprehensive Farm Information Management System (FIMS) design and database management strategy for addressing the specific requirements of Indonesian agriculture, with a particular emphasis on fertilizer recommendation and financial record management. The study employs the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) methodology as a framework for directing the system’s design, development, and implementation. The goal of the FIMS is to provide producers with a user-friendly interface to access accurate fertilizer recommendations based on crop-specific requirements and local soil conditions. Additionally, the system includes a robust financial record function to aid producers in effectively managing their income, expenses, and investments. The proposed SDLC-based approach assures a structured and methodical development process, including requirements analysis, system design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. Using the SDLC methodology, this study seeks to develop a scalable, secure, and interoperable FIMS that can be effectively integrated into Indonesia’s existing agricultural infrastructure. The effectiveness and usability of the proposed system will be determined through extensive testing and evaluation to ensure its suitability and functionality in actual agricultural contexts. Ultimately, the proposed Farm Information Management System, developed using the SDLC method, aims to empower Indonesian farmers with optimized fertilizer recommendations and streamlined financial record management, thereby contributing to sustainable agriculture practices, and enhanced economic incomes for the nations.

A Case Study on Sustainable Quality Assurance in Higher Education

In contemporary academia, accreditation stands as a vital process for universities to uphold their reputation and deliver quality education to students. Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) significantly contribute to this process by enabling institutions to assess their performance in crucial areas, such as student outcomes, faculty engagement, and research effectiveness. To achieve sustainable accreditation, universities necessitate a comprehensive data management system capable of handling extensive data and generating pertinent insights. High-quality education remains paramount for academic institutions to equip students with essential professional skills, thereby enabling societal economic advancement. A sustainable quality management system is an innovative approach emphasizing continuous improvement and long-term planning to enhance an organization’s overall performance and maintain a competitive edge within the sector. This paper presents a case study on sustainable quality assurance in higher education, underscoring the importance of KPIs in accreditation and the need for a robust data management system to ensure sustainability. Additionally, it highlights the significance of delivering high-quality education and the role of a sustainable quality management system in realizing this objective.

Peer-Led Community-Based Support Services and HIV Treatment Outcomes Among People Living With HIV in Wuxi, China: Propensity Score-Matched Analysis of Surveillance Data From 2006 to 2021.

Community-based organizations deliver peer-led support services to people living with HIV. Systematic reviews have found that peer-led community-based support services can improve HIV treatment outcomes; however, few studies have been implemented to evaluate its impact on mortality using long-term follow-up data. We aimed to evaluate the associations between the receipt of peer-led community-based support services and HIV treatment outcomes and survival among people living with HIV in Wuxi, China. We performed a propensity score-matched retrospective cohort study using data collected from the Chinese National HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Information Management System for people living with HIV in Wuxi, China, between 2006 and 2021. People living with HIV who received adjunctive peer-led community-based support for at least 6 months from a local community-based organization (exposure group) were matched to people living with HIV who only received routine clinic-based HIV care (control group). We compared the differences in HIV treatment outcomes and survival between these 2 groups using Kaplan-Meier curves. We used competing risk and Cox proportional hazards models to assess correlates of AIDS-related mortality (ARM) and all-cause mortality. We reported adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio and adjusted hazard ratio with 95% CIs. A total of 860 people living with HIV were included (430 in the exposure group and 430 in the control group). The exposure group was more likely to adhere to antiretroviral therapy (ART; 396/430, 92.1% vs 360/430, 83.7%; P<.001), remain retained in care 12 months after ART initiation (402/430, 93.5% vs 327/430, 76.1%; P<.001), and achieve viral suppression 9 to 24 months after ART initiation (357/381, 93.7% vs 217/243, 89.3%; P=.048) than the control group. The exposure group had significantly lower ARM (1.8 vs 7.0 per 1000 person-years; P=.01) and all-cause mortality (2.3 vs 9.3 per 1000 person-years; P=.002) and significantly higher cumulative survival rates (P=.003). The exposure group had a 72% reduction in ARM (adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio 0.28, 95% CI 0.09-0.95) and a 70% reduction in all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 0.30, 95% CI 0.11-0.82). The nonrandomized retrospective nature of our analysis prevents us from determining whether peer-led community-based support caused the observed differences in HIV treatment outcomes and survival between the exposure and control groups. The receipt of peer-led community-based support services correlated with significantly improved HIV treatment outcomes and survival among people living with HIV in a middle-income country in Asia. The 15-year follow-up period in this study allowed us to identify associations with survival not previously reported in the literature. Future interventional trials are needed to confirm these findings.

Survival and risk factors associated with mortality in people living with HIV from 2005 to 2018 in Nanjing, China.

Although the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) decreased the mortality of people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV), substantially, hundreds of thousands of people are dying of AIDS each year. The accurate survival patterns and factors related to death among PLHIV were rarely reported. In this study, we evaluated survival status and identified factors associated with death among PLHIV in Nanjing. We conducted a retrospective analysis of PLHIV followed-up in Nanjing and registered to the national HIV/AIDS comprehensive management information system from 2005 to 2018. We used the life table to calculate the cumulative survival rates. We applied the Kaplan-Meier to calculate median survival times and employed cox hazard proportional regression to analyze the associated factors related to death. The median survival time of PLHIV was 11.8 (95%CI:11.6-11.9) years from 2005 to 2018. Among 4,235 PLHIV included in this study, 7.5% had died of AIDS-related disease and the AIDS-related mortality rate was 2.0/100 PYs. The cumulative proportion surviving at the end of the interval was 95.2% over the 1st year, 94.0% over the 2nd year, 91.8% over the 5th year, and 85.4% over the 10th year, respectively. PLHIV who unaccepted ART showed a greater risk of death compared to those who accepted ART (AHR = 16.2, 95%CI:11.9~22.2). For baseline CD4 count, compared to CD4 < 200 cell/μL, higher CD4 count was demonstrated as a protective factor, with AHR = 0.2 (95%CI: 0.1~0.3) for ≥500 cell/μL, AHR = 0.3 (95%CI:0.2~0.4) for 350~499 cell/μL, AHR = 0.4 (95%CI:0.3~0.6 for 200~349 cell/μL). In addition, we observed a higher death risk in PLHIV who were screened through outpatient (AHR = 1.6, 95%CI: 1.1~2.2) and inpatient (AHR = 1.6, 95%CI: 1.1~2.5) compared to through VCT; the age of diagnosis was ≥50 years old (AHR = 9.5, 95%CI: 3.7~24.1) and 25~49 years old (AHR = 5.0, 95%CI: 2.0~12.3) compared to ≤ 24 years old; educated from junior and below (AHR = 3.4, 95%CI: 2.3~5.1) and Senior high school (AHR = 1.7, 95%CI: 1.1~2.7) compared to college and above. The AIDS-related mortality among PLHIV in Nanjing was relatively low. A higher risk for AIDS-related deaths were observed among PLHIV who unaccepted ART, whose baseline CD4 cell count was<200 cell/μL, older age, and lower educated.

PAMGuard: Open-source detection, classification, and Localization software

The PAMGuard open-source software project was established in 2006 to provide a toolbox and app for the detection, classification, and localization (DCL) of bioacoustic signals. Releases typically attract between 1500 and 3500 downloads. Primarily developed for marine mammals, users can configure PAMGuard to work with a wide variety of hardware configurations (single hydrophones, to complex 3D arrays) and DCL algorithms, depending on the species of interest. A Java code base and integrated multi-threading allow multiple DCL algorithms to be run in parallel enabling rapid analysis of large acoustic datasets. A comprehensive data management system and a suite of interactive displays then allow users to visualize and annotate resulting data at temporal scales from milliseconds to years. This combination of advanced analysis algorithms and powerful data visualization in both real-time, or reviewing data post-hoc, means PAMGuard provides both automatic and a proven and reliable human-in-the-loop approach to analysis. Developers can use the program’s infrastructure to rapidly develop and deploy new algorithms; recently, an international collaboration has improved support for terrestrial species and developed a new module to import acoustic deep learning models, enabling users to take advantage of PAMGuard’s data management and visualization capabilities alongside the latest automated acoustic classifiers.

Design of Integrated Management System of IPE Instructional Resources Information Based on Artificial Intelligence Environment.

With the development of modern networks and their fast and convenient characteristics, the construction of instructional resources has become the focus of information construction in universities. Based on AI (Artificial intelligence) technology, this paper discusses the software development technology used in the comprehensive management system of IPE instructional resources. According to the application environment and application objects of the system, a comprehensive information management system of IPE instructional resources based on AI technology is constructed. In this paper, a concept similarity algorithm based on semantic similarity and semantic correlation is proposed to calculate the distance between words and establish concept mapping pairs. The semantic analysis of the information input by students is realized, and the proposed concept similarity algorithm is used in the domain ontology knowledge base to search for similar courses and recommend them to students for their choice. The test results show that the stability of this system can reach about 96%, which is about 10% higher than other systems. The comprehensive management system of instructional resources information proposed in this paper will promote educators and learners to find high-quality IPE instructional resources.

Communicating water availability to improve awareness and implementation of water conservation: A study of the 2018 and 2020 drought events in the Republic of Ireland

Public communication on water availability is pivotal in highlighting water conservation needs as droughts impact water resources for critical use, such as drinking water quality and accessibility. This paper presents the results of research into public communication on water availability and the implementation of water conservation measures in the Republic of Ireland. The paper analyses social media (Twitter and Facebook) communication and newspaper publications from 2018 to 2020 on water conservation and drought events, in addition, to undertaking six key stakeholder interviews made up of journalists (n = 4), political representatives (n = 1), and a water and communication expert (n = 1). Our analysis indicates that Irish newspapers' coverage of drought and water availability was greater in 2018 compared to 2020. Uncertainty and risk was also identified as the prevalent frame, used by newspapers to cover drought events. Although the sentiments in communications on drought by the national utility, Irish Water, were scored as positive (63%), its engagement with the public on social media was considerably limited. Accessible information platforms that provides data and information on water resources were also found; nevertheless, no comprehensive national drought information management system nor national drought plan have been developed. Based on our findings, we demonstrate the need for public engagement and collaborative efforts to communicate drought and water conservation measures led by An Fóram Uisce|The Water Forum. Recommendations made in this study also aim to influence decision-making and awareness among stakeholders regarding drought communication on water conservation and resources availability.

Використання інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій при викладанні економічних дисциплін в умовах дистанційного навчання

This article substantiates the relevance of using information and communication technology in the educational process in a distance learning environment. Currently, the introduction of information and communication technology (ICT) in the educational process is a method of its intensification, which allows making learning more descriptive and dynamic. In the context of distance learning, the use of information and communication technologies is a pedagogically justified approach that increases the effectiveness of the educational process, the interest of educational applicants in the formation of professional competencies. The essence of the concepts of «information and communication technology» and «distance learning» is disclosed. Information and communication technologies are defined as a set of different technological tools and resources that are used to support the communication process and the creation, dissemination, conservation and management of information. Distance learning refers to an individualized process of developing the competencies of educational applicants, which occur with the indirect interaction of distant participants in the educational process in a specialized environment that operates on the basis of modern information and communication technologies. The research reveals information and communication technology for distance learning-technology for the creation, accumulation, storage and access to electronic resources of educational disciplines, as well as for the organization and maintenance of the educational process through specialized software and means of information and communication communications. It is determined that the introduction of ICT increases the level of professional competence of future specialists. We have proposed the main directions of using ICT in the practical work of a teacher of economic disciplines in the context of such stages of his work as: in the stage of preparation for the lesson (use of electronic and information resources when teachers create educational and methodological support); when teaching new material (use of knowledge visualization technology - demonstration programs, subject collections, interactive models, dynamic tables, charts and diagrams on Internet resources); during laboratory work using the training programs «BAS: Accounting», «Happy Accountant» etc.; when fixing the material (conducting trainings); for monitoring and verification (performed using testing); while working independently (using online calculators) and distance learning. Information sources (web sites and Internet search engines) are identified as ICT software tools virtual constructors (allow the creation of visual models of mathematical or physical reality and conduct experiments with these models), simulator programs (provide an opportunity for students to improve their professional skills), test environments, comprehensive training packages (e-textbooks and manuals that most automate the learning process) and information management systems (ensuring the flow of information between all participants in the educational process). Examples of the use of ICT in the teaching of economic disciplines for the formation of professional competencies of educational applicants are given.

Description of the criterion of the effectiveness of the function of integrated economic analysis (evaluation) in functionally developed methods of strategic regulation of special purpose by enterprises

It is argued that, when characterizing the purpose of the analysis, it is important to clearly formulate its quality criteria, that is, the indicators by which it is possible to judge the degree and completeness of the purpose. Business policy requires the receipt of comprehensive information for the purposes of a comprehensive information management system with minimal cost of its formation and transformation. Based on this premise, a necessary logical element of a systematic approach in the process of creating a subsystem of analysis should be to determine such a criterion for the quality of its functioning, the magnitude of which could be judged on the advantage of one or another variant of function construction. If the general purpose of the administration subsystem is expressed by its objective function, then the quality criterion is the numerical expression of the objective function. It should be noted that the choice of quality criterion – an indicator that allows to judge the degree and completeness of the goal – is currently one of the most difficult and debatable problems. The formation of such a quality criterion, both for the whole production as a whole, and for various management systems and their parts, raises considerable methodological difficulties. This can be explained by the fact that designers of control systems still do not have a generally recognized quality criterion, to create control systems without which it is very difficult. This situation forces the developers of control systems in each case to put forward some of their quality criteria, not always satisfactory in content, which, in the end, often has a negative impact on the features of the generation of administration structures. It is substantiated that the only correct way to analyze the function of control systems of enterprises will be to find a quality criterion based on a common methodological approach. Proved a key requirement concerning the possibility of establishing functioning quality criterion when creating control systems in enterprises, economic analysis performed in full, rest.

Survival analysis of people living with HIV/AIDS in Sichuan province, 1991-2017

Objective: To analyze the survival time of people living with HIV/AIDS and related influencing factors in Sichuan province during 1991-2017. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the data of 143 988 HIV/AIDS cases. The data were collected from Chinese HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Information Management System. Life table method was used to calculate the survival proportion of the cases, and Cox proportion hazard regression model was used to identify the factors related with survival time. Results: Among 143 988 HIV/AIDS cases a total of 30 420 cases died of AIDS related diseases (21.1%) and the average survival time was 11.51 years (95%CI: 11.39-11.64). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the influencing factors for the survival of HIV/AIDS cases were gender (male vs. female, HR=1.35, 95%CI: 1.32-1.40), education level (primary school or below vs. junior middle school: HR=1.15, 95%CI: 1.12-1.18), ethnic group (Han vs. other ethnic groups, HR=1.46, 95%CI: 1.41-1.52), occupation (farmer vs. other occupations: HR=1.26, 95%CI: 1.22-1.29), age (≥55 years old vs. 15-24 years old: HR=3.18, 95%CI: 3.02- 3.36), disease phase (AIDS vs. HIV infection: HR=1.44, 95%CI: 1.39-1.48), antiretroviral therapy (ART) (receiving ART vs. receiving no ART: HR=0.20, 95%CI: 0.19-0.20), and CD(4)(+)T cell counts at diagnosis (>500 cells/μl vs.<200 cells/μl: HR=0.42, 95%CI: 0.40-0.45). Conclusions: The average survival time of HIV/AIDS cases was 11.51 years in Sichuan during 1991- 2017. The risk factors for the survival of the cases were male, education level of primary school or below, Han ethnic group, farmer, old age at diagnosis, disease phase, The protective factors for the survival of HIV/AIDS cases were receiving ART and higher CD(4)(+) T cell counts at diagnosis.

Spatial-temporal analysis on the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome among permanent residence and migrants in Shanghai, 2005-2015

Objective: To describe the spatial and temporal characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS) in permanent residents and migrants in Shanghai during 2005 to 2015 and provide suggestions for the HIV/AIDS prevention. Methods: The data of HIV/AIDS was collected from the National HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Information Management System based on report date. The population data was collected from the statistical yearbook of Shanghai. Spatial analysis was conducted using the hotspots model in ArcGIS. SaTScan software was employed to determine the distribution of HIV clusters in space, time or both. Results: During 2005 to 2015, a total of 13 498 cases of HIV/AIDS were reported in Shanghai. The prevalence of HIV increased from 0.025/10(5) (450 cases) to 0.093/10(5) (2 236 cases). The prevalence of AIDS increased from 0.002/10(5) (32 cases) to 0.028/10(5) (683 cases). Hotspot analysis showed that the hot spot of incidence of migrants had moved from Hongkou (2005) (Z=2.96, P=0.003) to Changning (2006-2015) (all Z>1.96, P<0.05); whereas the hot spot of incidence of permanent residents had moving from Jinshan (2005-2007) (all Z>2.58, P<0.01) to downtown area (2006-2015) (all Z>1.96, P<0.05). The spatial high clusters of HIV and AIDS were same, including Huangpu, Xuhui, Changning, Jingan, Putuo, Hongkou and Yangpu; The temporal high clusters of HIV cases among permanent residents were 2011 to 2015, and the spatial clusters were Huangpu, Xuhui, Changning, Jingan. The temporal high clusters of HIV cases among migrants were 2014 to 2015, and the spatial clusters was Xuhui, Changning, Jingan. Conclusion: The total HIV/AIDS incidence in Shanghai was clustered in downtown area. The cluster of the incidence of the permanent residents had moving towards that of migrants, indicating the cluster area deserves a close surveillance.

The concept of distribution of powers among accounting entities considering modernization strategy in the public sector of Ukraine

Reformation of accounting in the public sector of Ukraine, which was aimed at adapting to the international standard requirements, led to some inconsistencies related to the division of powers of its subjects. In this regard, it became relevant to study not only the methodology transformation, but also to optimize the powers of accounting subjects. Avoiding duplication of functions will harmonize the accounting system, simplify the mechanisms of data formation and increase the effectiveness of making managerial decisions. The application of the approaches for differentiating the powers of the subjects of accounting and the links between them will improve the quality and informational outgoing credentials, which are subsequently used in making managerial decisions. The study results can serve as the basis for developing a comprehensive information management system for public sector entities aimed at improving their performance.

Status Investigation of Outpatients Receiving Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) in Shanghai from 2005 to 2016.

BackgroundMethadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is an effective measure to control drug abuse, prevent AIDS, and improve family and social functions among those with heroin addiction. Relevant surveys in recent years show that the number of outpatients receiving MMT has a downward trend.AimsTo understand variation in maintenance treatment rates and causes of withdrawal for outpatients receiving MMT in Shanghai since initiation of this program.MethodThis study was a retrospective investigation, with data from the AIDS Comprehensive Prevention and Control Data Information Management System of the China AIDS Prevention and Control Center. Descriptive statistics were used to describe demographic data, treatment maintenance rate, and number of new outpatients receiving MMT in Shanghai From May 2005 to June 2016. The causes of withdrawal were summarized and analyzed.ResultsFrom May 2005 to June 2016, there were a total of 7181 outpatients receiving MMT in Shanghai. These patients were primarily male (male to female ratio around 3:1), young adults (more than 90% of these patients were 25 to 54 years old), with junior high school education level and below (65.4%), single (total of unmarried, divorced and widowed: 63.1%), and unemployed or underemployed (81.5%). The daily dose of methadone in MMT patients showed an upward trend since 2008, and gradually declined after reaching its peak in 2013. The mean (sd) dose of methadone taken in the years studied was 56 (2.75) ml/d. The number of new outpatients increased sharply in 2007 and 2008 (more than 1500), and then decreased year by year. The number of outpatients had increased continuously from 2005 to 2011, with the peak in 2011 (3840 patients), and then decreased gradually. The maintenance rate was stable at over 80% since 2010. The main causes of withdrawal: 1) arrested due to unrelated criminal causes (19.89%), 2) sent to compulsory isolated rehabilitation center due to occasional drug use, and 3) physical reasons (disease/pregnancy/death, 11.80%).ConclusionThe maintenance rate has been kept at a relatively good level since the initiation of the MMT outpatient clinic service in Shanghai. The number of patients receiving treatment showed an increase-then-decrease trend. The main causes of patients’ withdrawal were mainly related to “crime” and “relapse”. In order to make MMT outpatient service better, subsequent studies need to carry out related investigations to understand the causes of these changes and patients reasons for withdrawal.

Survival time of HIV/AIDS cases and related factors in Beijing, 1995-2015

Objective: To analyze the survival time of HIV/AIDS cases and related factors in Beijing from 1995 to 2015. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the data of 12 874 HIV/AIDS cases. The data were collected from Chinese HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Information Management System. Life table method was applied to calculate the survival proportion, and Cox proportion hazard regression model were used to identify the factors related with survival time. Results: Among 12 874 HIV/AIDS cases, 303 (2.4%) died of AIDS related diseases; 9 346 (72.6%) received antiretroviral therapy. The average survival time was 226.5 months (95%CI: 223.0-230.1), and the survival rates of 1, 5, 10, and 15 years were 98.2%, 96.4%, 93.2%, and 91.9% respectively. Multivariate Cox proportion hazard regression model showed that AIDS phase (HR=1.439, 95%CI: 1.041-1.989), heterosexual transmission (HR=1.646, 95%CI: 1.184-2.289), being married (HR=2.186, 95%CI: 1.510-3.164); older age (≥60 years) at diagnosis (HR=6.608, 95%CI: 3.546-12.316); lower CD(4)(+)T cell counts at diagnosis (<350 cells/μl) (HR=8.711, 95%CI: 5.757-13.181); receiving no antiretroviral therapy (ART) (HR=18.223, 95%CI: 13.317-24.937) were the high risk factors influencing the survival of AIDS patients compared with HIV phase, homosexual transmission, being unmarried, younger age (≤30 years), higher CD(4)(+)T cell count (≥350 cell/μl) and receiving ART. Conclusion: The average survival time of HIV/AIDS cases was 226.5 months after diagnoses. Receiving ART, higher CD(4)(+)T cell counts at the first test, HIV phase, younger age, being unmarried and the homosexual transmission were related to the longer survival time of HIV/AIDS cases. Receiving no ART, the lower CD(4)(+)T cell counts at the first test, AIDS phase, older age, being married and heterosexual transmission indicated higher risk of death due to AIDS.