Comprehensive History Research Articles

Need assessment for history-taking instruction program using chatbot for nursing students: A qualitative study using focus group interviews.

A comprehensive health history contributes to identifying the most appropriate interventions and care priorities. However, history-taking is challenging to learn and develop for most nursing students. Chatbot was suggested by students to be used in history-taking training. Still, there is a lack of clarity regarding the needs of nursing students in these programs. This study aimed to explore nursing students' needs and essential components of chatbot-based history-taking instruction program. This was a qualitative study. Four focus groups, with a total of 22 nursing students, were recruited. Colaizzi's phenomenological methodology was used to analyze the qualitative data generated from the focus group discussions. Three main themes and 12 subthemes emerged. The main themes included limitations of clinical practice for history-taking, perceptions of chatbot used in history-taking instruction programs, and the need for history-taking instruction programs using chatbot. Students had limitations in clinical practice for history-taking. When developing chatbot-based history-taking instruction programs, the development should reflect students' needs, including feedback from the chatbot system, diverse clinical situations, chances to practice nontechnical skills, a form of chatbot (i.e., humanoid robots or cyborgs), the role of teachers (i.e., sharing experience and providing advice) and training before the clinical practice. Nursing students had limitations in clinical practice for history-taking and high expectations for chatbot-based history-taking instruction programs.

Understanding not feeling. What is new in the network approach to writing Muslim history? Reflecting on Shahzad Bashir's project “A New Vision for Islamic Pasts and Futures. Interpretive essays on Islamic artifacts, texts, and phenomena entwining over fourteen centuries”.

Abstract. Originally conceived as a short review of Shahzad Bashir's multimedia project on a new vision of the Islamic past and future, in this form this text is more of an analytical overview, focusing not only on the materials themselves, but also on the fundamental problems of writing a comprehensive history of Islam and Muslims in the present. Bashir's bold and technologically ergonomic statement sounds extremely relevant, and the ambitious attempt to cover 14 centuries of Islamic history and the original concept of spatio-temporal contextualisation are genuinely admirable. However, as one reads the material, a number of questions arise about the relationship between form and content in the project in question, the appropriateness of denying metanarratives in the description of Muslim societies, and the influence of the contemporary left-liberal agenda on academic research. Placing Bashir's work in a broad academic and socio-political context contributes to the debate on trends in the development of contemporary knowledge about Islam and Muslims.

Surveillance Capitalism in America ed. by Josh Lauer and Kenneth Lipartito

Reviewed by: Surveillance Capitalism in America ed. by Josh Lauer and Kenneth Lipartito Dolores E. Janiewski (bio) Surveillance Capitalism in America Edited by Josh Lauer and Kenneth Lipartito. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2021. Pp. 288. Inspired and provoked by Shoshona Zuboff's Age of Surveillance Capitalism, the creators of this volume situate contemporary surveillance techniques and institutional imperatives in a history ranging from Caribbean slave plantations to the now ubiquitous digital trackers innocuously called cookies. Challenging Zuboff's origin story that surveillance capitalism started with Google, editors Josh Lauer and Kenneth Lipartito and the other contributors discuss earlier examples of operational methods, economic imperatives, the collection of information, and efforts to control workers, customers, and public opinion. In a telling rebuttal of Adam Smith's "invisible hand," Lauer and Lipartito state that surveillance provides [End Page 230] the market's "eyes and ears" (p. 5). The diverse technologies, bureaucratic processes, and information collection discussed in the chapters that follow their illuminating introduction raise expectations about scope that cannot be fully met in an introduction, nine interventions into a history that spans three centuries, and a brief afterword by Sarah E. Igo. As the editors admit in their introduction's conclusion, the volume marks a "starting point" and an invitation for additional research rather than providing a comprehensive history of capitalist surveillance in America (p. 26). For those who focus on computational architecture, networked devices, and social media's intrusive collection of personal information, the final three chapters discuss the contemporary iterations of surveillance capitalism. In detailing the "war on drugs" in the workplace in the 1980s and 1990s, James Milloy points to the longer-term consequences of subjecting employees to intrusive drug testing as normative. Not only did the acceptance of urinalysis and other screening procedures lead to greater biometric surveillance, but it also turned workers' bodies and social lives into profitable sites for the drug-testing industry. Dan Guadagnolo's exploration of a failed attempt at marketing tobacco to African American consumers comes with a warning that personalized digital advertisements make resistance more difficult by concealing a racial agenda within their digital infrastructure. Meg Leta Jones adds a discussion of cookies and web privacy that attributes the failure of resistance to these recent examples of surveillance capitalism to the history that has created "powerfully entrenched structures, ideas, and mechanisms," which allow social media corporations to evade scrutiny and restrictions to their intrusions on personal privacy (p. 202). Three useful chapters compare historical surveillance methods from slave plantations in the late 1700s and early 1800s and the rivalries between detective agencies in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. According to Caitlin Rosenthal and Cameron Black, slave plantations operated according to a capitalist logic that included what Zuboff identified as the unprecedented social media goal of "behavioral modification." They add bureaucratic record keeping, enslaved watchmen, and media to this form of surveillance capitalism. As they note, the Jamaica Watchman, an antislavery newspaper, conducted countersurveillance on planters to suggest the difficulties of controlling the circulation of intelligence. Richard K. Popp jumps forward a half century to document a publishing company's collection of names and personal data using the postal service and correspondence to turn lists of names into "new forms of commoditized identity" (p. 63). Jamie L. Pietruska's analysis of paperwork, bureaucracy, and surveillance discusses the Pinkerton National Detective Agency's investigation of competitors who used the family's name by creating a documentary archive on their allegedly fraudulent rivals as an essential part of a surveillance infrastructure that used filing systems and cabinets instead of algorithms to defeat their adversaries. [End Page 231] Successive chapters analyze a twentieth-century economy where workers in customer-focused occupations lost their ability to express their authentic feelings while being subjected to surveillance by managers and the public as emotional labor became a job requirement. Viewing the emphasis on courtesy as a strategy to create a favorable public opinion and fend off government ownership, Daniel Robert extends the reach of capitalist surveillance from the open office to telephone conversations, homes, and the visible expression of emotions as technology and corporate strategy entrenched private ownership. Megan J. Elias finds that hotels demanded...

Ohlas od Nežárky a jeho podíl na poznání regionální a lokální historie na příkladu dějin Stráže nad Nežárkou a pánů ze Stráže

Ohlas od Nežárky was one of the longest-running regional cultural weeklies. It was a periodical for education and entertainment that paid considerable attention to (not only regional and local) history. Because of the high quality of the diverse texts published in it by a wide variety of professionals and experts, it is mentioned in, for example, Přehledné dějiny českého a slovenského dějepisectví [Comprehensive History of Czech and Slovak Historiography]. A list of articles from individual issues of the regional mass medium of the time in question has already been published, but we still lack detailed analyses of its articles on selected sites and problems. These include the history of Stráž nad Nežárkou, which has not been covered in any modernly conceived publication, and the fate of the lords of the blue five-petalled rose. In his article, the author deals with both. He analyses the content of published texts on the specific issues and their informative value in the contemporary context and in light of the knowledge of contemporary historical disciplines. He also draws attention to the informative, methodological, genre and formal approaches of individual contributors.

Buerger's disease: early detection to minimize progression

Background: Delays in the diagnosis of Buerger's disease are common. Its rare cases and lack of information about risk factors and signs and symptoms of the disease are thought to be the causes. This study aims to report and discuss findings of delays in the diagnosis of Buerger's disease cases experienced by two patients over many years.Case presentation: we report two cases of male patients aged 58 and 60 with a long history of smoking at a young age. Both complained of the same symptoms: pain in the tips of the fingers and toes and unhealed wounds. They have suffered from them for years with a history of repeated treatments and got various diagnoses.Conclusion: A comprehensive medical history, supportive physical examination, and angiography diagnostic can prevent delays in diagnosing Buerger's disease and thus minimize disease progression.

Pre-Revolutionary Trends of Industrial Architecture: Moscow Power Plants

The article explores the evolution of the architectural style and artistic and aesthetic features of the first Moscow power plants (Georgievskaya (1888), Raushskaya (1897) and Tramvainaya (1907)) during the period of active industrial development at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The article aims to identify trends in the pre-revolutionary industrial architecture of Moscow, as well as to supplement the history of architecture with new information about the architecture of power plants.The main advantage of the article is a comprehensive art history research of the power plants’ architecture, undertaken for the first time. The author compares the Russian practice with the design experience in Europe and the USA and examines the issues of historical modernizations and modern reconstructions of objects. There are applied the methods of comparative and typological analysis, as well as the art criticism method of stylistic analysis. The article establishes that there was a gradual transition from the “brick” style to the functional design method in industrial architecture: new buildings were characterized by a reduction in decor, the use of metal trusses, an increase in the area of glazing and its use as an expressive component. The results of the research show that, by the example of the first Russian power plants’ architecture, it is possible to trace the formation of industrial practices in the country and analyze the prerequisites of the GOELRO Plan, subsequently developed by the avant-garde architects. Nowadays, the power plants, being significant architectural monuments, remain an important part of the urban infrastructure, often acquiring a new format of life after revitalization: Raushskaya is the oldest operating plant in Russia, and Georgievskaya and Tramvainaya continue their existence as cultural spaces. The study of the heritage of industrial architecture helps to determine the historical and cultural value of the buildings around us, which is necessary for their preservation.

REPRESENTATIVE EYE DISEASES AND THEIR PREVALENCE IN SAUDI ARABIA

Many patients with symptomatic eye conditions present initially to their primary care physician. Eye issues account for 2-3% of all primary care office visits. Knowing how to respond when these patients come is critical for the family physician, as is knowing when to refer them to an ophthalmologist for additional care. Family doctors should be able to spot eye disorders that can cause vision loss and necessitate an immediate referral to an ophthalmologist. A comprehensive history and physical examination are essential in reaching a diagnosis and determining the severity of the eye problem. Visual changes, length of symptoms, presence or absence of a foreign body, history of trauma or recent eye surgery, and concomitant symptoms such as a headache, nausea, or ocular discharge should all be addressed in the history. Almost 50% of all eye disorders presented to a family physician. Comprehensive treatment of such conditions can often be provided in the primary care setting. Patients with persistent or severe conditions, particularly those involving foreign bodies and corneal abrasions due to high-velocity injuries, should be referred for immediate care by an ophthalmologist. This review aims to review most prevalent eye complaints in primary health care centers in Saudi Arabia.

Vulvodynie: een uitdaging voor artsen

Vulvodynia: a challenge for physicians Vulvodynia is characterized by vulvar pain present for at least 3 months and for which no other cause can be found. The complaints can be localized, generalized or mixed, may occur spontaneously or be provoked, primary or secondary, intermittently or continuously, and immediately after the triggering stimulus or delayed. The underlying pathogenesis mainly involves hyperinnervation and hypersensitization of both the peripheral and central nervous systems. This is elicited by an abnormal response to an initial trigger. The diagnosis is made through a comprehensive history and clinical examination using the cotton swab test. Other causes for the complaints must be excluded. Treatment requires an individual and multidisciplinary approach and a lot of patience. Comprehensive counselling of the patient about the expected duration and results of the treatment is crucial, so that realistic expectations are set. In primary care, attention should mainly be paid to behavioural changes regarding vulva care. In addition, psycho- and physiotherapy are indispensable. To this date, there is little evidence for the added value of drug therapy compared to a placebo. Experts recommend a topical treatment first. In second line, a switch can be made to oral therapy or local injections. Surgery can be an effective treatment, but given its invasive nature, it should only be considered if other treatments have not been successful. Alternative treatments include acupuncture and hypnosis.

Comprehensive profile and natural history of pediatric patients with spinal muscular atrophy: A large retrospective study from China.

There is a large population of people with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) in China, and new disease-modifying therapies have become available recently. However, comprehensive data on the management and profile of treatment-naive SMA patients in China are still lacking. As a retrospective study, a large cohort of treatment-naive patients with clinical and genetic diagnoses of 5q SMA were enrolled, ranging from neonatal to 18 years old, from the Neurology Department of Children's Hospital of Fudan University between January 2013 and December 2020. The data regarding their clinical presentations, genetic defects, motor function assessment results, and follow ups were reviewed. We enrolled 392 SMA patients (male: female = 189: 203): 1a = 46, 1b = 44, 1c = 31, 2a = 119, 2b = 56, 3a = 52, 3b = 14, from 27 of the 34 administrative districts in China, and 389 patients harbored homozygous deletion of exon 7 in the SMN1 gene (99.2%). The median age of onset was 0.08 (range: 0-0.30), 0.25 (0.06-0.60), 0.42 (0.08-1.50), 0.67 (0.07-5.08), 1.0 (0.40-1.83), 1.5 (1.00-3.00), and 4.04 (1.80-12.00) years old for SMA 1a, 1b, 1c, 2a, 2b, 3a, and 3b patients, while the median age of first assessment was 0.25 (0.08-2.60), 0.42 (0.17-1.90), 0.80 (0.17-4.5), 2.50 (0.5-15.83), 2.92 (1.08-13.42), 4.25 (1.58-17.33), and 7.34 (3.67-14.00) years old, respectively. Patients were followed up with for up to 15.8 years. The median event-free survival time was 7 months, 15 months, and indeterminate in SMA 1a, 1b, and 1c patients (p < 0.0001), with a better survival situation for higher SMN2 copies (p = 0.0171). The median age of sitting loss was 5.75 years and 13.5 years in SMA 2a and 2b (p = 0.0214) and that of ambulation loss was 9.0 years and undefined in SMA 3a and 3b (p = 0.0072). Cox regression analysis showed that higher SMN2 copies indicated better remaining ambulation in SMA 3. The median time to develop orthopedic deformities was 4.5, 5.2, and 10.1 years in SMAs 1c, 2, and 3, respectively (p < 0.0001), with a possible trend of better preservation of joint function for patients under regular rehabilitation (p = 0.8668). Our study elucidated insight into the comprehensive management and profile of different types of SMA patients in China, providing a clinical basis for assessing the efficacy of new therapies.

Changes in genital Human Papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence among urban females a decade after the Malaysian HPV vaccination program.

To increase the coverage of HPV vaccination, Malaysia implemented a national school-based vaccination program for all 13-year-old girls in 2010. Two years later, a clinic-based catch-up program was started for 16 to 21-year-old girls. We assessed the prevalence of a range of HPV genotypes, among a sample of urban women within the age groups of 18-24 and 35-45 years in 2019-2020, a decade into the national vaccination program. The HPV prevalence was then compared to that reported in an unvaccinated population in 2013-2015. We sampled a total of 1134 participants, comprising of 277 women aged 18-24 years and 857 women aged 35-45 years, from several urban clinics in the state of Selangor. Participants provided a self-acquired vaginal sample for HPV genotyping. Comprehensive sociodemographic and vaccination history were collected. The HPV vaccination coverage among women in the younger age group increased from 9.3% in 2013-2015 to 75.5% in 2019-2020. The prevalence of vaccine-targeted HPV16/18 decreased 91% (CI: 14.5%-99.0%) among the younger women, from 4.0% in 2013-2015 to 0.4% in 2019-2020. There was also an 87% (CI: 27.5%-97.5%) reduction in HPV6/11/16/18. There was no difference in the prevalence of non-vaccine targeted HPV genotypes among younger women. The HPV prevalence among older women, for both vaccine targeted and non-vaccine targeted genotypes in 2019-2020, did not differ from 2013-2015. The observed decline in prevalence of vaccine-targeted HPV genotype among younger women a decade after the national HPV vaccination program is an early indication of its effectiveness in reducing the burden of cervical cancer.

Evaluation of the clinical pharmacist services at a gynaecological oncology preadmission clinic

BackgroundPharmacists working in the multidisciplinary gynaecological oncology pre-admission clinic (PAC) are involved in the perioperative assessment of patients for a comprehensive medication history and information provision regarding withholding of medications before surgery. ObjectiveTo evaluate the current services provided by pharmacists to multidisciplinary staff and patients attending the PAC. MethodsA staff and a patient feedback survey on the value and impact of PAC pharmacy services were distributed within the PAC. The impact of the PAC pharmacist was also assessed by analysing pharmacist interventions and key performance indicators documented. ResultsFifteen staff responses were recorded, 5 nursing staff, 2 midwives and 8 anaesthetists. Eighty-seven percent (n = 13) strongly agreed or agreed that pharmacists at PAC help reduce medication errors on admission. Staff strongly agreed 73% (n = 11) pharmacists obtain a more accurate medication history. Staff reported benefits in having a pharmacist at the clinic to discuss medication related questions with 87% (n = 13) strongly agreeing or agreeing with the statement. A staff overall satisfaction rating of 4.87 out of 5 was recorded. In the patient survey, respondents (n = 6) gave a 4.83 out of 5 rating in confidence in making changes to their medication and their overall satisfaction with the service provided. In reviewing data from January to June 2022, the number of patients seen by the pharmacist were 178 of 681 patients (26.1%) who attended the clinic. The most common medications involved in the pharmacist intervention include those that were advised to be withheld and those that required other changes to therapy prior to their procedure. ConclusionThe role of a PAC pharmacist can be greatly appreciated by the multidisciplinary team and patients. Pharmacist interventions and key performance indicators have demonstrated the important activities of clinical pharmacy services in the PAC in optimising patient care in medication management.

Scars of War: The Politics of Paternity and Responsibility for the Amerasians of Vietnam by Sabrina Thomas

<i>Scars of War: The Politics of Paternity and Responsibility for the Amerasians of Vietnam</i> by Sabrina Thomas

Common Sleep Disorders Affecting Older Adults.

Sleep disorders in older adults increase with aging, likely due to increased sleep latency, decreased sleep efficiency, and total sleep time. Common sleep issues include chronic insomnia, circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, sleep-related movement disorders, and sleep-disordered breathing. Diagnostic tools, such as a comprehensive sleep history and questionnaires, or a sleep log for more specific complaints, are commonly used. Polysomnography is not recommended as a routine test; however, it can be used for abnormal behaviors during sleep or if treatment fails. Sleep disorder management is based on the etiology and may include nonpharmacological and pharmacological alternative treatments. For example, nonpharmacological management for chronic insomnia and some sleep disorders may consist of cognitive behavioral therapy, sleep hygiene education, relaxation therapy, sleep restriction, light therapy, and stimulus control therapy. Because the quality of evidence for pharmacological treatment is poor, the medication choice should be based on shared decision-making between the practitioner and the patient, with limited prescription.

Rectal intussusception: Medical management and timing of the decision to operate

Rectal Intussusception (RI) occurs when the rectal wall telescopes distally without prolapse past the anal verge during defecation and occurs as the result of abnormal rectal wall biomechanics. Symptoms are variable though ¾ of patients with high grade intussusception report straining, incomplete emptying and the need for manual assistance during evacuation. The diagnosis of RI requires a comprehensive clinical history, physical exam and dynamic imaging of evacuation with MR or fluoroscopic defecography. Phenotypic grading is important as low-grade, non-obstructing RI may not significantly contribute to symptoms and outcomes following surgery in this group is poor. Initial management should focus on improving stool form and evacuatory dynamics in conjunction with biofeedback if there associated dyssynergia. Surgery should only be considered in those patients with high-grade intussusception and symptoms resistant to medical therapies after appropriate counselling regarding the risks and benefits of intervention.

An Advanced, Risk-Driven Sexual Health Curriculum for First-Year Internal Medicine Residents.

Despite recommendations for annual chlamydia screening for young, sexually active females, chlamydia rates continue to increase nationally. Medical school students often receive limited training in obtaining comprehensive, risk-based sexual histories, leading to less screening for sexually transmitted illnesses (STIs). Consequently, many internal medicine (IM) residents feel unprepared for advanced sexual history taking and site-specific STI testing based on sexual practices. We developed a case-based interactive didactic session for IM and med/peds residents. We focused on more advanced topics, such as comprehensive sexual history taking, secondary site testing for STIs, and patient counseling. Based on pre- and postcurriculum surveys, interns reported increases in comfort (scale: 1 = very low comfort, 5 = very high comfort) with counseling after positive STI results (Ms: pre = 2.9, post = 3.5, p < .01) and providing education on safe sex practices (Ms: pre = 3.0, post = 3.6, p < .01) and modest improvement in comfort with expedited partner therapy (EPT; Ms: pre = 2.1, post = 2.5, p = .06). An increase in self-reported confidence with collecting site-specific testing (composite Ms: pre = 2.7, post = 3.5, p < .01) was also seen. Percentage correct on knowledge questions increased from 48% to 78% postcurriculum (p = .01). This curriculum demonstrated improvement in knowledge and comfort with sexual history taking, STI screening, and counseling. Comfort also improved with EPT counseling, but not significantly, which could be addressed in future iterations of the curriculum.

Consultation in out-of-hours practice: a clinical review of Lyme disease

In this article Sharon Brydon and Dr Sonya MacVicar highlight the importance of reaching a shared decision with the patient understanding the perceived risk and benefits of treatment In recent times, telephone triage and virtual consultation have been expedited in the out-of-hours urgent primary care setting. This brings challenges concerning gaining a comprehensive history and building a therapeutic relationship between nurse prescriber and patient. This article presents a clinical review of Lyme disease to explore consultation models and how implementing a hybrid consultation approach may support the practitioner to develop safe prescribing practices and optimise patient expectations. This review of Lyme disease management highlights the sparse, low-quality evidence available, with national guidance indicating antimicrobial treatment for those who present with an erythema migrans rash prior to laboratory testing confirmation. This reinforces the importance of reaching a shared decision with the patient understanding the perceived risk and benefits of treatment. The factors discussed include Lyme disease prevention and how the practitioner ensures safety netting in the out-of-hours setting.

Freedom Seekers: Fugitive Slaves in North America, 1800–1860 by Damian Alan Pargas

Pargas’ thoughtful new book is not quite what it seems. Its title notwithstanding, Freedom Seekers: Fugitive Slaves in North America, 1800–1860 is not a comprehensive new history of fugitivity from North American slavery. It does not attend to every variety of freedom seeking; military service with the British during the War of 1812 in return for postwar liberty is, for instance, noticeably absent. Nor does it assess the political significance of freedom seeking in the sectional crisis and the coming of the Civil War. Instead, Pargas has delivered something no less useful—a new and conceptually powerful spatial analysis of fugitivity. Taking a continental approach, Pargas delineates three spaces of freedom for African Americans seeking liberty from slavery: (1) spaces of informal freedom, (2) spaces of semiformal freedom, and (3) spaces of formal freedom.This differentiation is fresh yet wholly intuitive. Spaces of informal freedom were those locations within nineteenth-century slave states in which enslaved people could try to pass for free by disguising their identities and origins—urban centers like New Orleans and Baltimore, or maroon communities like those in Virginia and South Carolina. Spaces of semiformal freedom encompassed those states north of the Mason–Dixon line in which legislatures (or, occasionally, the judiciary) had begun the process of abolishing slavery. Fugitives from slavery arriving in these jurisdictions could live in de facto freedom, though the threat of capture and rendition under the terms of federal fugitive slave laws meant that that their liberty was fragile and potentially reversible. In contrast, the only reliable guarantees of formal freedom for fugitives from slavery existed beyond the borders of the antebellum United States, typically in British Canada and Mexico.Pargas’ tripartite territorial typology certainly has its limitations. The legal jeopardy of those who escaped slavery by manumission was more modest than that of those who simply took to their heels; the emancipatory experiences of these two groups should not be confused or collapsed. Likewise, in stark contrast to those who resettled in southern Ohio or southern Pennsylvania, fugitives who escaped to the most northerly regions of the free soil states—say, New England, Michigan, or Wisconsin—generally enjoyed robust protection from re-enslavement before the passage of Fugitive Slave Law of 1850. Furthermore, Canada and Mexico achieved free-soil status only belatedly—Mexico in 1829 and Canada in a drawn-out process that was not complete until 1834—and quality of life for Black newcomers to these two legal sanctuaries varied enormously.Nonetheless, by imposing coherence on something that was, in his own estimation, “messy and exceedingly complicated,” Pargas provides scholars and students alike with a clear and usable set of tools to think about space, migration, and security (7). To do so, he musters an array of methods and approaches. On the one hand, Freedom Seekers is a legal and constitutional history of Black liberty in which statutes and court cases loom predictably large. On the other hand, it is also a human history attentive to motivation, opportunity, and contingency. Black actors from James Somerset to Margaret Morgan play prominent roles throughout; Pargas takes pains to remind readers that enslaved people were never passive passengers on the Underground Railroad. Quite the contrary. They were self-emancipators. They freed themselves.Freedom Seekers is never flashy. The language is generally flat; no one would ever mistake Pargas’ prose for poetry. Some of the terminology (for instance, slaves, masters, and runaways) is also unhelpful and outdated. Yet the analytical payload delivered between these covers is remarkable. Pargas’ book not only builds upon his 2018 edited volume about the same subject but also effectively synthesizes the profusion of recent work about practical abolition by Baumgartner, Harrold, Walker, Blackett, Churchill, and many others.1

Education in Black and White: Myles Horton and the Highlander Center's Vision for Social Justice

Education in Black and White: Myles Horton and the Highlander Center's Vision for Social Justice

Österreichische Zeitgeschichte—Zeitgeschichte in Österreich: Eine Standortbestimmung in Zeiten des Umbruchs ed. by Marcus Gräser and Dirk Rupnow

Reviewed by: Österreichische Zeitgeschichte—Zeitgeschichte in Österreich: Eine Standortbestimmung in Zeiten des Umbruchs ed. by Marcus Gräser and Dirk Rupnow Tim Corbett Marcus Gräser and Dirk Rupnow, eds., Österreichische Zeitgeschichte—Zeitgeschichte in Österreich: Eine Standortbestimmung in Zeiten des Umbruchs. Vienna: Böhlau, 2021. 872 pp. It is difficult in such a brief review to do justice to an almost nine-hundred-page volume showcasing the work of forty-six individual scholars. Yet the very size of the volume and the breadth of topics addressed therein already speaks to the vibrancy of the field of Austrian contemporary history, which here seems to be consensually defined as reaching from 1918 and the dissolution of the Habsburg Monarchy into the present day. As illustrated in an amusing quote by the pioneering historian Erika Weinzierl, this means that the field in its most contemporary forms comes up "hart an der Grenze zum Journalismus" (cited in Marcus Gräser's contribution, 53). The volume is divided into three thematic categories. "Epochen und Zäsuren" covers historical eras from the First Republic through to Austria in its European Union years. "Felder und Themen" addresses issues within contemporary history as varied as gender, postcolonialism, and sports. And lastly, "Verhältnisse" explores the entanglement of the field with other areas of inquiry such as the economy, environment, politics, culture, and law, as well as with non-university institutions like archives and museums. Readers in search of a comprehensive history of Austria from World War I to the present will be disappointed, for this is not a work of history per se but rather an overview of actors, approaches, and points of discussion underlying the development of the field since its inception in the 1950s and 1960s and the appertaining bodies of historiography. As such, this volume will be most [End Page 95] useful as a reference work for scholars and students working in contemporary Austrian history and related fields and could be viewed as something of a primer on related discourses. Indeed, the self-reflexivity of the volume is one of its most laudable features—given that history as a discipline in this respect can be notoriously stuffy in comparison to other fields in the humanities, as evinced for example in the almost neurotic avoidance of the first-person pronoun in historiographic writing (as though this obviated the subjectivity of the historian as an individual researcher and author). The contributors to this volume are for the most part refreshingly self-aware of their place within a sociopolitical continuum conditioned not only by their own ideological leanings but also personal networks, funding landscapes, and institutional entanglements. Perhaps the most interesting finding in this respect is the relative absence of controversy in this field over the decades, a curiosity explained by various authors through the close personal relationships underlying this comparatively small discipline on the one hand and the postwar schism between left-and right-wing narratives (commonly called Koalitionsgeschichtsschreibung) on the other (see especially the introduction, 15–16, and the somewhat anecdotal reflections of the historian emeritus Helmut Konrad, 30–31, to whose life work this volume is essentially dedicated). Another conspicuous facet of this monumental work is its near-exclusive focus on the inner-Austrian, German-language dimension of the field. The authors appear to have been selected exclusively from inner-Austrian contexts and the historiographies addressed focus predominantly on inner-Austrian research—a reference in the introduction (12) to the large number of German nationals in the field (including the two editors) notwithstanding. This appears strange considering the significant number of individuals and institutions outside Austria, especially in the English-speaking world, specializing in modern Austrian history, culture, and society, including a number of leading publications such as this very journal (despite its traditional focus on literary scholarship, JAS does regularly touch on key issues in contemporary Austrian history, too). This struck me especially with regard to my own area of specialization, namely modern Jewish history in Austria. Following decades of silence and erasure in the aftermath of the Holocaust, scholarly interest in Jewish Austrian history was reignited in the 1980s by a range of English-language scholars such as Marsha Rozenblit, George Berkley, Robert...

Fellatio associated palatal petechiae: An accidental finding

Objective: Oral lesions can develop from variable etiological factors. So it is of utmost importance to obtain a comprehensive history and oral examination. Fellatio is commonly practiced sexual act, in which the penis is placed into the mouth of another person and may result in submucosal hemorrhage of the palate. The lesions are asymptomatic and typically appear on the soft palate. Description: In this report we report a case of a 57 year old woman who presented with an incidental erythema- tous lesion about 3 cm with a clear centre on her soft palate during her dental visit. Conclusion: As the patients may be unaware of the etiology of the lesions and when they hesitate to provide the details of the sexual history, it is important that the clinician should have a high index of suspicion based on the patient’s clinical presentation.