Comprehensive Development Plan Research Articles

An Analysis of Land Rights for Slum Dwellers

Human rights, under article 21 of the Indian constitution protects the Slum dwellers and forced Eviction violates the fundamental right of millions of people living in slums. The Constitution of India and the universal declaration of human rights give slum dwellers the right to choose their place of residence, and the right to a healthy life. However, the absence of a comprehensive development plan for slums is accelerating a spatial divide. The right not to be forcibly evicted is an element of the human right to adequate housing.

Langkawi's Ecological and Economic Renaissance: A Study of Blue and Green Opportunities

This article delves into the potential of the blue and green sectors situated in Langkawi Island, Malaysia. With its abundant marine and terrestrial resources, the island needs to strike a balance between its economic growth and environmental preservation imperatives. By leveraging the potential of green and blue sectors such as tourism, fisheries, renewable energy, agriculture, and forestry, Langkawi Island can serve as a model for responsible development, all while preserving its innate natural beauty and biodiversity. A survey was conducted involving 104 local respondents at various attraction points across Langkawi Island to assess the progress of these sectors. Overall, the respondents were predominantly in agreement regarding the impacts of development stemming from both the blue and green economies, coupled with the positive spill-over effects witnessed on the island. The descriptive findings indicate that the potential for growth within these blue and green economies is promising, buoyed by anticipation from both governmental and private sectors. As such, it becomes imperative for policymakers to formulate a comprehensive development plan that can adequately bolster the expansion of these sectors. This preparation will be crucial in ensuring the sustainable growth of Langkawi Island's blue and green economies, ultimately fostering a harmonious coexistence between economic progress and environmental conservation.

РАЗВИТИЕ ГОРОДА НА ОСНОВЕ КОНКУРСНОЙ ЗАЯВКИ ПО МАЛЫМ ГОРОДАМ И ИСТОРИЧЕСКИМ ПОСЕЛЕНИЯМ

Abstract. The article is a study devoted to the development and implementation of the project "Tatar legends – to the city by the old road along Commune Street" in the city of Arsk. The study is based on the analysis of surveys of residents who identified the need for improvement and development of the route, as well as the identification of problems existing in the project area.
 The subject of the study: The reconstruction of the Commune Street in the city of Arsk on the basis of its comprehensive strategic development plan, which includes effective management strategies, sustainable infrastructure development and the promotion of cultural and social events to attract tourism and increase the economic potential of the city.
 Materials and methods: During the study, an analysis of the existing urban infrastructure was applied to identify critical issues requiring improvement in the city of Arsk, a survey and collection of feedback from residents to determine their needs and preferences for urban development.
 Results: The article describes the proposed solutions, which include the creation of convenient sidewalks, lighting, bike paths, the construction of a new bridge and the reorganization of the intersection. The restoration of the identity of the station square and the development of the historical space are also being considered. The authors emphasize the importance of the project for the city of Arsk and its potential to improve infrastructure and attract tourists. Landscaping of the territory will allow for various events such as wedding ceremonies, fairs and festivals, which helps to increase the attractiveness of the city. The article presents the financing of the project and the projected revenues from the operation of the projected territory, as well as its connection with the development of municipal districts. It is expected that the implementation of the project will lead to positive and long-term changes in the city of Arsk, contributing to its economic development.
 Conclusions: The study presents important practical and theoretical results, supported by data from surveys of residents and proposed solutions to improve the infrastructure of the city of Arsk and its development as a tourist destination.

A study and an analysis of the competitiveness of the enterprise: the case of Utum +

This article contains research materials on the analysis of the competitiveness of the construction company Utum-Stroy OOO, which is a structural component of Utum+ Group of Companies. This organization is one of the largest representatives of the industry, operating on the market for more than 20 years. The paper presents the characteristics of the activities of this organization, identifies the main competitors, evaluates the level of competitiveness of the organization and develops recommendations for improving its activities. The paper considers the current state of the industry in the city of Yakutsk, as well as internal and external factors affecting the competitiveness of this organization. In addition, analytical calculations are presented to assess the level of competitiveness of Utum-Stroy OOO and an analysis of the activities of the main competitors of this organization is carried out. The presented calculations were carried out for the previous year, which contributes to obtaining the most up-to-date data. The analysis of the competitiveness of Utum-Stroy OOO was carried out in accordance with generally accepted scientific methods, including the express analysis using the Porter method and the PEST analysis of the competitive environment of the organization. Based on the results of the calculations, an assessment of the level of competitiveness of the organization is presented, a list of problems that exist in the organization is determined. Based on the results of the analytical work, the authors developed a list of recommendations, the application of which can increase the competitiveness of the analyzed organization and the effectiveness of the organization’s activities. The content of the recommendations is aimed at improving the management and analytical activities, marketing strategy of the organization’s development. According to the findings, the relevance of the study was confirmed and the need for additional research was noted in order to develop a comprehensive development plan for Utum-Stroy OOO.

CONCEPTUAL PREREQUISITES AND PRINCIPLES FOR CHANGING THE DESIGNATED PURPOSE OF INDUSTRIAL LAND OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES

Developing territories in accordance with the principles of sustainable land development is easier and more effective together with the people who directly use these lands, as well as executive authorities, who, with the involvement of the public, know, understand, and implement changes. For reasonable and prompt decision-making on land issues, the territorial communities must have up-to-date information support with data about all land parcels and property within the boundaries of territorial community. Industrial lands deserve special attention, because due to their rational use, it is possible to achieve an increase revenue to local budgets. Today, the state of industrial lands in Ukraine is negatively affected by the presence of a significant number of industries that require modernization, including infrastructural transformations with the provision of further balanced consideration of the ecological component of the territories' sustainability. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the principles of determining and changing the target designation of industrial lands within the territorial communities to improve their functioning and ensure their competitiveness. The development of urban planning documentation is a mandatory prerequisite for changing the purpose of industrial land of the territorial community to another purpose and vice versa. Management of the development of territories today directly depends on the planning structure and functional zoning of settlements. The changes of legal acts should have been taken effect from July 2021, but inconsistencies were found in the legislation of Ukraine, which relate to the functional zones approved by the comprehensive spatial development plan of the territory of territorial communities, within which the change of purpose must take place. Due to the introduction of martial law in Ukraine, the pace of development of urban planning and land management documentation slowed down, and as a result, today there is no any approved comprehensive spatial development plan. That is, it has been 2 years since the changes came into effect, but the change of the land purpose is carried out according to the old procedure with the development of land management documentation. Taking into account the above-mentioned components, the authors identified three main prerequisites for changing the target purpose: 1. The needs of industrial enterprises in the context of modern economic challenges. Changes in technology and production practices may require adaptation of land use to ensure the efficient functioning and competitiveness of enterprises. 2. Integration of social aspects into the decision-making process. It is important to consider the impact of these changes on local communities and ensure citizen participation in the process of determining the future use of industrial land. 3. The need to settle environmental issues. The change of purpose must take into account the potential effects on the environment and natural resources. Based on the prerequisites described above, the authors developed the principles of industrial land transformation, which take into account the principles of sustainable development. By following the developed principles, stakeholders can guide the transformation of industrial land in a way that maximizes benefits, minimizes negative impacts and promotes sustainable development.

Advancing PetroChina’s Development Strategies for Low-Permeability Oil Reservoirs

Based on PetroChina’s status and situation of low-permeability oil reservoir development, this paper analyzes the key common issues in the production capacity construction of new oilfields, the stable production of old oilfields, and enhanced oil recovery, and, in connection with the progress made in major development technologies and the results of major development tests for low-permeability oil reservoirs in recent years, puts forward the technical countermeasures and development directions. For optimizing the development of low-grade reserves, a comprehensive life-cycle development plan is essential, alongside experimenting with gas injection and energy supplementation in new fields. Addressing challenges in reservoir classification, multidisciplinary sweet spot prediction, and displacement–imbibition processes can significantly boost well productivity. In fine water flooding reservoirs, the focus should shift to resolving key technological challenges like dynamic heterogeneity characterization, and functional and nano-intelligent water flooding. For EOR, accelerating the application of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) advancements, along with air injection thermal miscible flooding, and middle-phase microemulsion flooding, is crucial. This approach aims to substantially enhance recovery and establish a new model of integrated secondary and tertiary recovery methods.

Financial Literacy and Retirement Readiness for Oil and Gas Indonesian Expatriates in Qatar

Expatriates are individuals who reside outside their country of origin. Their occupation is characterized as high-density, intricate, and more demanding than domestic work (Shin, 2007). In Qatar, expatriates have been employed in the oil and gas industry since 1940. However, in December 2015, Qatar Petroleum, like numerous other organizations in the oil and gas sector, encountered challenges during the period of 2015-2016 due to a sharp decline in global oil prices. The decline in oil prices during this period was primarily driven by a combination of factors, including oversupply in the global oil market, reduced demand, and geopolitical factors. These circumstances exerted significant financial pressure on many oil and gas companies worldwide, including Qatar Petroleum. To alleviate the financial impact of plummeting oil prices, many oil and gas companies had to implement cost-cutting measures, frequently involving layoffs and workforce reductions. These measures were taken to decrease operating expenses and maintain financial stability during low oil prices. In addition to this, Qatar 2008 introduced Vision 2030, which serves as a comprehensive and long-term development plan for the nation. This plan outlines Qatar's objectives and aspirations across various sectors, including economic, social, environmental, and cultural development, with a particular emphasis on sustainability and economic diversification. The leadership of Qatar presented this vision as a strategic roadmap for the country's progress over the next few decades, leading up to the year 2030. Considering these two initiatives, it is imperative for all expatriates, particularly Indonesian expatriates, to prepare for early retirement. According to the database of the Ikatan Ahli Teknik Perminyakan Indonesia (IATMI) commissariat in Qatar, there are currently over 1653 Indonesian expatriates employed in the oil industry. Research findings indicate that the financial literacy of expatriates, which refers to their knowledge, skills, and beliefs influencing decision-making and financial management to achieve prosperity, is relatively low at 46%. Furthermore, there is a weak correlation between financial literacy and preparedness for early retirement

Иранская модель развития: концепция государства и общества, кризисы и проблемы

The presidential election of 2021 set a new stage in shaping of the Iranian development model. The conservative discourse once again took its place as the main one for the whole country underpinning the return to the implementation of the conservative modernization project. Key components of this project are outlined in the comprehensive development plan “Vision 2025”, as well as in the General Program for the Islamic-Iranian Progress. Among the development goals, which, according to this plan, Iran aims to achieve by 2025, are: sustainable economic growth; preservation and strengthening of the Islamic system and Islamic identity of Iran; regional leadership in economic, scientific, and technological development. Undoubtedly, to achieve these goals, a lot of work has been done by several governments, but it is obvious that these ambitions will not be fulfilled in the remaining period of the current government’s term. In turn, the General Program for the Islamic-Iranian Progress shifts the focus from development (in its secular, Western definition) to progress, which can only be achieved in the framework of Islamic and Iranian values and principles. The Islamic model of modernization is proposed as a guideline for development in the spiritual, political, cultural, and scientific life. However, the most important problem in the implementation of this plan is the large number of long-term unresolved economic problems associated with the negative outcomes of sanctions and urgent political crises such as the legitimacy crisis, institutional crisis, as well as the general weakening of the prestige of the “Islamic component” of Iran’s political system. The article analyzes the domestic development problems of Iran, which are relevant in the context of the ongoing crises, as well as the phenomenon of the “Iranian Model” with all of its political, economic, and social components.

LEGISLATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS IN LANDSCAPE PLANNING IN UKRAINE

The purpose of this publication is to highlight the role of landscape planning as a tool for implementing legislative environmental requirements, which should contribute to the achievement of the goals of balanced development of Ukrainian communities. The author analyzes the legislative requirements and criteria for assessing landscapes and its components that are relevant to the goals of landscape planning in the framework of the development of Comprehensive Plans for the Spatial Development of Communities. Such environmental requirements should be applied at the stages of landscape and its components assessment, conflict analysis, development of environmental goals and justification of measures. The article presents the experience of taking into account legislative environmental requirements in landscape plans that were created as part of the Comprehensive Spatial Development Plans of Druzhkivka city and Ocheretyne village communities in Donetsk Oblast. The examples demonstrate the implementation of legislative environmental requirements at the stages of landscape assessment, conflict analysis, and development of a landscape plan with environmental goals and measures. Examples of integrating landscape plan recommendations into project decision-making are presented.

Environmental aspects of the development of large agricultural integrated formations

The article examines the environmental aspects that arise in the process of concentration and specialization of agricultural production in a particular rural area. Thus, as scientific and technological progress develops, the problem of carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere increases. The share of CO2 emissions in the production of agricultural products is high, including in the conditions of the creation of large integrated agricultural formations. Thus, from a cowshed for 200 heads with an average weight of 500 kg, productivity of 30 kg, the daily CO2 emission is 1,445 kg. Accordingly, with an average livestock of 5,000 heads in megafarms, this indicator in a particular facility is about 40 tons per day. There are also problems with the protection and improvement of reservoirs and the formation of a “carbon footprint” in the environment. It is proposed to implement a unified integrated approach to solving this problem and its mutual alignment with other sections of the plan when developing a comprehensive development plan for integrated agricultural formations in terms of environmental protection; to ensure the unity and consistency of sanitary and health indicators with socio-economic indicators of rural areas; to carry out all environmental calculations based on current standards; to cover a set of quantitative and qualitative indicators characterizing the level, condition and development of individual industries, socio-economic parameters and the environment of a particular rural area.

카지노 산업의 미래인재양성에 관한 연구

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the educational environment of the casino industry and to suggest ways to cultivate future talent.
 Method: Based on the literature review of the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, this study examined the cultivation of future talents in the casino industry.
 Results: Through this study, it was confirmed that the casino industry will increase new recruitment and turnover due to the new opening of Inspire Entertainment Resort.
 Conclusion: A comprehensive development plan (dealing standardization, casino dealing competition, industry-academia-research) is needed to foster the casino industry as a tourism industry that is internationally competitive, transparent and healthy and contributes to the development of the MICE industry.
 Interdisciplinary Research Implications: This study is a study on the future human resources development of the casino industry in the tourism industry, and interdisciplinary research for the leisure field of the complex resort should be carried out in connection with the aspect of physical education in the future.

조종사 항공전문교육기관의 비행 안전 강화를 위한 인프라 개선 방안 연구-무안공항 중심

The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport's '6th Comprehensive Airport Development Plan' outlines
 the aviation policy for the period of 2021 to 2025, which includes the relocation of Gwangju Airport to
 Muan Airport. This is expected to bring significant changes to the domestic aviation industry and educational
 institutions. Moreover, challenges are anticipated due to a shortage of pilots caused by the COVID-19 Endemic
 and related facility inadequacies. Therefore, this study conducts a comprehensive investigation and analysis
 of the training infrastructure for pilots at domestic universities, focusing on Muan Airport. It aims to identify
 problems and constraints, as well as propose solutions and cooperation models by conducting parallel research
 on foreign cases. The proposed measures include firstly, improving existing infrastructure, secondly,
 suggesting the construction of new infrastructure, and finally, presenting ways to strengthen collaboration
 between industry, academia, and government to address this issue.

The Ideology of the State and Direction of Development as the Foundation of Public Policy: Islamic Perspective

Pancasila, Indonesia's fundamental ideology, was declared during the presidency of Soekarno and subsequently solidified by Soeharto, continuing to influence the administrations of Habibie, Gus Dur, Megawati, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, and Joko Widodo. Throughout its history, Pancasila has evolved into both a moral and practical basis for the nation's development. In the era of the New Order, Indonesia implemented the Garis-Garis Besar Haluan Negara (GBHN) as a comprehensive development plan with short--, medium--, and long-term goals aimed at achieving national welfare. This plan laid the groundwork for subsequent administrations, such as Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and Joko Widodo, to execute the Plan of National Development Medium Term (RPJMN) for the periods of 2010-2014 and 2014-2019. Looking ahead, Indonesia will soon adopt the New National Development Plan (2019-2024) with ambitious goals, including eradicating poverty, eliminating hunger, improving healthcare, and enhancing the quality of education. All these development plans are firmly rooted in Pancasila as the foundational ideology of the Indonesian state. Both Pancasila and the National Development Plan serve as the cornerstone for formulating and constructing public policies in Indonesia. From an Islamic perspective, public policy aligns with the concept of maslahah al-ammah, which refers to the general benefit or welfare of the people. This overarching concept encompasses principles such as legal certainty, equal rights, balanced rights and obligations, professionalism, fair treatment, transparency, accountability, targeted support for vulnerable groups, efficiency, speed, and affordability. These principles are inherently guided by Islamic teachings, ensuring that public policies are in harmony with the values of justice and social welfare.

Grand Design for Provincial Expansion in Papua from the Perspective of 7 (Seven) Cultural Regions

This research aims to identify seven cultural regions that can contribute to the development of contemporary and future Papua, while adhering to the principles of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. This study combines the theory of "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" and the concept of a cultural approach, with a focus on the threefold spirit of Melanesian brotherhood among the people of Papua. The integration of these two conceptual frameworks is crucial in preserving the nation's existence amidst its diverse population. The goal of this effort is to ensure answers and provide recommendations for a comprehensive development plan for the expansion of the Papua Province. The research prioritizes the use of qualitative data through interviews with informants and respondents. The aim is to explore the potential consequences of regional expansion when approached through a comprehensive cultural lens, based on anthropological and sociological perspectives influenced by Papuan and Melanesian studies. This research is based on the theoretical framework of "Structuralist Anthropology" developed by the Leiden School of Anthropology, with a specific focus on the concept of regionalism known as FoS (Field of Anthropological). The findings of this research examine a comprehensive plan to expand to seven provinces in Papua. From a cultural perspective, this approach is considered a more appropriate solution for realizing a prosperous future for Papua, with the ultimate goal of improving the well-being of its population within the framework of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia.

Evaluating the impact of simulated land use changes under multiple scenarios on ecosystem services in Ji'an, China

Ecosystem services (ES) play a crucial role in the sustainable development of human society. It is essential to clarify the impact of land use changes on ES to facilitate sound land spatial planning. This study focuses on the Ji'an area of Jiangxi Province as the research subject. The Future Land Use Simulation (FLUS) model is employed under the 'Production-life-ecological space' (PLES) policy scenario to simulate land use changes in the Ji'an area from 2020 to 2040. A comprehensive evaluation index for ecosystem services (CES) is constructed based on existing policies and ecological conditions in Ji'an City. It is then integrated into the FLUS-InVEST framework to simulate various development scenarios in the future. The results reveal that under the living space priority (LSP) scenario, construction land exhibits the highest growth rate, reaching 59.8%. Under the ecological space priority (ESP) scenario, the forest area is projected to increase by 0.54%. Only under the Productive Space Priority (PSP) scenario will cultivated land experience an increase, at a rate of 3.69%. Notably, CES remains relatively stable only in the ESP scenario, while declining in all other scenarios (ranging from 1.19% to 1.83%). Based on the simulation calculations, a Comprehensive Development (CD) plan for Ji'an is proposed, aiming to optimize the coordination among production, living, and ecological spaces and facilitate the restoration of ecosystem services. Compared to the 'business as usual' (BAU) scenario, the CES value of the CD scenario is expected to increase by 0.61%. In summary, this paper presents an exploratory study that combines the FLUS-InVEST framework with the unique development scenario of the Ji'an region in an innovative way. The proposed planning and recommendations for future sustainable development contribute to a deeper understanding of the impact of socio-economic activities on the ecological environment.

OPPORTUNITIES FOR TERRITORIAL MARKETING IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SINGLE-INDUSTRY TOWN OF KHROMTAU

The purpose of the study is to analyze the state of socio-economic development of the city of Khromtau, the only single-industry town with high potential in the Aktobe region, and use marketing opportunities in further developmentMethodology – general scientifi c research methods, such as analysis, comparison, generalization Uniqueness/ value of the study.Originality / value of the research. It can be used in the development of a roadmap for the development of the region, a comprehensive development plan by socio-economic assessment of the pace of development of the monotown Khromtau.Findings. As a result of the study, based on the results of the study of the socio-economic state of the monotown of Khromtau, it was determined that the economic, social sphere, and infrastructure situation are at an average level. Chromite ore mined and exported to Khromtau is competitive in the world due to its rich ore content and has special properties of the hardest chemical element. Chrome ore makes the city of Khromtau a potential monotown for the coming decades. Nevertheless, the production left over from Soviet times and the level of deterioration of some infrastructure facilities in the city remains high. Despite the largescale work in this direction, in general, there are common problems characteristic of single-industry towns in Kazakhstan. The main goal of the development of single-industry towns should be the creation of new industries, improving the level and quality of life of people. Therefore, it is fi rst necessary to create enterprises as a point of growth, and then develop the infrastructure for revenues from these enterprises to the budget. To do this, it is recommended to form the image of a single-industry town.

Flying Fox Roost (Pteropodidae: Acerodon jubatus) in Timaco Hill, Cotabato City, Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM), Philippines

Flying foxes are among bat species threatened with extinction due to anthropogenic activities. Conservation efforts have been employed to protect flying foxes thus, information on viable roosts is pertinent to their success. A population of an endangered Philippine endemic Acerodon jubatus, approximately 250 individuals, was recorded roosting on Terminalia microcarpa and Pterocarpus indicus in Timaco Hill of Barangay Kalanganan II, Cotabato City, Philippines. The Bangsamoro Parliament of Cotabato City has a pending resolution to declare Timaco Hill as a protected area to preserve its biodiversity. However, its Comprehensive Land Use Plan envisioned the area as a potential commercial and ecotourism site. The discovery of A. jubatus population in the area can boost ecotourism and increase the economic potential of the local community. However, ecotourism can be a source of disturbance that can potentially affect wildlife. Considering the economic and environmental benefits of ecotourism, it is highly recommended that the Local Government Unit come up with a comprehensive strategic development plan for Timaco Hill to fulfill the goal of ecotourism – to generate revenue from tourism for wildlife conservation and the community’s economic development.

코로나19 엔데믹 이후의 평생학습도시 활성화 방안 연구

The purpose of this study is to present measures to revitalize lifelong learning cities through analysis of the status of lifelong learning cities after the COVID-19 pandemic.
 The result of study are as follows. First, as a result of analyzing the basic status of lifelong learning cities, comprehensive development plans and mid- to long-term development plans were operated systematically, but global governance and network construction were analyzed to be insufficient. Second, as a result of analyzing the operation status of lifelong learning cities, various online and offline programs were operated centering on insufficient human resources. Third, this is the analysis of the response status of COVID-19. The need for online and offline educational infrastructure (space, people, programs, etc.) was emphasized.
 The plan to revitalize the lifelong learning city after the pandemic, which combines the results of the above research, is as follows. First, we need to establish a macro post-corona response strategy that takes into account all aspects of hardware, software, humanware, and ecoware. Second, we need to create a hybrid lifelong education learning sharing space where informal, informal, and accidental learning experiences can occur online and offline. Third, we need to establish a network and spread best practices for the advancement of a sustainable global lifelong learning city led by local governments. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data for revitalizing lifelong education in lifelong learning cities after the pandemic.

Representative Bureaucracy, Age-Friendly Planning, and the Role of Gender, Public Engagement, and Professional Management

What leads to more age-friendly cities: professional management, passive gender representation in management, or active public engagement? In a survey of 1,378 local governments, age-friendly features were measured in the community comprehensive plan, zoning codes, and economic development plan. Gender representation does not distinguish level of age-friendly planning, but public engagement promotes age-friendly practices in all three areas: comprehensive plans, zoning, and economic development plans. Structural equation models find professionalism and public engagement matter more than gender representation in management, as they promote active representation, which leads to more age-friendly practices.

An analysis of Baghdad’s masterplans based on the development of green areas

Motives: Baghdad is the capital city and an important political, administrative, social, cultural and economic centre of Iraq. Baghdad’s growth and development has been significantly influenced by efforts to accommodate various needs of its steadily growing population. Uncontrolled population and urban growth have exerted negative effects in numerous dimensions, including environmental sustainability because urban expansion occurred in green spaces within the city and the surrounding areas.Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the planning solutions in Baghdad’s green areas in the past and at present, and to identify the key changes in the city’s green areas, including changes in the ratio of green urban spaces to the total area of the city. Comprehensive urban development plans for Baghdad were analysed; the main solutions addressing urban green spaces were discussed; the advantages and disadvantages of previous and present urban development plans were examined, and the percentage of green urban spaces in Baghdad was investigated based on drafts of the city’s comprehensive development plans.Results: Baghdad’s Masterplan pays considerable attention to the development and preservation of urban green spaces which exert profound effects on the climate, the local environment, the city’s aesthetic and recreational value, and its social and economic development. The previous and present masterplans share numerous priorities with the aim of improving the city’s environmental and ecological health.