Comprehensive Level Research Articles

Reading Level Vis-À-Vis Academic Performance in English of Grade 6 Learners in Subic District

This study was conducted to determine the Reading Level and Academic Performance of Grade 6 Learners in Subic District. The unit of analysis of the study was the 30 grade six Teachers of the said school who serve as respondents. This study focuses on the Reading Comprehension Level and Academic Performance of Grade 6 students in Subic District. The descriptive correlational research method was used in this study. To obtain the needed data the researchers administered a survey questionnaire to identify the challenges and strategies of Teachers in Teaching Reading which consisted of 30 items and collect the Academic Performance in 1st – 4th Quarter grades and Final average in English Subject. Aside from that the researcher collects the Philippine Informal Reading Inventory or Phil-IRI result of Grade 6 Students in School Year 2021-2022.The data were tabulated, analyzed and interpreted. The statistical tools employed in this study were the percentage, weighted mean and pearson (r).
 Based on the Findings, the researcher concluded the following: A typical teacher in the Grade 6 level in Subic district schools is a female mid-adult, married, has been in service to the Department of Education for at least half a decade with a general elementary education degree. The level of competencies that pupils have in letter recognition, fluency, vocabulary and comprehension; The teachers-respondents agreed that in the use of teaching reading strategies they have procedures and challenges encountered that they have remedies or strategies to address the challenges. There is a correlation between the learner’s learning competencies and teachers’ challenges and there is a significant relationship between reading level and academic performance in English of grade 6 Learners in selected schools of Subic District, Division of Zambales.

Physiological records-based situation awareness evaluation under aviation context: A comparative analysis

Situational Awareness (SA) assessment is of paramount importance in various domains, with particular significance in the military for safe aviation decision-making. It involves encompassing perception, comprehension, and projection levels in human beings. Accurate evaluation of SA statuses across these three levels is crucial for mitigating human false-positive and false-negative rates in monitoring complex scenarios in the aviation context. This study proposes a comprehensive comparative analysis by involving two types of physiological records: electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and brain electrical activity mapping (BEAM) images. These two modalities are leveraged to automate precise SA evaluation using both conventional machine learning and advanced deep learning techniques. Benchmarking experiments reveal that the BEAM-based deep learning models attain state-of-the-art performance scores of 0.955 for both SA perception and comprehension levels, respectively. Conversely, the EEG signals-based manual feature extraction, selection, and classification approach achieved a superior accuracy of 0.929 for the projection level of SA. These findings collectively highlight the potential of deploying diverse physiological records as valuable computational tools for enhancing SA evaluation throughout aviation decision-making safety.

Research on Automatic Scoring Method of Intelligent Translation System Based on TSO Optimized LSTM Networks

INTRODCTION: The study of automatic marking methods in the Department of Language Translation is conducive to the fairness and rationality of marking by examining the comprehensive level of the students' language, as well as sharing the objectivity and pressure of the marking teachers in marking the scripts.OBJECTIVES: Aiming at the current automatic scoring methods of translation systems, which have the problems of not considering the global nature of influence features and low precision.METHODS: This paper proposes an automatic scoring method for translation system based on intelligent optimization algorithm to improve the deep network. First, by analyzing the language translation scoring problem, selecting the key scoring influencing factors and analyzing the correlation and principal components; then, improving the long and short-term memory network through the triangle search optimization algorithm and constructing the automatic scoring model of the translation system; finally, the high efficiency of the proposed method is verified through the analysis of simulation experiments.RESULTS: The proposed method is effective and improves the accuracy of the scoring model.CONCLUSION: solves the problem of inefficient scoring in the automatic scoring method of the translation system.

Enhancing Nuclear Medicine Practice in Saudi Arabia: Advocating for Comprehensive Guidelines and Local Diagnostic Reference Levels.

Diagnostic reference levels(DRLs) were initially introducedbythe International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP). It refers to the measured quantity ofadministered activity (MBq) in nuclear medicine imaging studies and is a type of investigation level. DRL is recommended to prevent excessive radiation exposure to patients while maintaining adequate image quality. It should not be implemented as a dose constraint or dose limit.The Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) is the primary government body responsible for reporting national diagnostic reference levels (NDRLs) for diagnostic medical imaging technologies in Saudi Arabia. Only NDRLs for computed tomography, general X-ray, and mammography have been published and enforced locally.This study aims to establish local DRLs for nuclear medicine imaging procedures at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Saudi Arabia, preparing for compliance proof once required by local authorities. Data were collected from all machines, and sixcommon protocols were studied, with datafrom 50 patientsof standard body size for each identified protocol. The study was conducted retrospectively, and the 50thpercentile was then calculated for each scan. Both protocols for renal scansadministered the lowest doses to patients (130 MBq and 148 MBq), respectively. The highest dose administered to patients was found to be in bone scans (1110 MBq). The study establishes local DRLs for nuclear medicine imaging in our institution. Median activity dosages in renal, thyroid, and parathyroid imaging were comparable to locally and internationally published DRLs. However, they are higher in cardiac and bone imaging comparedto local Saudi DRL and DRL in the European Union and the USA, likely due to the adopted protocols. These highlight the need for modifying the protocols to fulfill optimization efforts. These findings serve as a foundation for compliance with future regulatory requirements, ensuring patient safety and maintaining imaging quality in Saudi healthcare.

The flipped class as a proposal for learning English

The study addressed the effectiveness of the flipped classroom in learning English, using an applied-experimental quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design. The sample of 30 high school students was selected through non-probabilistic convenience sampling. An objective assessment was used to measure English comprehension levels, and the data analysis technique consisted of a non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test to test the research hypothesis. After implementing the flipped classroom program, the results revealed superior performance in the experimental group, highlighting the program's effectiveness and relevance in improving and acquiring linguistic skills in English by the students.

Ratio and proportion through realistic mathematics education and pendidikan matematika realistik Indonesia approach: A systematic literature review

Foundational mathematical concepts like ratios and proportions are indispensable for solving both everyday problems and those encountered in professional settings. However, many students need help to grasp and apply these concepts effectively, often due to ineffective teaching methods, variations in students' levels of comprehension, and shortcomings in existing learning models. Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) and Pendidikan Matematika Realistik Indonesia (PMRI) have emerged as promising solutions to address these challenges. This study aims to systematically review the literature on ratio and proportion learning design using RME and PMRI approaches. It focuses on three specific research inquiries: profiling the literature, analyzing employed learning designs, and identifying gaps and recommendations for further research in learning design development. Conducted through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, the research involved planning, implementing, and disseminating review results. One hundred forty-four documents were scrutinized, leading to the identification of 19 pertinent papers. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the literature on learning design in the context of ratio, proportion, scale, and level, utilizing RME and PMRI approaches while highlighting research gaps and offering insights for future studies. Its findings hold significant implications for educators and researchers seeking to enhance mathematics education through RME and PMRI approaches.

Same name, different representational levels? Misalignment of indirect parent-reported and direct alternative forced choice measures of emotion word comprehension in preschool children.

This study assessed the relationship between preschoolers' directly and indirectly assessed emotion word comprehension. Forty-nine two-to-five-year-old Norwegian children were assessed in a tablet-based 4-alternative forced choice (AFC) task on their comprehension of six basic and six complex emotions using facial expression photographs. Parents reported emotion word comprehension and production of the same words. Parent-reported emotion word production interacted with age to predict preschoolers' performance, with a parent-child alignment only observed for older children. Parent-reported word comprehension did not significantly predict accuracy. The results suggest that, in preschoolers, direct and indirect assessments might address distinct representational levels of emotion word comprehension.

Comprehensive molecular level characterization of protein- and polyphenol-rich tara (Caesalpinia spinosa) seed germ flour suggests novel hypothesis about possible accidental hazards

Tara (Caesalpinia spinosa, Leguminosae) seed germ (TSG), a by-product of tara gum (E417) extraction, has been used as a protein- and polyphenol-rich food ingredient for human and animal nutrition. Nevertheless, TSG is the alleged culprit for a recent foodborne outbreak of even severe acute illnesses that have affected hundreds of individuals in the USA, perhaps triggered by nonprotein amino acids such as baikiain. Herein, the composition of TSG has been characterized at molecular level, with a focus on proteins, phenolics, lipids, and mineral composition. TSG contains 43.4 % (w/w) proteins, tentatively identified for the first time by proteomics, and 14 % lipids, consisting of 83.6 % unsaturated fatty acids, especially linoleic acid. Ash is surprising high (6.5 %) because of an elevated concentration of P, K, Ca, and Mg. The detection of a rare earth element such as gadolinium (Gd, 1.6 mg kg−1), likely sourced from anthropogenic pollution, suggests alternative hypotheses for the origin of TSG hazards.

Students' reading comprehension level and reading demands in teacher education programs: the elephant in the room?

Reading comprehension is considered a key ability for students in teacher education programs. Data from 72 students enrolled in a Chilean school of education was used to estimate the contribution of reading proficiency in first-semester academic performance using regression analysis. Reading comprehension made a significant, albeit modest contribution to predict students' academic performance, after controlling for their scores in the standardized national admission tests and high-school grades. The students' average reading level was below the level of text complexity required in their first term and, although by their senior year they had made significant progress in reading comprehension, their reading level continued to be lower than text demands. A qualitative exploration of students' reading behaviors and attitudes revealed they devoted few hours per week to reading class material and even less time to reading for leisure. Faculty were cognizant of the reading deficits of their students but had few suggestions as to how to address. Future studies in higher education should confirm whether the misfit between reading proficiency and reading demands observed in this school of education is the exception or the rule.

International Legal Framework for the Protection of Cultural Objects

Introduction. For thousands of years, historical and cultural monuments have been damaged or destroyed as a result of armed conflicts and acts of vandalism. Given the role that these sites play in the development of humanity, international humanitarian law (IHL) establishes the basis for the international legal protection of religious, cultural and scientific sites. At the beginning of the 20th century. the situation was complicated not only by the absence of a universal international treaty that would be devoted exclusively to the international legal protection of these objects, but also by an international intergovernmental organization that would develop appropriate norms and standards. These problems led to the creation in 1945 of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Thanks to the activities of this specialized UN agency, as well as the activities of a number of non-governmental international organizations, it was possible to form an international legal regime for the protection of cultural property both in peacetime and during armed conflicts.As a result of changes in the strategy of conducting armed conflicts, as well as improving the methods and means of conducting them in the 21st century, cultural objects are in great danger. In this regard, the analysis of current international legal norms and principles for the protection of cultural property in the context of international humanitarian law is of particular relevance.Materials and methods. As for the materials, we were talking about legal acts, Russian and cultural information based on the cultural traditions of international law. methodological basis based on scientific methods of lysis and synthesis, comparative legal method, scientific method of delivery.Research results. The evolution of the system of international legal protection of cultural property and world cultural heritage allows us to draw a conclusion about the comprehensive level of such protection, applied both in peacetime and in armed conflicts. The international legal responsibilities of states in this area are associated, first of all, with assessing the significance of cultural objects and giving them the appropriate legal status through national legislation or inclusion in the registers of international organizations.Discussion and conclusion. At the same time, the activities of states and international organizations related to the special designation of cultural objects in armed conflicts, the training of civilian and military personnel, and taking into account the specifics of the placement and maintenance of such objects are of particular importance. The general body of knowledge and skills for the protection and protection of cultural objects is formed by UNESCO as a specialized agency of the United Nations, which strives to preserve the universal heritage as the highest achievements of art and science.

The Impact of Synchronous Zoom Learning on Course Comprehension and Psychological Well-Being in the College Classroom

The present study aimed to investigate the optimal learning environment for synchronous Zoom learning courses in terms of course comprehension and psychological well-being. Several courses in the Psychology and Counselling Department (N=473) agreed to participate in the study, and were assigned to one of the three Zoom conditions: 1. Camera use (cameras mandatory, cameras encouraged, or no restrictions) 2. Breakout rooms (breakout rooms used during class or not); and 3. Background (a calm, relaxing virtual background or no background). At the end of the semester, students filled out a brief survey about their course comprehension and psychological well-being in the classroom. The results found that students who had cameras mandatory or encouraged during class and students who had a calm, relaxing background had significantly higher levels of mindfulness and course comprehension. In addition, results found that courses that did not utilize breakout rooms had significantly higher levels of course comprehension and mindfulness as compared to the control group. The results from this study provide practical solutions for creating a positive learning experience in synchronous online classrooms. Understanding the importance of which Zoom conditions create the best learning environment can allow institutions and instructors alike to employ effective teaching strategies to help students continue to be successful in higher education, regardless of which teaching modality is employed.

Intervention to Enhance Reading Comprehension Skills of Grade 7 Students through Background Knowledge Activation, Repeated Readings, Reading Aloud, and Asking Questions

This study sought to assess the reading proficiency of 23 purposively selected seventh-grade students at Caponayan National High School during the academic year 2023-2024, focusing on their reading comprehension levels. These assessments were the foundation for developing an effective reading program tailored to students’ needs. Over four weeks, data collection involved repeated reading-aloud sessions and immediate questioning post-reading. In the educational process carried out in the Philippines, the Informal Reading Inventory standard is used. The analysis revealed that the respondents demonstrated mastery of essential sight words, with only a few identified miscues. Significantly, the number of students experiencing frustration decreased from 16 to 4 after the intervention, accompanied by notable improvements in reading comprehension. The instructional level increased from 7 to 13, while the highest comprehension level, classified as independent, rose from 0 to 6. Assessing the students’ overall performance before and after the intervention indicated substantial progress. Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant difference before and after the intervention. Based on these findings, the study concludes that even a brief intervention can significantly improve students’ reading abilities.

The Ushnus in the astronomy of the Inca culture

AbstractInferences are made about the relationship that existed between the Ushnus, pyramid‐shaped, terraced structures used by the Incas in the most important ceremonies of the Tawantinsuyo, and Inka Astronomy. We draw attention to Ayni, Kawsaypacha, Duality, and Tinkuy principles, multidimensional codes of conduct and wisdom that are at the root of the Andean cosmovision and on their perception of the world and the Cosmos. These principles, examined as postulates, allow to elaborate axiomatic propositions to identify the Ushnus with ancient Astronomy practices. In a complementary statement, starting from a bi‐conditional proposition, we may infer through reciprocal corollaries that the Inka earliest roots to a holistic learning and educational ambient in the Tawantinsuyo was not elitist, instead it was based on a epistemological construct that differs from the corresponding Western educational ambients. An epistemological and cognitive approach allows to identify an ancient elaborate process of knowledge construction, based on the four fundamental principles, corresponding to different levels of assimilation and comprehension. As a complementary aspect, we identify some of the most preserved Ushnus of the Inka “Empire.” Then we complement this contribution with a broader interpretation for the Ushnus.

The Analysis of Understanding in Seismic – Resilient Infrastructure Planning in Vocational Student’s Civil Engineering

The analysis of understanding in Seismic-Resilient Infrastructure Planning among vocational students in civil engineering is indispensable for multifaceted reasons. This study employs a questionnaire validation test as a means of data collection, utilizing questionnaires to gather information. Simple random sampling was applied to select respondents from Medan State Polytechnic students in their 5th and 7th semesters. The questionnaire is designed to assess students' knowledge of earthquake-resistant infrastructure planning. The research is structured into three segments, focusing on the understanding of earthquake resistance management, structural earthquake resistance, and infrastructure earthquake resistance. The aspect of management seismic resilience understanding ranges from 3.22% to 9.65%. The highest understanding is observed in the awareness of quality control activities, the fifth assessment (9.65%). The lowest understanding is in reduce errors in the implementation of earthquake-resistant construction, the nineth assessment (3.22%). The aspect of structure seismic resilience understanding ranges from 2.78% to 9.48%. The highest understanding is observed in threaded reinforcement, the fourth assessment (9.48%). The lowest understanding is in earthquake-resistant house construction, the seventh assessment (2.78%). The aspect of infrastructure seismic resilience understanding ranges from 5.57% to 15.83%., The highest understanding is observed in earthquake-resistant foundations, the second assessment (15.83%). The lowest understanding is in post-disaster assessment approach, the fifth assessment (5.57%). These percentages likely represent the level of comprehension or proficiency of students in each respective aspect, with higher percentages indicating a better understanding. It is crucial to analyze these results collectively and over time to identify trends, strengths, and areas for improvement in the seismic resilience education provided to vocational civil engineering students.

Staff‐based measurement instruments of person‐centredness in settings of care for older people: A systematic review

AbstractBackgroundPerson‐centred care is widely endorsed as a promising approach for delivering high‐quality care to older people. However, the multitude of existing definitions and measurement tools, coupled with the continuous emergence of new tools, can create confusion and hinder precision in assessing this concept. This review was undertaken with a recognition of the crucial role that assessment quality plays in evaluations and improvements, particularly within the context of person‐centred care for older people.ObjectivesThis study aimed to systematically review staff‐based measures of person‐centredness in settings of care for older people. More specifically, the objectives were to provide description, methodological evaluation and synthesis of diverse conceptual understandings of person‐centredness encapsulated in these measurement tools.MethodsWe systematically searched the Cinahl, PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases for English peer‐reviewed journal articles between 2000 and 2021. These articles discussed the creation of staff‐based questionnaires designed to assess the extent of person‐centred care. We excluded questionnaires meant for clients, patients or families, as well as non‐questionnaire scales. The measures were described, and their interpretations of person‐centred care were synthesised through a critical interpretive synthesis method. We evaluated methodological quality using a condensed COSMIN risk of bias checklist and adhered to PRISMA guidelines.ResultsThe review identified a total of 14 staff‐based measures. These measures exhibited varying levels of comprehensiveness, encompassing anywhere between 2 and 17 components. Furthermore, the number of items within the measures ranged from 11 to 62, and the sample sizes exhibited significant diversity, spanning from 58 to 1428. In terms of the components scrutinised by the scales regarding person‐centred care, our synthesis revealed the emergence of four distinct conceptual categories: care process, supportive care environment, relations and communication, and knowledge and attitudes. As for the methodological quality of the scales, it exhibited a notable degree of variation (i.e. from inadequate to very good).ConclusionsDiverse measures of person‐centredness vary in terms of comprehensiveness, aspects covered and methodological quality. Synthesising the concept through staff‐based measures offers a novel approach for researchers and practitioners, illuminating nuanced perspectives in person‐centred care.Implications for practiceThe synthesis enriches academic discussions and practical applications by dissecting components, ultimately enhancing care quality assessment and improvement. Further, this review is a valuable resource for unit managers and quality coordinators working in settings of care for older people, empowering them to make informed decisions tailored to their specific needs from a diverse array of available person‐centred care measures.

Analysis of the coordinated evolution and driving mechanism of the coupling of tourism economy and urbanization in Southwest China

ABSTRACT The coordinated development of the tourism economy and urbanization is one of the hot issues in the practice and research of regional development. Exploring the complex dynamic relationship between the two can promote new urbanization construction and sustainable regional economic development. This paper uses the coupled coordination degree (CCD) model and exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) model to study the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and driving mechanisms of the coordinated development of Southwest China’s tourism industry and urbanization. The results show that from 2010 to 2020, the comprehensive level of tourism economic development is in an inverted ‘V’ shape, while the complete level of urbanization is on a continuous upward trend. The spatial difference for CCD between the tourism economy and urbanization is remarkable, offering a spatial pattern of the highest in the middle, the second in the east, and the lowest in the west. In addition, the urbanization rate, population density, per capita fiscal revenue, and per capita park green land have significant negative spatial effects on CCD. Per capita budgetary revenue has a positive spatial effect on CCD with a time lag. This study provides a decision-making reference for promoting tourism development and urbanization in southwest regions.

The relationship between housewive's characteristics and waste-sorting behavior

The world is increasingly pushing efforts to reduce the dangers of waste, and society needs to take wise actions against waste. Women, particularly housewives, are vital in managing household waste. Environmental maintenance programs are also carried out in PKK groups, which are groups that exist in all Neighboring area/Rukun Tetangga (RT) level areas in Indonesia. This review describes the understanding and behavior of housewives towards the litter produced daily, as well as its correlation with internal characteristics. This study obtained primary data from interviews with 47 Family Welfare Empowerment (PKK) members from three Neighboring areas (RT) in Salatiga City. The analysis method uses Spearman correlations to look at levels of comprehension and behavior as well as their relationship to respondents' internal characteristics. The study found that almost all respondents produce plastic waste, food scraps, and kitchen waste while cooking in daily activities. The analysis results concluded that there was no correlation between internal characteristics and understanding of waste and behavior of waste sorting. However, there was a correlation between increased understanding of waste and waste sorting behavior.

Measuring the Knowledge of Rural School Children on Nutrition Education in Bihar, India

This research study investigates the knowledge regarding nutrition education among rural school children in Bihar, India. The goal of the study is to evaluate the existing level of nutrition knowledge and comprehension among kids in rural regions and to pinpoint possible areas for development in nutrition education initiatives. The rural school students were subjected to an interview schedule. A sample of rural schoolchildren from different Bihar schools, ranging in age from 8 to 12, participated in the study. The environment was taken into consideration when choosing knowledge test questions. A 53-item knowledge test was put through a relevancy check with help from extension specialists, and 43 items were chosen for the test. Thirty extension workers from outside the research area pretested the 53 items. Item analysis evoking difficulty index, discrimination index, and point biserial correlation were conducted based on the results of the pretesting. Items with difficulty indices between 0.3 and 0.8, discrimination indices equal or above 0.3, and substantial point biserial correlation at the 5% level of significance were chosen. Utilising the split-half method, the test's reliability was calculated and determined to be 0.70. Ultimately, 18 questions were chosen for the final knowledge test given to rural schoolchildren. This knowledge test reveals a knowledge gap about nutrition and its significance for general health and well-being among Bihar's rural schoolchildren. Most kids showed little understanding of key nutrients, food groupings, and their nutritional value. Additionally, there was a paucity of knowledge regarding the long-term effects of improper eating patterns and inadequate nutrition.

Analytical study of Awareness of Metacognitive Reading Strategies and Reading Comprehension among College Students

The current study investigates first-year college students' awareness of metacognition reading strategies and their capacity to comprehend written content. The research focuses on first-year college students in the district of Shaheed Benazirabad, with data collected from 350 participants using a non-random sampling method, constituting approximately 23.33% of the targeted population. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using two instruments – MARSQ and a reading comprehension passage with literal, inferential, and evaluative multiple-choice questions. Data was processed using SPSS Version 22 in line with the research questions. The results indicate that both genders excel in answering literal questions but face challenges at the inferential level. However, their performance in evaluative questions is unsatisfactory, with both genders scoring significantly low. The analysis of metacognitive strategies reveals a notable emphasis on problem-solving strategies among students, surpassing other strategies. These findings provide valuable insights into the awareness of reading strategies and the overall reading comprehension levels among college students in the studied district.

Development and Evaluation of the Plankton Biological Integrity Index (P-IBI) in Dry and Wet Seasons for Dianchi Lake

As an important component of lake ecosystems, plankton are often used as indicators to evaluate the health of aquatic ecosystems, such as lakes and reservoirs. The plankton integrity index (P-IBI) is a highly utilized method for evaluating the ecological health of the lakes. This study took Dianchi Lake, located in the Yangtze River Basin, as the research object and analyzed the phytoplankton, zooplankton communities, and environmental factors at 11 sampling points in this lake during the wet season (July) in 2022 and the dry season (February) in 2023. The P-IBI was established to evaluate the health status of this lake ecosystem. The results showed that a total of 83 species of phytoplankton and 31 species of zooplankton were identified in Dianchi Lake, and the number of plankton species in the dry season was significantly higher than that in the wet season. The P-IBI evaluation results for the two hydrological periods were generally “good”. Linear regression analysis showed that there was a certain negative correlation between the P-IBI value and the comprehensive trophic level index (TLI), and the evaluation results were generally in line with the actual situation of the water body. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that there was a significant correlation between the P-IBI and its constituent parameters and individual water quality environmental factors, such as total nitrogen (TN) and electrical conductivity (EC). In summary, by reducing errors caused by spatial and temporal changes across various hydrological periods, P-IBI represents a more scientifically rigorous technique for lake water ecological health assessments within a certain time range.