Student Comprehension Research Articles

Validation of a Rubric to Assess Physiology Exam Multiple Choice Questions to Create Fair and Equitable Assessments

Inequities and achievement gaps exist for students from groups underrepresented in medicine (URiM) and for English language learners (ELLs). This is particularly evident with multiple choice assessments which are prevalent in health professions and medical education. Increasing the linguistic accessibility of test items by simplifying the language used while keeping the content diffculty was perceived as helpful to ELLs in an undergraduate Chemistry course (Lee & Orgill, 2022). Following best practices when writing exam questions provides consistent and valid measures of student comprehension. Across institutions we face similar challenges when forming and assessing multiple choice questions for our physiology exams. Some major flaws include long complex options; using vague terms; negatively structured stems; grammatical cues; word repeats. Lopez (2023) found that 56% items contained at least one flaw. The most common flaws identified were those in which the items were not approximately the same length and item options that did not have parallel grammatical form and structure. In order to address these issues in an objective way, we collectively modified the previously detailed rubric (Lopez, 2023) for identifying common flaws based on the “Item-Writing Guide” from the National Board of Medical Education (NBME®) and one formed in the context of general chemistry by Breakall et al. (2019). Twenty-six questions from physiology exams at three different institutions were evaluated by three faculty using the newly created rubric. After analyzing the questions, we returned as a group and compared our individual ratings, clarified any discrepancies and modified the rubric accordingly. We will conduct statistical analysis to assess our inter-rater reliability score before using this rubric to analyze the full question banks for physiology exams at each institution. This process is not limited to physiology educators since it can be utilized by teachers in any program or discipline. The significance of the work will not only benefit our validation of learning but it will also address specific equity issues by eliminating flaws that provide irrelevant diffculty or benefit test wise students. Furthermore, this rubric is also helpful in generating new questions for future exams, ensuring equitable assessments.

Enhancing Students’ Reading Comprehension Through Jigsaw

One of the linguistic skills that students should focus on learning is reading comprehension. Most junior high school students struggled with their reading abilities. This study aimed to investigate if Jigsaw combined with pictures may enhance the reading comprehension of seventh-grade students at SMPN 12 Denpasar in the academic year 2022/2023 through action research conducted in the classroom. Pre-test, post-test, and questionnaire activities were, therefore, part of the researchers’ efforts to meet the goal of the current study. The pre-test results from the pre-cycle indicated that the subjects' reading comprehension skills, mainly when it came to reading descriptive texts, were categorized as good. The current action research in the classroom was then conducted using a Jigsaw combined with pictures. The result of the post-test I in the second session showed that the subjects' progress decreased compared to the previous pre-test. In addition, the result of the post-test II in the last session showed significant progress concerning the subjects' ability in reading comprehension, which improved from sound level to excellent. Additionally, this study demonstrated that the individuals' favorable reactions to the method used to increase their reading comprehension changed their learning behavior. In conclusion, the current classroom action research showed that using Jigsaw combined with pictures could enhance the reading comprehension of seventh-grade students at SMPN 12 Denpasar in the academic year 2022/2023. The subjects also gave positive responses.

The effect of movies on listening comprehension for Saudi EFL students

This study investigated the effectiveness of using movies to improve the listening skills of Saudi EFL students and their attitudes towards movie-based activities. A questionnaire was administered to 147 participants, 113 of whom were female and 34 of whom were male. The participants were divided into four age groups: 18-20 years, 21-25 years, 26-30 years, and above 30 years. Participants were required to have no history of hearing impairment or learning disabilities that may affect listening skills. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The results showed that movies had a positive impact on students' listening skills, and most participants had a positive attitude towards using movies as a learning tool. However, some challenges were also identified, such as finding appropriate movies and lacking guidance on effective movie use. The findings of this study have implications for English language teachers, providing insights into the benefits and challenges of using movies, and suggesting the need for training programs on incorporating movies into language teaching. Overall, this study contributes to understanding how technology-based tools like movies can enhance language learning outcomes.

The Effect of Using Wordwall Media on Reading Skills and Comprehension of Narrative Text

This research was motivated by the lack of reading comprehension of fourth grade students at SDS An Najwa Marelan in narrative text material. This is because teachers have not implemented learning media and students do not understand reading narrative texts. As a result, students feel bored reading the text and find it difficult to come up with ideas for paragraphs and the content of the story. The aim of this research is to describe the use of wordwall media and find out whether there is an influence of wordwall media on the ability to read and understand narrative text. This type of research is quantitative research, the data collection method used is a questionnaire. The research results show that there is an influence of using wordwall media in improving reading comprehension skills in determining the main idea in each paragraph, searching for information and understanding the content of the story and retelling the story using their own language. Thus, the reading comprehension skills of class IV SDS an Najwa Marelan students in narrative text material show improvement through wordwall media

Unlocking Learning Group Guidance and Games for Special Needs Students

This qualitative study investigates the efficacy of group guidance and games-based learning in enhancing the comprehension of students with special needs at SLB PGRI Plosoklaten. Through observation, interviews, and literature review, the research underscores the crucial role of group guidance in facilitating learning and highlights the effectiveness of integrating games-based learning within this framework. Findings suggest that group guidance aids in material delivery and comprehension, while games-based learning optimizes understanding among students with special needs. The study underscores the significance of these strategies for creating inclusive and effective learning environments, offering valuable insights for educators and policymakers alike. Highlights: Guidance Facilitates Learning: Group guidance aids comprehension for special needs students. Games Enhance Engagement: Games-based learning boosts understanding and participation. Inclusive Education Insights: Findings inform inclusive education practices. Keywords: Games Based Learning, Group Guidance, Special Needs Education

USING SUGGESTOPEDIA METHOD IN READING COMPREHENSION

This research aimed to know whether Suggestopedia as Method can improve students reading comprehension especially at literal comprehension (main idea) and interpretative comprehension (conclusion) in the Second Grade Students of Madrasah Aliyah Guppi Samata. The researcher applied Pre-Experimental method with use one group pre-test and post-test design and collected data by giving pre-test and post-test. The sample for this research was Class XI of Madrasah Aliyah Guppi Samata that consisted of 15 students. The sample was taken by using Purposive Sampling Technique. The researcher wanted to know the students’ ability in reading comprehension so that, the researcher found that too much students when pre-test got poor score. The improvement of the students’ literal comprehension by using Suggestopedia Method at Second Grade of Madrasah Aliyah Guppi Samata was good. Suggestopedia method brings good effect in reading comprehension because with using Suggestopedia, the students be active, relax, and not afraid in the class, the students’ can improve reading skill, and can help students to stimulate good mental condition. Meanwhile, the improvement of the students’ interpretative comprehension by using Suggestopedia Method at Second Grade of Madrasah Aliyah Guppi Samata was good. The effect of suggestopedia method in reading comprehension in term of interpretative comprehension help students to stimulate students’ good mental condition before the students’ answer the questions.

INVESTIGATING THE PREDICTORS OF INTENTION TO PARTICIPATE IN e-WASTE RECYCLING AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: A CASE OF UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU

E-waste is an existential problem for the environment and its inhabitants. This study intends to examine the relationship between Environmental Concern (EC), Perceived Behaviour Control (PBC), and Attitude (ATT) toward the intention to practice e-waste recycling (ERI) among students in Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT). Data was collected from 446 students by using a non-probability sampling technique. Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM 4.0) was used for the analysis of the structural model. The analysis of data from 446 questionnaires revealed that EC, PBC, and ATT significantly influence students’ ERI, with ATT having the strongest influence. This research may aid policymakers in gaining a greater comprehension of students’ intention to participate in e-waste recycling. This is very helpful in paving the way for a successful e-waste recycling and management system not only at UMT but also in other states in Malaysia and other countries with similar e-waste issues.

The Efficacy of e-Guru Application in Boosting Learning Effectiveness: Does It Deliver Results?

In light of the unexpected events caused by the pandemic, educators urgently needed inventive educational resources to improve student comprehension. The rapid implementation of adaptable methods for instruction became necessary. E-guru is a user-friendly online platform that shows the potential to encourage student participation. This study conducted at State Vocational High School 1 of Tanah Luas in North Aceh examines the influence of e-guru on learning effectiveness. Using quantitative methods and conducting SPSS analysis, the results indicate no sie-guruchast impact of e-guru on effectiveness (p = 0.846 > 0.05). Based on the comparison between the T count value (0.196) and the T table value (1.685), the study concludes that e-guru does not significantly impact learning outcomes. The result emphasizes the necessity of further studies to enhance e-learning platforms to address evolving teaching and learning demands.

Integrating 5E Model with Planned-Incidental Grammar Teaching Approach to enhance grammar competency of eighth-grade Odia medium school students, in a time-sensitive manner

Prompted by the challenges faced by teachers in balancing grammar and content in English classes, coupled with the poor English proficiency of rural Odia medium school students, the study aimed to devise an intervention that could balance content and grammar, thereby enhancing the grammar competency and content comprehension of eighth-grade students. Based on quasi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest nonequivalent group design, two groups were assigned treatment conditions: the 5E Model with Planned-Incidental Grammar Teaching Approach (experimental group) and the traditional Grammar Translation Method (control group) during class instructions. Data were collected from 100 school students, with 52 in the experimental group and 48 in the control group, using pretest and posttest assessments. The mixed ANOVA test results revealed significantly higher posttest scores in the experimental group compared to the control group, highlighting the positive impact of the intervention on students’ grammar proficiency. The t-test for the comprehension test suggested comparable levels of comprehension in both groups, indicating the efficiency of the new pedagogical strategy in seamlessly integrating grammar instruction into regular classroom teaching, optimizing instructional time and ensuring balance between content and grammar, making it particularly valuable for educators facing time constraints. This study underscores the need for professional development opportunities to enhance teachers’ pedagogical skills and knowledge. Further research is warranted to explore the intervention’s impact on various language skills and assess its applicability in diverse contexts, contributing to a broader understanding of its implications.

Improving Reading Comprehension in Secondary School Students through ICT Tools: An Innovative Approach

The research focused on determining the influence of ICT tools in improving reading comprehension in second grade secondary school students. A quantitative approach and a quasi-experimental design were used, with a sample of 74 students divided into two groups: one experimental and one control. A questionnaire validated by experts was applied for data collection and the Jasp program was used for data analysis, using the Mann-Whitney U coefficient. The results showed that reading comprehension improves significantly (p<.05) with a large effect size after the application of ICT tools. It is concluded that reading comprehension is a skill that can be improved through the application of educational programs that incorporate digital tools. These findings suggest the importance of implementing digital technologies in the educational field to improve students' reading comprehension.

Integration of Energy Conservation Principles Across Mechanical Engineering Curriculum: A Work-in-Progress Project

The conservation of energy, mass, and momentum stands as fundamental laws in physics, resonating deeply within engineering education. This ongoing project, now in its third year of implementation, aims to seamlessly integrate energy conservation principles across the mechanical engineering undergraduate curriculum. Across various courses, including dynamics, fluid dynamics, and thermodynamics, students delve into the diverse forms of mechanical energy. From kinetic and potential energy in dynamics to fluid flow energies and thermodynamic principles in fluid dynamics and thermodynamics courses respectively, the overarching principle remains: energy is neither created nor destroyed but instead transfers between different forms, maintaining a constant total within a fixed domain. The project emphasizes the energy balance equation introduced in the first Thermodynamics course, laying the groundwork for subsequent exploration. Students are guided through the transition from the first law of thermodynamics to Bernoulli's equation in Fluid Mechanics, bridging theoretical concepts with practical applications. This integration continues into Heat Transfer and elective courses such as Industrial Hydraulics and Aerodynamics. To assess student comprehension, direct and indirect assessments are conducted, measuring understanding through principle and practical examples. Feedback and questionnaire responses indicate enhanced understanding of energy conservation principles through the synchronization of energy balance concepts across multiple courses. This presentation showcases the evolution of our work-in-progress project, initially presented at the 2022 and 2023 WVAS meetings. By fostering a holistic understanding of energy conservation principles, our aim is to empower students with a comprehensive foundation to tackle real-world engineering challenges.

A Visualization Towards Oral Histology and Pathology Practical Classes - Existing Scenario and Imminent Trends

Introduction: Detailed knowledge is necessary in order to use dental anatomy, histology, and pathology in academic and clinical settings. Despite a competent, uniform academic curriculum and a passable infrastructure, there is still a disconnect between student comprehension and teacher preparation. Objective: To evaluate the difficulties dental students have learning the subject. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among Students at College of Dental Surgery, In B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan, Nepal. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the socio-demographic data and to understand students’ interest in oral histology and oral pathology, to understand the difficulties encountered in slide identification and operating the microscope. Results: Out of 178 students, 161 participated in the study giving a response rate of 90.44%. Overall result shows a maximum positive response suggesting most of the students regularly attend classes and finish their assigned tasks. Here data suggests a mixed response, with some students having difficulty in slide identification and remembering the features although the students are quite comfortable with the use of microscopes. Conclusion: Understanding the slide and using the microscope effectively are a few of the difficulties that students encounter in oral biology and oral pathology. To improve student comprehension and proficiency in these areas, targeted interventions are necessary, as this study highlights these challenges.

Influence of Morphological Awareness on the Reading Comprehension of Students at the Tertiary Education Level in Ebonyi State

This paper examined the influence of morphological awareness on the reading comprehension of students at the tertiary education level in Ebonyi State. The study utilized the descriptive survey research design. Three objectives and three research questions were posed to guide the study. The target population comprised 22000 undergraduates from the south east part of Nigeria. A sample size of 220 respondents was selected using the simple random sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was the instrument for data collection. Data were analyzed using the statistical tools of mean and standard deviation. Findings showed that morphological awareness had a positive impact on student' reading comprehension. Result of the study also revealed that students’ knowledge of inflectional morphemes improved their reading comprehension. Result also showed that awareness of the differences between inflectional and derivational morphemes enhanced students' reading comprehension. Based on these findings, one of the recommendations was that curriculum planners should make Morphology a compulsory course to be taught at all levels of education in the university to enhance morphological awareness among undergraduate students and improve their ability to spell words, read words and understand sentences.

Indirect and direct contributions of executive functions to reading comprehension

In the current study, we investigated the role of executive functions in explaining how word recognition and language comprehension jointly predict reading comprehension in multilingual and monolingual students (Grades 1 and 2). Specifically, mediation and moderation models were tested and compared to offer a more nuanced understanding of the role of executive functions in reading comprehension. The results provided support for the mediation model in which executive functions indirectly contribute to reading comprehension via word recognition and language comprehension in both language groups. In addition, executive functions directly predicted reading comprehension (i.e., partial mediation). These findings suggest that executive functions serve as general cognitive processes that support word recognition, language comprehension, and reading comprehension (i.e., direct contribution) as well as facilitate connecting word recognition and language comprehension in support for reading comprehension (i.e., indirect contribution). These findings are consistent with prominent models of reading comprehension.

Artificial Intelligence Powered Voice to Text and Text to Speech Recognition Model – A Powerful Tool for Student Comprehension of Tutor Speech

Speech-to-Text and Text-to-Speech are both NLP(natural language processing) powered models which transform speech to text and vice versa, providing an increased scope of learning for the parties involved. For the past couple of years it's been observed that students have been moving abroad for quality education and better financial aid. Since there is an accent gap between students and tutors which reduces the understanding of students. Our work is done to solve the aforementioned problem. With its state-of-the-art STT(speech-to-text) and TTS(text-to-speech) softwares this work intends to ease the learning curve of the students. The key targets of this work are international students, individuals with disabilities. It can also be used to transcribe meetings for quick conversion of meeting discussion points into text. Companies can also use the model to get the data for the call recordings and further perform sentiment analysis and various such activities. This research aims to give a detailed walk through of the product as it stands, and provide details regarding all aspects of the product. This covers the various tech stacks used, the implementation of the said technologies, the reports shown to the different end users. This provides the workflow of the product.

REVOLUTIONIZING EDUCATION THROUGH AI: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF ENHANCING LEARNING EXPERIENCES

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the landscape of education, offering innovative solutions to enhance learning experiences. This review provides a comprehensive overview of how AI is revolutionizing education, focusing on its impact on learning outcomes, teaching methodologies, and the overall educational ecosystem. The adoption of AI in education has led to personalized learning experiences tailored to individual student needs. AI-powered adaptive learning systems analyze student performance data to create customized learning paths, ensuring that students receive content at their pace and level of understanding. This personalized approach improves student engagement and academic performance. AI is also reshaping teaching methodologies, providing educators with tools to streamline administrative tasks and enhance instructional strategies. AI-powered tools can automate grading, create interactive lessons, and provide real-time feedback to students. This allows teachers to focus more on facilitating learning and developing critical thinking skills in students. Furthermore, AI is revolutionizing the assessment process, moving beyond traditional exams to more dynamic and insightful evaluation methods. AI-powered assessment tools can analyze student responses in real-time, providing immediate feedback and insights into student comprehension and learning progress. The integration of AI in education also extends to administrative functions, such as student enrollment, scheduling, and resource allocation. AI-powered systems can optimize these processes, leading to more efficient and effective management of educational institutions. Despite the numerous benefits of AI in education, challenges remain, including concerns about data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the need for teacher training. Addressing these challenges will be crucial to maximizing the potential of AI in education and ensuring equitable access to quality education for all. In conclusion, AI is revolutionizing education by enhancing learning experiences, transforming teaching methodologies, and optimizing administrative processes. As AI continues to evolve, its impact on education is expected to grow, offering new opportunities to improve learning outcomes and prepare students for success in the digital age.
 Keywords: Revolutionizing, AI, Enhancing, Learning, Experiences.

Significance of Experiments in Inquiry-based Science Teaching

Inquiry-based science teaching (IBST) has garnered considerable interest in recent years due to its ability to improve students’ comprehension of scientific ideas and procedures. Experiments are crucial in IBST since they are key instruments for promoting inquiry, investigation, and discovery in the classroom. This research thoroughly analyses the importance of experiments in IBST, focusing on how they encourage active involvement, critical thinking, and better conceptual comprehension in students. This study highlights the many advantages of experiments in IBST using theoretical frameworks, empirical research, and practical insights. It also provides advice for effectively implementing them in educational practice.

Impact of background music on reading comprehension: influence of lyrics language and study habits.

Numerous studies have explored the effects of background music on reading comprehension, however, little is known about how native language (L1) lyrics and second language (L2) lyrics in background music influence reading comprehension performance for college students. The present study used a mixed experimental design to examine the effects of listening habits (between-participants variable: non-listeners or listeners), music type (between-participants variable: L1 (Mandarin) pop music, L2 (English) pop music or no music) and text language (within-participants variable: L1 or L2) on reading comprehension of college students in East China. A total of 90 participants (50 females) were screened into non- listeners (n = 45) and listeners (n = 45), and then were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Mandarin pop music group (n = 30), English pop music group (n = 30) and no music group (n = 30). The results showed that reading comprehension performance was negatively affected by music with lyrics compared to the no music condition. Furthermore, Chinese/English reading comprehension was reduced more by pop music in the same language as the written texts. As expected, non-listeners were more negatively affected by music with lyrics than listeners. For both listeners and non-listeners, average reading comprehension accuracy rates were the lowest in the condition of music with native language lyrics. Overall, our research findings indicate that listening to pop music with lyrics reduces reading comprehension performance. However, listening to background music cause much less distraction if the students commonly listen to music while reading. The current study supports the duplex-mechanism account of auditory distraction.

Measure The Level of English Comprehension for First Semester Students

It is very important to form soft skills, this study is to determine the level of English proficiency of the PGSD Semester 1 study program on the campus Djuanda University is one of the universities located on Jagorawi Toll Road No. 1, Ciawi, Ciawi District, Bogor Regency, West Java 16720, which of course has different English language skills. With this research, it is hoped that you will know the level of understanding of English discussion of the PGSD Semester 1 study program at the University of Djuanda campus. The method used is a qualitative method using the interview method, so that with this method a clear picture of the level of English understanding of PGSD Semester 1 students will be known. The findings are the most important part of the abstract and should not exclude their range and quality; Therefore, the results of this study show that there are some students who still have difficulty in speaking English, but experience better improvement than when they were high school students. In English, more emphasis is placed on vocabulary mastery, if the student is used to pronouncing the wrong word, there will be a tendency for him not to be able to provide clear information, the more vocabulary mastered by the student, the easier it is to learn English.In the context of this study, certain assessment methods such as written tests proved to be more effective in measuring the level of English comprehension than oral tests but, This conclusion also highlights the need for a holistic approach that considers different aspects of language understanding for more accurate evaluation, the implication of this assessment is the importance of using varied and comprehensive assessment methods in evaluating English comprehension being an important factor in the development of more effective educational approaches.

PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB TOPIK ‘ADAD MA’DŪD MELALUI HIBRIDISASI YOUTUBE DAN QUIZIZZ PADA GENERASI DIGITAL NATIVE

<p style="text-align: justify;"> <em>Learning Arabic, especially the topic of 'Adad Ma'dud,' faces challenges in student comprehension and motivation, especially among the digital native generation. This research applies a qualitative descriptive method approach with field observations to elaborate on the implementation of learning through the hybridization between the digital media YouTube and Quizizz as digital learning media among students at SMK-IT Daarussyifa. The research results demonstrate the importance of the teachers role in implementing Arabic language learning especially the topic of ‘Adad Ma’dud, by utilizing digital media that combines YouTube and Quizizz. Students' perspectives on the hybridization of YouTube and Quizizz are highly positive, showing enthusiasm and better understanding of the material when compared to without using the hybridization of the two media. The majority of students were able to overcome technical challenges and enjoyed using both media in learning. Apart from that, students' learning outcomes also significantly improve after implementing of media hybridization. Therefore, learning Arabic, especially the topic ‘Adad Ma’dud through the hybridization of YouTube and Quizizz proves to be an effective solution for enhancing student comprehension and motivation, especially among the digital native generation.</em></p>