Comprehensive Efficiency Research Articles

Developing A Semantic Ontology to Represent Knowledge About Thai Amulets

This study aims to construct a comprehensive ontology for Thai amulets that accurately encapsulates the scope of knowledge, structure, and concepts pertaining to this subject. The ontology development process encompasses three primary stages. The initial stage involves gathering expertise from specialists and relevant literature on Thai amulets. The subsequent stage examines individuals interested in amulets' behavior and information requirements. The final stage entails the creation of the ontology using the Protege program. This process is subdivided into three main tasks: 1) defining the objectives of the ontology, 2) constructing the ontology, and 3) evaluating the ontology. The development of the amulet knowledge ontology resulted in the establishment of 17 main classes and 20 subclasses. Structural efficiency was assessed using the OntOlogies Pitfall Scanner (OOPS!). Understanding the structural integrity of the amulets facilitates their dissemination and community utilization. Expert evaluations indicate that the ontology achieved a comprehensive efficiency rating of 4.63. Additionally, creating a semantic search system is deemed suitable for further development.

Comparative analysis of amine-functionalized silica for direct air capture (DAC): Material characterization, performance, and thermodynamic efficiency

Direct air capture (DAC) technology faces challenges due to energy-intensive processes and limited CO2 capture capacity under atmospheric concentration. Utilizing adsorption techniques with solid sorbents offers a sustainable solution. This study investigates the performance, efficiency, and regeneration energy of various amines (TEPA, low and high molecular weights PEI and APTES) functionalized mesoporous silica (SBA-15) for DAC. Comprehensive investigations, including characterization and thermodynamic efficiency evaluation, are conducted for CO2 adsorption under dry and humid conditions (50 % RH). Functionalizing SBA-15 with TEPA, PEI-L and PEI-H, and TEPA significantly improves CO2 adsorption, increasing capacities to 2.1, 1.36, and 1.11 mmol/g, respectively, and introduction of humidity further increases CO2 capacities to 3.17, 2.87, and 1.68 mmol/g, respectively. However, there’s a trade-off in thermodynamic efficiency due to energy consumed in desorbing water molecules. S-TEP exhibits the highest thermodynamic efficiency in dry conditions, while S-PEI-L achieves the highest efficiency in humid conditions. Stability tests of all material in addition to, the commercial material, lewatit demonstrate robust regenerability over 10 cycles under both dry and humid conditions (50 % RH). This study provides insights into functionalized SBA-15 performance in CO2 adsorption, with implications for efficient and sustainable indoor DAC processes.

Heat Transfer Performance and Operation Scheme of the Deeply Buried Pipe Energy Pile Group

This paper describes a study on the heat transfer properties of the deeply buried pipeline energy pile group, which is an efficient and convenient geothermal development technology. Through in situ experiments and a simulation algorithm, the research investigated the heat transmission characteristics of the deeply buried pipe energy pile group and optimized different intermittent operation schemes. The findings suggest that prolonged operation of the pile cluster intensifies heat buildup within the pile foundation, thereby adversely affecting the system’s overall heat exchange efficiency. Employing an intermittent operating mode can alleviate this heat accumulation phenomenon, thereby promoting sustained heat exchange performance of the piles over time. To evaluate the comprehensive thermal interaction and energy efficiency ratio of the energy pile heat exchange system, various intermittent operation strategies were compared in the study. Among them, the intermittent operational scheme with a ratio of n = 5 was found to be optimal, with the total average heat transfer rate of the pile set only 0.51% lower than that of the continuous operational mode, but the overall energy efficiency ratio improved by 19.6%. The intermittent operational mode proposed in this study can achieve the goal of saving energy and efficiently extracting geothermal resources, providing theoretical guidance for the extraction and utilization of subsurface geothermal power by energy piles.

The diffusion path and influencing factors of shrimp farming technology

Aquatic products have played an increasingly important role in residents’ diets, with improved production capacity and living standards in recent years. Accelerating the organic diffusion of aquaculture technology is an effective way to increase production. Taking the example of South American white shrimp aquaculture, this article combines carbon emissions and aquaculture cost benefits. By using data from South American white shrimp aquaculture in Hebei, Shandong, and Jiangsu Province in China from 2016 to 2021, the article innovatively considers aquaculture cycle carbon emissions as non-expected output, constructs a non-expected SBM-DEA super-efficiency model to evaluate the comprehensive efficiency of two aquaculture technologies, and analyzes the influencing factors of the diffusion of shrimp culture technology through case studies. The research results show that the comprehensive efficiency of factory-based aquaculture technology is generally better than pond-based aquaculture, but carbon emissions are higher in the factory model. The main factors affecting the diffusion of factory-based technology are policy support, social networks, farmers’ own situations, and technological attributes.

A comparative investigation of eco-friendly fly ash-based geopolymer mortar produced by using electrical and heat curing: Mechanical properties, energy consumption and cost

This study investigates the eco-friendly fly ash-based geopolymer mortar (GM) production using electrical curing (EC) and heat curing. Within the scope of the study, GM produced using the EC method was compared with GM produced using the heat curing (HC) method in terms of mechanical properties, energy consumption, and cost. The study consists of a preliminary experiment to determine the parameters to be used, mortar experiments using the limited parameters defined in preliminary experiments, and an energy consumption and cost analysis. In the preliminary experiments, different mix designs produced according to different MS modulus and Na2O concentrations were studied to decide an applicable range for temperatures of HC and an applicable range for voltages of EC. In the second stage, EC and HC were compared according to temperature changes in GMs, current changes in GMs, and compressive strength (CS). As a final stage, an energy consumption and cost analysis were performed to compare two curing methods according to the updated dollar-based unit prices for electricity per kWh for industrial uses in various countries in February 2024. Results showed that the MS modulus should be at least 1.2 and the Na2O concentration should be 10 % on average to obtain a workable mortar. The compressive strength of all mortars with any MS modulus increased up to 100 °C and then decreased HC applied samples. Stress values of 20, 25, 30, and 35 volts are applicable and the highest compressive strength values could be obtained with 25 volts, and 6 h of application is sufficient at 25 volts EC. MS module is a key parameter in current and temperature change. In EC application, 30 volts is the threshold value, and when an electrical voltage above 30 volts is applied, the mortar's internal temperature suddenly reaches the peak value and the desired compressive strength results cannot be achieved. According to the cost analysis, it is seen that the HC electricity cost is 6.78 times more than the EC cost. A comprehensive efficiency calculation is strongly recommended for future studies. It has also been concluded that geopolymers could gain strength at much lower voltage values, so they have the potential to consume less electrical energy in comparison to conventional concrete.

Exploration and practice of cleaner production of titanium dioxide by sulfuric acid process

In China, titanium dioxide production is still based on sulfuric acid process which suffers from high energy consumption, serious pollution and long process. For solves the traditional problems, cleaner production is an effective way for the high-quality development and comprehensive green transformation of sulfate titanium dioxide industry. Taking a titanium dioxide company in Panzhihua as an example, this paper expounds the exploration and practice of utilizing advanced process equipment to transform the original specific process and improve the clean production process and equipment. The company has upgraded the continuous acidolysis process, VCE (Vapor-Condense-Evaporate) crystallization process and MVR (Mechanical Vapor Recompression) concentration process for the three core sections with serious waste and energy consumption, and effectively coupled with the other original sections. Through the analysis of production operation, the new process significantly improves the comprehensive resources utilization efficiency of titanium, sulfur and iron, improves the working environment of labors, and reduces the energy consumption, the amount of three wastes and the production cost. Company in the gradual realization of cleaner production, made beneficial exploration.

Examining the Impact of Urban Connectivity on Urban Innovation Efficiency: An Empirical Study of Yangtze River Delta in China

Innovation serves as a vital catalyst for sustainable urban development, with the enhancement of urban innovation efficiency representing a critical strategy to bolster cities’ innovative capacity. Rigorous scientific measurement of urban innovation efficiency and thorough investigation into the key factors influencing it are imperative for advancing urban innovation capacity. Despite this significance, prior research has largely overlooked the impact of urban connections on urban innovation efficiency. Therefore, this paper undertakes the task of measuring the innovation efficiency of 27 cities within China’s Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region using an improved DEA model, while also examining the associated influencing factors. The primary findings are as follows: (1) The comprehensive efficiency of the 27 cities in the YRD remains relatively low, with pure technical efficiency representing a notable constraint, while scale efficiency demonstrates higher overall performance. (2) The cities can be classified into four distinct categories: innovation-leading, innovation-optimizing, innovation-breaking, and innovation-improving cities. (3) The urban innovation efficiency within the YRD exhibits negative spatial spillover effects. (4) And notably, local economic and social characteristics such as human capital and degree of openness play a positive role in enhancing innovation efficiency in YRD cities. Conversely, factors such as economic foundation and government involvement exhibit negative contributions to innovation efficiency enhancement in YRD cities. Additionally, population mobility between cities is identified as a significant contributor to urban innovation efficiency. This study sheds light on the complex dynamics shaping urban innovation efficiency and underscores the importance of leveraging urban connections to bolster innovation capacity in the YRD and beyond.

Effective Automation of End-to-End Testing for OTT Platforms

The rapid evolution of Over-the-Top (OTT) platforms has reshaped the digital media landscape, necessitating robust testing strategies to ensure seamless user experiences and service reliability. Effective automation of end-to-end testing for OTT platforms emerges as a crucial strategy to address the complexities associated with diverse content delivery, user interactions, and varying device compatibilities. This paper explores the challenges and best practices in automating end-to-end testing processes for OTT platforms, focusing on integrating various testing tools, frameworks, and methodologies to achieve comprehensive coverage and efficiency. OTT platforms deliver content directly over the internet, bypassing traditional broadcast and cable channels. This direct-to-consumer approach introduces unique challenges in testing, such as ensuring consistent performance across different devices, network conditions, and content types. Additionally, the dynamic nature of content libraries and frequent updates necessitate rigorous testing to identify and rectify potential issues proactively. Automation, with its capacity to simulate real-world usage scenarios, streamline repetitive tasks, and enhance testing accuracy, plays a pivotal role in addressing these challenges. The paper first outlines the primary challenges in end-to-end testing for OTT platforms. These challenges include the need for cross-platform compatibility, performance under varying network conditions, and the ability to handle diverse content formats and streaming protocols. The complexities are compounded by the requirement for real-time performance metrics and user experience evaluations, which demand a sophisticated testing infrastructure.

Analysis of Oxygen Consumption in Lead and Zinc Metallurgy

This article analyzes the role of oxygen in lead zinc metallurgy, including shortening the metallurgical process, promoting energy conservation and environmental protection, improving metallurgical strength, enhancing raw material adaptability, and enhancing comprehensive recovery efficiency. This article introduces different lead zinc metallurgical processes and their oxygen consumption characteristics, including oxygen enriched side blowing lead smelting, oxygen bottom blowing lead smelting, oxygen enriched top blowing lead smelting, flash smelting lead, oxygen pressure leaching zinc smelting, and atmospheric pressure oxygen leaching zinc smelting. It is pointed out that oxygen enhanced metallurgy is the direction for the transformation and upgrading of lead zinc metallurgy.

Economic and Energy Efficiency Analysis of the Biogas Plant Digestate Management Methods

The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive economic and energy efficiency analysis of selected digestate management methods, considering their implications on operational costs and resource management. To achieve this aim, the study focuses on a comparative assessment of different digestate management methods, including land application, mechanical separation, the composting process and pellet production. The economic analysis involves the evaluation of the initial investment, operational expenses, and potential revenue streams associated with each method. The most economical and popular solution of digestate management is direct use as fertilizer, with total costs of 1.98 EUR·Mg−1. All of the other methods involve higher digestate management costs, respectively; for separation it is 2.42 EUR·Mg−1, for composting it is 2.81 EUR·Mg−1. The process that is the most energy-intensive, but profitable, is the production of pellets from digestate, resulting in profits of 334,926 EUR·year−1. It should be noted that the other analyzed methods of digestate management also bring many environmental benefits, affecting sustainability and reducing emissions. The results of this research will contribute unique data on the feasibility of managing the digestate and its fractions. The calculations of economic and energy values for different strategies will allow for the optimization of the overall performance of the biogas plant, thus promoting a circular economy.

Clinical application of serum CST4 combined with tumor markers in the diagnosis of digestive system malignant tumors.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of plasma human cystatin-S (CST4) in patients with digestive system malignant tumors. CST4 and tumor markers, such as α-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen (CA)199, CA125, CA153 and CA724, were detected in blood samples from 100 patients with a digestive system malignant tumor and 100 patients with benign digestive system diseases. The tumor markers AFP, CEA, CA199, CA125, CA153 and CA724 were detected using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, and CST4 levels were detected using a human CST4 ELISA kit. The results demonstrated that the sensitivities of AFP and CA153 (both 5.00%) were significantly lower than that of CST4 (38.00%) in the diagnosis of digestive system malignancy (P<0.001), and CA724 (18.00%) was also less sensitive than CST4 (P<0.05). The sensitivities of CA199 (26.00%), CEA (31.00%) and CA125 (25.00%) were similar to that of CST4 (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the CEA, CA125, CA724 and CST4 specificities (P>0.05), which were 91.00, 95.00, 94.00 and 83.00%, respectively. The specificities of AFP (99.00%), CA199 (98.00%) and CA153 (100.00%) were significantly higher than that of CST4 (P<0.01). By constructing a receiver operating characteristic curve and comparing the area under the curve as well as sensitivity, the findings of the present study demonstrated that combining CST4 with AFP, CEA, CA199, CA125, CA153 and CA724 can significantly enhance the diagnostic sensitivity for malignancies of the digestive system. However, the introduction of CST4 into the traditional diagnostic groups (CEA + AFP, CA199 + CA125 + CA153 + CA724 and AFP + CEA + CA199 + CA125 + CA153 + CA724) resulted in an increased sensitivity and loss of specificity, thereby not offering significant advantages in terms of comprehensive diagnostic efficiency compared with the traditional diagnostic groups. In conclusion, CST4 detection may be a promising diagnostic tool. Nonetheless, the potential false positive results in tumor diagnosis should be taken into consideration when developing new diagnostic groups involving CST4.

Medium-term interval optimal scheduling of terraced hydropower plants considering carbon trading scenarios

Given the escalating issue of greenhouse gas emissions, the Certified Emission Reduction (CER) mechanism has been further developed, which provides additional revenues and improves the efficiency of renewable energy projects including terraced hydropower plants. However, limited literature integrates the role of the CER scheme into the optimal scheduling of the terraced hydropower plants. To establish a low-carbon economical operation strategy for terraced hydropower plants considering CER, we first specify the CER calculation method for hydropower plants using emissions baseline analysis. Then, a CER-embedded optimal scheduling model for terraced hydropower plants is established. Therefore, the benefits of CER are combined to the consideration of the overall benefits of hydropower plants, which guides the hydropower plant generation operation strategy. Ultimately, we focus on five typical operating scenarios for terraced hydropower where generation benefits, different CER prices, power subsidies for the summer peak load period, and extreme weather factors with dry water are respectively considered. Further, a comparative analysis of individual factor impacts is conducted in a pairwise manner. Results demonstrate that the proposed model can improve the comprehensive efficiency of the terraced hydropower plants by 18.45 % while the water discarded can be reduced by about 0.413 million m³.

أثر استخدام المستحدثات التقنية على تحصيل طالبات الصف ثاني متوسط في مادة الرياضيات

The study aimed to determine the effect of using technological innovations on the achievement of seventh-grade female students in the subject of mathematics. To know this effect, the descriptive analytical method was used, which is based on collecting data from sample members and then analyzing and interpreting the data. Two research tools were used: tests of reliability and validity and a questionnaire to measure the impact of using technical innovations in teaching mathematics. The study included all female students in the second intermediate grade at the Umm Habiba Complex for Al-Quran Al-Karim Memorization in Riyadh. It was conducted during the third semester of the year 2024. There were forty-six female students. The sample individuals were chosen by a simple random method. The results of the study showed the effectiveness of using technical innovations in raising the achievement level at the level of understanding, remembering, and application among the research group. It also became clear that the use of modern technologies increases the efficiency of students' comprehension and increases their achievement abilities. It showed that 70% of the students' understanding of mathematics depends on using modern. Methods for teaching mathematics subjects considering these results, the researchers presented some proposals for employing technical innovations to teach and learn mathematics. Researchers also proposed suggestions for conducting some future studies to reveal the impact of employing technical. Innovations on some variables related to teaching and learning mathematics.

Assessing efficiency in sustainable allocation of agricultural scientific and technological talent: a spatial-temporal analysis in China

Efficient allocation of agricultural scientific and technological talents (ASTTs) is crucial for agricultural innovation and economic development. This study aims to systematically evaluate ASTTs’ allocation efficiency in provincial agricultural research institutions in China, aiding decision-making for local governments and research bodies. Utilizing data from 2009 to 2019 across 31 provinces, an output-oriented data envelopment analysis model measures ASTTs’ allocation efficiency and analyzes its trends, regional differences, and spatial characteristics. Results show: (1) Provincial ASTTs’ mean comprehensive technical efficiency (CTE) in China was 0.786, with room for improvement. (2) Enhanced CTE was driven by scale efficiency improvements, while pure technical efficiency declined, indicating a need for better management systems and technology applications. (3) Disparities in ASTTs’ allocation efficiency among provinces decreased, with higher efficiencies in the East and Central-Southern China regions. At the provincial level, areas like Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan, and Sichuan demonstrated relatively high ASTTs allocation efficiencies. (4) Spatial agglomeration of ASTTs’ allocation efficiency was localized in a few major agricultural provinces without a significant overall effect. These findings advocate for further optimization of ASTTs’ regional layout and management mechanisms in China.

Flexible allocation and optimal configuration of multi-level energy exploitation units for heterogeneous energy systems considering resource distribution

The energy systems are evolving into heterogeneous energy systems (HESs) with complicated integration of sources, networks, loads, and storage towards a decarbonized future of human beings. This paper develops the flexible allocation and optimal configuration of multi-level energy exploitation units (MEEUs) for the HES considering resource distribution including local energy conditions and actual coupled relationship of various energy networks. A bi-level optimal planning model of MEEUs for the HES considering initial investment cost, carbon emission cost, operation cost and line loss is developed to figure out the optimal location, structure, configuration and corresponding operation strategy. To address the non-convex and non-linear model, a novel hybrid solution method considering the mixing characteristics of mixed-integer second-order cone programming (MISOCP) model and quadratic non-convex model is proposed. The solution method adopts MISOCP model for figuring out the optimal location, structure and configuration of MEEUs and quadratic non-convex model for optimal operation strategy of MEEUs, which not only improves the computational efficiency but also ensures the solution accuracy. Finally, the related case studies are conducted to compare the proposed MEEU and distributed energy storage unit (DESU) in terms of energy consumption, renewable energy absorbency, carbon emission and line loss. The results verify the significant improvement of the comprehensive energy efficiency, the investment potentiality and the environmental benefits obtained by the proposed planning model.

Comprehensive performance analysis of CST-PV system based on spectral beam splitting film

Abstract In this paper, a novel linear Fresnel concentrator (LFC) with a rotating platform was constructed, and a novel concentrated solar thermal and photovoltaic (CST-PV) hybrid system utilizing spectral beam splitting was established on the LFC. A spectral beam-splitting film (SBSF) was coated on the PV cell’s inner glass wall, replacing the LFC’s primary reflector. The SBSF can transmit the solar spectrum of 300-1100 nm to the photovoltaic (PV) cells and reflect the remaining solar wavelengths to the absorber to generate heat. The LFC’s cosine efficiency and end efficiency after azimuthal compensation by a rotating platform were calculated through theoretical analysis. The effects of temperature on the efficiency of PV and linear Fresnel solar systems were studied through experimental and numerical simulations. The comprehensive utilization efficiency evaluation method was established. The results show that the LFC’s end efficiency and cosine efficiency in this paper, after azimuthal compensation, increased by 31.7% and 33.7%, respectively, compared with the east-west and north-south axis placement. The comprehensive utilization efficiency of the CST-PV system based on SBS is 61.58%, which increased by 13.47% compared to that of the single fixed PV system.

Loss model of low pressure compressor for mechanical vapor recompression system

Abstract Low pressure compressor (LPC) serves the role of enhancing pressure levels of secondary steam at nominal pressure ratios (1.5), procured from the evaporator as a primary thermal energy source. A loss model has been proficiently proposed to rapidly predict the performance of the LPC. Instead of conventional lump sum loss equations, the model adopts well-established one-dimensional (1D) loss formulations scattered across scholarly publications. Given an explicit configuration of the LPC, the environmental conditions, rotational velocity, and capacity, static and total temperatures, static and total pressures, pressure reductions, polytropic head, and efficiencies of each individual segment of the compressor can be calculated. Validation of this model was done using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. This model renders it feasible to conduct a parametric examination of the impact of each loss apparatus on the LPC’s capability, thereby aiding designers in substantiating design choices that minimize these losses and consequently positively influencing the comprehensive efficiency.

Introduction of Plug-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (PASB) reactor for wastewater treatment

Plug-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor (PASB) was used as the experimental reactor for the treatment as a replacement for Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor (UASB). The novelty of this study is to analyse the applicability of a novel post-treatment for anaerobically treated water by modifying UASB reactor which might be cost-effective, sustainable, and time-saving in the field of anaerobic treatment. Low-strength and high-strength (Leachate) wastewater (WW) were anaerobically treated under ambient temperature (28ºC-32ºC) with different Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) values using a PASB and UASB setup. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal efficiency, biogas production rate, and gas composition were recorded and analysed. The average influent COD concentration of the low-strength wastewater was about 2070 ± 70 mg/L during the operation period of the reactor, and the COD removal efficiency of PASB was 90 ± 0.2 % which was 16 % enhancement at 10 h (hrs) HRT compared to UASB. The maximum biogas production recorded at this HRT was 13.72 ± 0.16 mL/h/L, which was 30.7 % higher than UASB. For leachate, COD concentration was about 6270 ± 220 mg/L, and COD removal efficiency was 97.2 ± 0.2 %. It is about a 23 % increase compared to UASB, at 8 hrs HRT and the maximum biogas production rate obtained for leachate treatment was 71.57 ± 1.53 mL/h/L and it was 30 % escalation than UASB. Hence, the PASB Reactor seems to be a desirable technique in compared with UASB to reach a comprehensive treatment efficiency, with efficient biogas exploitation to meet goals of renewable energy especially in tropical nations where less reactor heating is needed.

Comparative analysis and implementation of DC microgrid systems versus AC microgrid performance

DC power systems have emerged as a cost-effective solution for electric power generation and transmission, challenging the dominance of AC distribution systems. However, a comprehensive efficiency comparison between DC and AC microgrids remains understudied. This study seeks to explore and conduct a thorough survey on development and designing of DC microgrids to address this gap. Firstly, a comprehensive literature review comparing the efficiencies of AC and DC microgrids has been presented. The analysis highlights the superior efficiency of DC distribution systems over AC systems, supported by detailed advantages. Secondly, hardware implementation has been performed to directly compare the efficiency of DC versus AC systems. Research validity and application are further improved by the hardware prototype’s scalability, which in simulation allows for a thorough assessment of system stability over a range of scenarios from four to six terminals. Test results from the built hardware prototype demonstrate an astounding 15% increase in efficiency using the DC system compared to the AC system, demonstrating its potential for improved performance in real-world scenarios. In simulation results, the designed DC microgrid demonstrates stable voltages of 500V under steady state operation and rapid recovery within 80 ms under both symmetrical and asymmetrical faults has been observed. The research being investigated utilizes hardware implementation and simulation to provide useful insights into the efficiency and stability of DC microgrids in comparison to AC systems. These results are important for developing robust power distribution networks in modern energy environments, promoting sustainability and dependability in infrastructure growth.

Research on the Evaluation of the Efficiency of Beijing's High-Quality Economic Development

This paper constructs a three-level evaluation index system for the high-quality development of Beijing's economy from six dimensions and evaluates the efficiency of high-quality development of the economy from 2000 to 2019 by using the DEA model with non-expected outputs. The main conclusions are as follows: from the point of view of development efficiency, the comprehensive efficiency as a whole shows a first decline and then an increase, and there is little difference in scale efficiency, which is completely close to scale efficiency.