Release Of Compounds Research Articles

Bioactive Phenolic Compounds from Apples during Simulated In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion: Kinetics of Their Release

Bioactive phenolic compounds in their natural form show beneficial effects on the gastrointestinal system. The kinetics of their release are important for understanding those effects. The aim was to study the kinetics of the release of phenolic compounds from apples during in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion by using modified equations of first- and second-order kinetics. 35% and 67% of total phenolic compounds were released in the gastric phase, and 26% and 27% in the intestinal phase (peel and flesh, respectively). Intensive release of anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, dihydrochalcones, phenolic acids, and flavonols occurred in the first 10 min of gastric digestion. In intestinal digestion, flavan-3-ols and anthocyanins were not identified; the dihydrochalcone amount decreased, while phenolic acids and flavonols showed stability. Concentrations at the endpoint of the release (c∞) were determined with kinetic equations fitted well to the experimental data (cexp) (r2 = 0.9973 and 0.9946 for first- and second-order). The half-life for released phenolic subgroups in gastric digestion was up to 3.5 (first-order kinetics) or 2.5 min (second-order), or in intestinal digestion up to 20.9 (first-order) or 32.3 min (second-order). Modified equations reported here for the first time fit well with the experimental data.

Microalgae biomass as an alternative source of biocompounds: New insights and future perspectives of extraction methodologies

Microalgae have characteristics that make them unique and full of potential. Their capacity to generate interesting bioactive molecules can add value to various industrial applications. However, most of these valuable compounds are intracellular, which makes their extraction a major bottleneck. Conventional extraction methodologies have some drawbacks, such as low eco-friendly character, high costs and energy demand, long treatment times, low selectivity and reduced extraction yields, as well as degradation of extracted compounds. The gaps found for these methods demonstrate that emergent approaches, such as ohmic heating, pulsed electric fields, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, or high-pressure processing, show potential to overcome the current drawbacks in the release and extraction of added-value compounds from microalgae. These new processing techniques can potentially extract a variety of compounds, making the process more profitable and applicable to large scales. This review provides an overview of the most important and promising factors to consider in the extraction methodologies applied to microalgae. Additionally, it delivers broad knowledge of the present impact of these methods on biomass and its compounds, raising the possibility of applying them in an integrated manner within a biorefinery concept.

Evaluation of different characteristics and bioactivities of chitosan-based films incorporating Eugenia caryophyllus and Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oils

Nowadays, using biodegradable and active packaging as an alternative to oil-based plastics become a trend. Thus, we aimed in this study to develop and generally evaluate chitosan-based films (CH-film) incorporating C. zeylanicum and E. caryophyllus essential oils (EOs) for eventual utilization as food active-packaging. Experimental data revealed that the film thickness and opacity increased from 2.2- to 6-folds, and from 2.6- to 4.5-folds respectively, following the addition of EOs. Moreover, the treated materials revealed a significant drop in hydrophobicity, elongation at break, moisture content, and swelling degree, especially in the case of cinnamon EO treatment. A correlation was observed between the antioxidant property and total phenolic content. The DPPH inhibitory behavior and release of phenolic compounds of the treated CH-films increased over time, reaching third-day values higher than 15 mg gallic acid/g sample, and 80% of DPPH inhibition, respectively. Finally, the introduction of clove and cinnamon EOs significantly promotes the antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of the material against Escherichia coli, Enterococcus hirae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biofilm inhibition values ranged from 69.76 to 96.97% depending on the bacterial species.These promising findings encourage the potential utilization of CH-films supplemented with EOs such as cinnamon and clove EOs to replace plastic-based films as packaging, especially in the agri-food industry.

Preparation of a Novel Formaldehyde-Free Impregnated Decorative Paper Containing MnO2 Nanoparticles for Highly Efficient Formaldehyde Removal.

The loading of catalytic manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanoparticles onto an impregnated decorative paper has been an effective method for the removal of indoor formaldehyde (HCHO) pollutants. However, its preparation can present numerous challenges, including instability in dipping emulsions and leaching. In this investigation, a novel and stable formaldehyde-free polyacrylate dipping emulsion containing MnO2 particles was prepared and then back-coated on a decorative paper. To improve the dispersion and fixation, the MnO2 was modified with silane. HCHO can undergo physical adsorption on the cellulosic fibers present in the paper, while it can also undergo chemical degradation into CO2 within the MnO2 groups. The silane not only enhanced the interfacial adhesion to a polyacrylate resin but also increased the interlayer distance, thereby creating a larger space for HCHO absorption. The impregnated decorative paper back-coated with 10 wt % of silane-modified MnO2 exhibited a removal efficiency of approximately 90% for HCHO at 20 °C. The removal rate further improved to approximately 100% when the temperature was increased to 60 °C. Moreover, it is worth noting that the release of volatile organic compounds was exceptionally minimal. Additionally, the particleboard bonded with this impregnated decorative paper exhibited an extremely low emission of HCHO, with a value that approached 0 mg·L-1. Furthermore, the bonding strength of the surface remained unaffected. Therefore, this study provides a simple and eco-friendly method for effectively removing HCHO, which can enhance indoor air quality.

Symbiont Identity Impacts the Microbiome and Volatilome of a Model Cnidarian-Dinoflagellate Symbiosis.

The symbiosis between cnidarians and dinoflagellates underpins the success of reef-building corals in otherwise nutrient-poor habitats. Alterations to symbiotic state can perturb metabolic homeostasis and thus alter the release of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). While BVOCs can play important roles in metabolic regulation and signalling, how the symbiotic state affects BVOC output remains unexplored. We therefore characterised the suite of BVOCs that comprise the volatilome of the sea anemone Exaiptasia diaphana ('Aiptasia') when aposymbiotic and in symbiosis with either its native dinoflagellate symbiont Breviolum minutum or the non-native symbiont Durusdinium trenchii. In parallel, the bacterial community structure in these different symbiotic states was fully characterised to resolve the holobiont microbiome. Based on rRNA analyses, 147 unique amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were observed across symbiotic states. Furthermore, the microbiomes were distinct across the different symbiotic states: bacteria in the family Vibrionaceae were the most abundant in aposymbiotic anemones; those in the family Crocinitomicaceae were the most abundant in anemones symbiotic with D. trenchii; and anemones symbiotic with B. minutum had the highest proportion of low-abundance ASVs. Across these different holobionts, 142 BVOCs were detected and classified into 17 groups based on their chemical structure, with BVOCs containing multiple functional groups being the most abundant. Isoprene was detected in higher abundance when anemones hosted their native symbiont, and dimethyl sulphide was detected in higher abundance in the volatilome of both Aiptasia-Symbiodiniaceae combinations relative to aposymbiotic anemones. The volatilomes of aposymbiotic anemones and anemones symbiotic with B. minutum were distinct, while the volatilome of anemones symbiotic with D. trenchii overlapped both of the others. Collectively, our results are consistent with previous reports that D. trenchii produces a metabolically sub-optimal symbiosis with Aiptasia, and add to our understanding of how symbiotic cnidarians, including corals, may respond to climate change should they acquire novel dinoflagellate partners.

Caffeine-treated wood as an innovative filler for advanced polymer composites

Polymer composites, based on the wood flour originating from an invasive black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) treated with caffeine to achieve increased bio-resistance, were obtained in this study. The caffeine-treated wood had a significant effect on the supermolecular structure of polymer matrix, resulting in a high content of polymorphic β-PP phase, as well as an increase in nucleation activity of wood surface. The caffeine treatment of wood was an effective method of achieving increased resistance of composites to selected fungi and bacteria while maintaining good mechanical strength and thermal resistance. Addition of black cherry wood to polymer matrix induced inhibition of the release of volatile organic compounds. Increased resistance to fungi and bacteria depended on formation a significant amount of the β-phase up to 35% in the composite with 30% of caffeine-treated wooden filler and a simultaneous decrease in crystallinity from 52% for pure PP to 45% for mentioned composite.

Oral Probiotics, Streptococcus salivarius K12 and M18, Suppress the Release of Volatile Sulfur Compounds and a Virulent Protease from Oral Bacteria: An In-Vitro Study.

To evaluate the inhibitory effects of Streptococcus salivarius K12 and M18 strains on the growth of six oral pathogens as well as their release of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), and whether these probiotics can inhibit the expression of arginine-specific gingipain A (RgpA), a protease secreted by Porphyromonas gingivalis. After six halitogenic oral pathogens (P. gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas micra, and Eikenella corrodens) were cultured with or without S. salivarius K12 and M18, the concentration of two VSCs was measured. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of S. salivarius K12 and M18 against these pathogens and the suppressive effect on RgpA release by P. gingivalis were assessed. In the co-culture of S. salivarius K12 or M18 with oral pathogenic bacteria, the growth of all six oral pathogens was significantly inhibited (p < 0.01). Additionally, S. salivarius K12 and M18 had an inhibitory effect on the production of the halitogenic substances H2S and CH3SH (p < 0.01) as well as the expression of P. gingivalis RgpA. Finally, we demonstrated that the addition of only culture supernatants of the two strains K12/M18 to oral pathogen cultures was sufficient to mimic the effects of K12/M18 co-cultures upon VSCs production and protease expression. S. salivarius K12 and M18 inhibited VSC release by all six of the major oral pathogens that were assayed and reduced the expression of RgpA.

Exogenous Threonine-Induced Conversion of Threonine-Xylose Amadori Compound to Heyns Compound for Efficiently Promoting the Formation of Pyrazines.

The involvement of exogenous threonine during the degradation of l-threonine-d-xylose Amadori rearrangement product (Thr-ARP) was found to promote the formation of pyrazines. A model including Thr-ARP and 15N-labeled l-threonine was applied to reveal the role of free threonine in Thr-ARP conversion to pyrazines. Quantitative analyses of pyrazines in the model of Thr-ARP/15N-labeled threonine showed a precedence of the endogenous threonine (formed by the degradation of Thr-ARP) over the exogenous threonine in pyrazines formation, and the ratio of 15N to 14N content in pyrazines increased significantly over time. According to the observed occurrence of the Heyns rearrangement products (HRP) derived from 15N-threonine, as well as the sharp decrease of 15N-threonine content and a rapid increase of 14N endogenous threonine at the initial stage of heat treatment, it was proposed that aldimine condensation between exogenous threonine and Thr-ARP followed by the hydrolysis led to the endogenous threonine and the generation of HRP. Then, the HRP underwent dehydration followed by hydrolysis to form exogenous threonine and deoxyxyosones, and the dehydration and hydrolysis of deoxyxyosones to form organic acids was inhibited, but the retro-aldolization of deoxyxyosones was promoted, facilitating the generation of reactive α-dicarbonyl compounds. In this way, exogenous threonine accelerated the release of endogenous threonine and α-dicarbonyl compounds and the pH decline was slowed down, which was favorable for the formation of pyrazines.

Microencapsulation of Gallic Acid Based on a Polymeric and pH-Sensitive Matrix of Pectin/Alginate.

The encapsulation of gallic acid (GA) through several methods has enhanced its shelf life and facilitated industrial applications. Polymeric matrices made of alginate and pectin were evaluated to encapsulate GA via spray drying. The pH-responsive release mechanism was monitored to validate the matrices' performances as wall materials and extend the bioactive compound stability. The microcapsules produced were characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The retention and encapsulation efficiency ranges were 45-82% and 79-90%, respectively. The higher values were reached at 3 and 0.75% (w/v) pectin and sodium alginate, respectively. The scanning electron microscopy showed smooth spherical capsules and the average particle size ranged from 1327 to 1591 nm. Their performance and stability were evaluated with optimal results at a pH value of 7 throughout the investigation period. Therefore, this work demonstrated the suitability of gallic acid encapsulation via spray drying using pectin and alginate, which are biopolymers that can be obtained from circular economy processes starting from agro-industrial biomass. The developed formulations provide an alternative to protecting and controlling the release of GA, promoting its application in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries and allowing for the release of compounds with high bioactive potential.

Multicomponent-Loaded Vesosomal Drug Carrier for Controlled and Sustained Compound Release.

Liposomes have been extensively adopted in drug delivery systems with clinically approved formulations. However, hurdles remain in terms of loading multiple components and precisely controlling their release. Herein, we report a vesosomal carrier composed of liposomes encapsulated inside the core of another liposome for the controlled and sustained release of multiple contents. The inner liposomes are made of lipids with different compositions and are co-encapsulated with a photosensitizer. Upon induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the contents of the liposomes are released, with each type of liposome displaying distinct kinetics due to the variance in lipid peroxidation for differential structural deformation. In vitro experiments demonstrated immediate content release from ROS-vulnerable liposomes, followed by sustained release from ROS-nonvulnerable liposomes. Moreover, the release trigger was validated at the organismal level using Caenorhabditis elegans. This study demonstrates a promising platform for more precisely controlling the release of multiple components.

Migration of polyphenols from natural and microagglomerated cork stoppers to hydroalcoholic solutions and their sensory impact

During bottling aging, the wine comes into contact with the cork stopper due to the horizontal position of the bottle. The release of compounds, such as cork phenolic compounds, thus take place between the cork and the wine, depending on the type of cork stopper and the surface treatments applied. Many publications describe the extraction of these phenolic compounds in wine or hydroalcoholic solutions from natural corks, but few address microagglomerated corks, which are increasingly used by winemakers to seal their bottles. The aim of this study was therefore to compare the polyphenols, mainly hydrolysable tannins, transferred from natural and microagglomerated corks treated with supercritical CO2 into hydroalcoholic solutions. For this purpose, polyphenols released in macerates of natural and microagglomerated cork stoppers were identified and quantified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-QQQ. Suberic acid was also quantified. In this study, despite the high intra-“natural cork stopper” variability, significant differences were found between both types of stoppers for all polyphenols, the agglomerated corks releasing significantly less polyphenols; i.e., 25 times less. In contrast, suberic acid was extracted from both types of corks in similar concentrations; therefore, its extractability was not impacted by the type of stopper. A sensory profile was also carried out on the macerates. Macerates of natural cork stoppers were perceived with notes of “cardboard, dust, plank, wood” and “cork taint” significantly higher than supercritical CO2 treated microagglomerated cork stopper macerates. Moreover, the natural cork macerate with the highest content in polyphenol was perceived as being more bitter than that of microagglomerated cork stoppers.

Biotransformation of Low-Quality Wastewater into the Production of Water of Economic Value

In recent years, many countries, especially after the increase in population and agricultural land, suffered from a freshwater shortage. This research obtained the positive role of using biotransformation processes to treat contaminated water and reuse it in agriculture. The results indicated that bioremediation of wastewater by using "bacterial consortium” has a positive effect on reducing some biological and non-biological pollutants. There was excellent potential to decrease pathogenic microbes. In addition, the release of some important compounds during the growth of these bacteria in the developing environments, such as some enzymes, amino acids (1.74-fold), organic acids (20.16-fold), gibbrillic acid (2.5-fold), indole acetic acid (1.8-fold), total carbohydrates (10.8-fold), total lipids (18.3-fold) and total phenols (1.68-fold) compared with control.

Sensory Systems in the Peripheral and Central Nervous Systems Shape Host Response During Infections

The function of sensory cells has been largely investigated in the field of neuroscience for how they report the physical and chemical changes of the environment (“exteroception”) and of internal physiology (“interoception”). Investigations over the last century have largely focused on the morphological, electrical and receptor properties of sensory cells in the nervous system focusing on conscious perception of external cues or homeostatic regulation upon detection of internal cues. Research in the last decade has uncovered that sensory cells can often sense polymodal cues, such as mechanical, chemical, and/ or thermal. Furthermore, sensory cells in the peripheral as well as in the central nervous system can detect evidence associated with the invasion of pathogenic bacteria or viruses. The corresponding neuronal activation associated with the presence of pathogens can impact their classical functions within the nervous system and trigger the release of compounds modulating the response to intruders, either triggering pain to raise awareness, enhancing host defense or sometimes, aggravating the infection. This perspective brings to light the need for interdisciplinary training in immunology, microbiology and neuroscience for the next generation of investigators in this field.

Non-thermal treatments of strawberry pulp: The relationship between quality attributes and microstructure

The relationship between quality attributes and microstructure in strawberry pulp after pasteurization (PS), ultrasound (US), electron beam irradiation (EB), and high pressure (HP) treatments was investigated. The results showed that US treatment decreased the viscosity to the lowest by 80.15% and increased the a* value, cloudy stability, and contents of titratable acid, total soluble solid, organic acids, total phenols, total flavonoids, and total anthocyanins (TAC), as well as its antioxidant capacity, due to the decrease in particle size, the destruction of microstructure, and the release of intracellular compounds. US and EB treatments could maintain the volatile compounds. The greatest deterioration in TAC and volatile compound content was found in the pulp treated with PS and HP treatments. HP treatment was beneficial to the enhancement of apparent viscosity, organic acids, and soluble sugar. These results provided insights into the enhancement of quality attributes in strawberry pulp due to the microstructure change.

Surface coating of biomass-modified black phosphorus enhances flame retardancy of rigid polyurethane foam and its synergistic mechanism

A novel surface coating based on chitosan (CS) modified black phosphorus (BP) is obtained through layer-by-layer self-assembly and applied to flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foam (PUF). The CS-BP coating tightly adheres to the PUF surface through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction, improving the PUF's thermal stability, photothermal conversion performance and fire safety performance without compromising its mechanical properties. The 9L-CS-BP/PUF exhibits reduced the peak of CO2 release, PHRR, and THR by 36.7%, 39.5%, and 28.8%, respectively, while increasing its residual carbon content by 35.2%. Moreover, a systematic comparison is made between the residual carbon inside and on the surface before and after combustion, and the results indicate that a large number of P-O-C structures and phosphoric acid derivatives are generated on the surface. The surface carbon layer formed by CS-BP effectively inhibited the thermo-oxidative degradation process of inner PUF. In the gas phase, modification of CS increases both the temperature range for the release of phosphorus-containing compounds during BP pyrolysis and the release of non-combustible gases during combustion, synergistically enhancing the gas-phase flame retardancy of CS-BP coating. This study provides a new approach to enhance the flame retardancy efficiency and broaden the application of BP-based flame retardants.

Development of trans-Chalcone loaded pectin/casein biodegradable microcapsules: Efficacy improvement in the management of experimental colitis

Improved therapies for inflammatory bowel diseases are sorely needed. Novel therapeutic agents and the development of controlled release systems for targeted tissue delivery are interesting approaches to overcome these barriers. We investigated the activity of trans-chalcone (T) in acetic acid-induced colitis in mice and developed, characterized, and determined the therapeutic effect of pectin/casein polymer microcapsules containing T (MT) in a colitis mouse model. In vitro, compound release was achieved in simulated intestinal fluid but not in the simulated gastric fluid. In vivo, since T at the dose of 3 mg/kg but not 0.3 mg/kg ameliorated colitis, we next tested the effects of MT at 0.3 mg/kg (non-effective dose). MT, but not free T at 0.3 mg/kg, significantly improved colitis outcomes such as neutrophil recruitment, antioxidant capacity, cytokine production, and NF-kB activation. This translated into reduced macro and microscopic damage in the colon. T release from the microcapsules is mediated by a pH-dependent and pectinase-regulated mechanism that provide controlled and prolonged release of T. Moreover, MT lowered the required dose for T therapeutic effect, indicating that could be a suitable pharmaceutical approach to colitis treatment. This is the first demonstration that T or MT is effective at reducing the signs of colitis.

Encapsulation of Tea Polyphenol in Zein through Complex Coacervation Technique to Control the Release of the Phenolic Compound from Gelatin–Zein Composite Film

Green tea polyphenol (TP) was encapsulated in zein and fabricated into a gelatin–zein composite film by complex coacervation. Transglutaminase (TG) crosslinking was employed to obtain a compact structural orientation of the film to prolong the release of bioactive compounds. The encapsulation efficiency of zein and the TP release rate from the composite film were investigated. The retention rate was over 30% and 80% after film fabrication and storage, respectively. Crosslinking decreased the diffusion coefficient by half, thus improving the release of TP from the film. The antioxidant properties were satisfactory after discharge from the film detected by DPPH/ABTS scavenging. The value of crosslinking degree (~60%) and increased molecular weight of the protein were investigated by SDS-PAGE, indicating the compatibility of TP and TG treatment. According to physicomechanical findings, the TG2TP1 film exhibited the best characteristics. Tensile strength and water solubility properties were ameliorated by the TG treatment of TP-encapsulated films compared to the control film. TG and TP-loaded gelatin–zein composite film had better thermal stability than the control film. Moreover, the TP loading reduced the transparency value and improved the light-barrier properties of the film. The films showed significant antimicrobial activities against two food-borne bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus BCTC13962 and Escherichia coli BCRC10675. The result obtained shows that the encapsulation of TP and TG treatment may be used to fabricate gelatin–zein composite film with controlled release of phenolic compounds for active packaging applications.

Plant-Based Nano-Emulsions as Edible Coatings in the Extension of Fruits and Vegetables Shelf Life: A Patent Review.

Fresh fruits and vegetables are important sources of minerals, vitamins, fibers, and antioxidants, essential for human well-being. However, some fruits and vegetables are highly perishable with a very short shelf life during storage. Serious consumer concern over the use of chemical preservatives for this purpose has led to a green revolution and a sustainable era where the design and fabrication of edible coatings have attracted considerable interest. In recent years, scientific communities have paid great attention to the development of bio-based edible coatings to extend the postharvest shelf life of fruits and vegetables. Furthermore, nanotechnology has been distinguished as a great strategy for improving coating properties, including a better water barrier and better mechanical, optical, and microstructural properties, as well as gradual and controlled release of bioactive compounds. In this work, patent articles on plant-based nano-emulsions as edible coatings in the extension of fruit and vegetable shelf life were reviewed. The Patentscope search service and Espacenet portal were used, applying a query strategy composed of mesh terms and inclusion criteria. Through database searching, a total of 16 patent documents met the inclusion criteria. Further, to demonstrate the innovation trends in this topic, all relevant patents are described at the end of the study, along with the components, technology, application, and advantages of developed preparations.

Phosphorus adsorption and organic release from dried and thermally treated water treatment sludge

The study investigated water treatment sludge (WTS) as a phosphorus (P) adsorbent and examined the release of organic matter during the P adsorption process. Previous studies indicated that WTS is an effective adsorbent for P but also releases organic matter, which may affect the organoleptic properties of treated water, but no study has characterised organic release and conducted an in-depth study on its behaviours. This study characterised the organic release during the P adsorption process from four different WTS samples. This study also offers results from a 60-day column experiment that indicate that WTS columns effectively removed the majority of P from the 2 mg/L feed solution. The total organic carbon (TOC) release was gradually reduced from 24.9 mg/L on day 1 to stable levels of 4.4 mg/L to 4.1 mg/L from day 22 onwards. After 60 days, when the organic matter was nearly exhausted, WTS columns were still effective in P adsorption from the solution. In addition, the thermal treatment of WTS at different temperatures was investigated to reduce TOC release and increase P adsorption. The results showed that thermal treatment not only minimized TOC release but also enhanced the P adsorption capacity of the sludge. In a 24-h batch experiment, WTS treated at 600 °C showed the highest P adsorption (1.7 mg/g) with negligible TOC release when compared to sludge treated at 500 °C WTS (1.2 mg/g), 700 °C WTS (1.5 mg/g) and dried WTS (0.75 mg/g). However, the release of inorganic compounds slightly increased after thermal treatment. Future studies could focus on determining whether the thermal processing of WTS which can enhance the WTS's adsorption to emerging pollutants like per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances and other contaminants. The findings of this study could influence the management practices of water authorities and contribute to the water sector's sustainability objectives.

A Systematic Review on Cyclodextrin: A Versatile Tool for Enhanced Formulations and Diverse Applications

Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligosaccharides that have gained significant attention in various industries due to their unique structural properties and versatile applications. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the types, formulation techniques, and wide-ranging applications of cyclodextrins. It explores the formulation techniques used to incorporate cyclodextrins into different matrices. Cyclodextrin Complex Formation, Cyclodextrin-Based Nanostructures involves the encapsulation of guest molecules within the hydrophobic cavity of cyclodextrins. The study presents a broad range of applications where cyclodextrins have demonstrated their utility. The pharmaceutical industry extensively employs cyclodextrins as excipients to enhance drug solubility, stability, bioavailability, and taste masking. Additionally, CDs find applications in the food and beverage industry for flavor encapsulation, preservation, and controlled release of bioactive compounds. They also play a vital role in various fields, including agriculture, cosmetics, environmental remediation, and separation sciences.