Compounds In Ethyl Acetate Extract Research Articles

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by indigenous Bacterium strain BS1727 as antifungal agents against Ganoderma boninense

Ganoderma boninense, the causative agent behind basal stem rot (BSR) disease in oil palm, instigated a pressing need for innovative and ecologically sustainable strategies to counter its impact. Biological control strategies, particularly employing bio-fungicides, have emerged as environmentally friendly alternatives for managing oil palm plant diseases. This study delved into harnessing the biocontrol potential of Indigenous bacterial isolate by investigating and evaluating its bioactive compounds of ethyl acetate extract with the capacity to suppress G. boninense growth in oil palm plants. Molecular identification was utilized to identify of bacterial isolate using 16S rRNA primers (5′- AGA GTT TGA TCC TGG CTC AG– 3′) and (5′- GGA TAC CTT GTT ACG ACT T– 3′). The agar well diffusion technique and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were utilized to assess the inhibitory effects of bacterial ethyl acetate extract against G. boninense. A comprehensive analysis of the bacterial ethyl acetate extracts was conducted by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Molecular identification confirmed that the bacterial isolate was Bacterium strain BS1727. By employing SEM, the ethyl acetate extracts had influenced on G. boninense mycelial architecture. The exposure to the bacterial ethyl acetate extracts induced degradation and morphological distortion of the mycelial structure, serving as an indicator of its impact on the mycelium's structural modulation. Noteworthy, the spectrum of bioactive compounds was a subset of aromatic hydrocarbons, encompassing volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Based on GC–MS analysis, among the VOCs, acetic acid butyl ester and toluene showed the highest relative peak areas, 46.34 % for acetic acid butyl ester and 31.82 % for toluene, respectively. Ethylbenzene had a relative peak area of 5.4 %, 1,1,2-trichloroethane 4.41 %, and allyldimethyl (prop-1-ynyl) silane 3.17 %. The remaining compounds were 6-undecyl-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one, 3-decen-5-one, 2-methyl-, and o-cymene, with the relative peak areas were below 1 %. These findings explained the inherent capacity of antifungal compounds as a viable strategy in inhibiting the growth of G. boninense.

In vitro assessment on anti-inflammatory and anti-lipidemic properties of selected plant species

Preliminary assessment for anti-inflammatory and anti-lipidemic properties was done with different solvent extracts derived from Urtica urens and Polygonum chinense leaves through in vitro experimentation. To evaluate anti-inflammatory properties, the stability of human red blood cells membranes and the denaturation activity of proteins were assessed. For anti-lipidemic effects, an assay was conducted to measure the inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase. The results of membrane stabilization showed IC50 values of 480.96 ± 0.02 and 319.41 ± 0.19 µg/mL for ethyl acetate extract of U. urens and P. chinense, respectively. The standard drug Diclofenac sodium exhibited IC50 value of 240.37 ± 0.04 µg/mL. For protein denaturation, IC50 values were determined as 221.75 ± 0.2 and 315.76 ± 0.19 µg/mL for U. urens and P. chinense, respectively. The IC50 value of the standard drug was calculated as 126.7 ± 0.34. The IC50 values towards HMG-CoA reductase inhibition were subsequently determined as 29.84 ± 0.35 µg/mL for U. urens and 24.34 ± 0.04 µg/mL for P. chinense against the standard drug Diclofenac sodium (7.52 ± 0.43 µg/mL). GC-MS chromatograms revealed the presence of bioactive compounds in ethyl acetate extract of P. chinense leaves. This work is substantiation for the traditional therapeutic utilization of these extracts.

The Cytotoxic Activity of Marine Sponge-Derived Fungus Aspergillus nomius NC06 Against HT29 Colon Cancer Cells

The study of natural products from marine-derived fungi has been interesting tense to researchers as drug discovery sources. Marine fungus from West Sumatera, Indonesia repeatedly showed their potential for cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities. This study aims to determine the cytotoxic activity against HT29 colon cancer cells of each fraction of ethyl acetate extracts from Aspergillus nomius NC06 derived from marine sponge Neopetrosia chaliniformis. A. nomius was cultivated with rice as a growth medium and extracted with ethyl acetate solvent and evaporated in vacuo to obtain ethyl acetate extract. Furthermore, the compounds of ethyl acetate extract were separated with the VLC (Vacuum Liquide Chromatography) method. Five fractions were obtained, which further investigated their cytotoxic activity against HT29 colon cancer cells by using an MTT assay. The result showed that fractions I and III were categorized as potential fractions due to their IC50 value of 13.12 ± 0.39 μg/mL and 2.59 ± 0.19 μg/mL, respectively. It was also supported by ANOVA to measure the effect of each concentration (0.1; 1; 10; 100 μg/mL) of each fraction on the viability percentage of HT29 cells with p < 0.005.

Pengujian Toksisitas dan Antioksidan Ekstrak Etilasetat dan n-Butanol Hipokotil Sarang Semut, Myrmecodia pendens Merr. & Perry

Sarang semut, Myrmecodia pendens Merr. & Perry (Rubiaceae) is an epiphytic plant from Papua which is used to cure various diseases. The purpose of this study is to see the chromatogram profile [Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)] analysis, and biological test of ethyl acetate and n-butanol of Sarang semut’s hypocotyl extracts from methanol extracts. Meanwhile, the biological tests carried out were toxicity tests on Artemia salina L shrimp larvae and antioxidant assay with free radical scavenging methods (DPPH). The results of the antioxidant activity test showed that the antioxidant activity of the ethyl acetate extract was higher (IC50=18.23μg/ml) than the n-butanol extract (IC50=29.58μg/ml). The results of the toxicity test on the ethyl acetate extract were higher (LC50=101.84 g/ml) than the n-butanol extract (LC50=154.59 g/ml). TLC analysis results showed that the mobile phase for the best separation of chemical compounds in ethyl acetate extract was chloroform-methanol (10:1) and n-butanol extract was the mobile phase chloroform-methanol-water (5:5:1), while HPLC analysis showed that the mobile phase for the separation of chemical compounds in the ethyl acetate extract was n-hexane-ethyl acetate (10:1) and the n-butanol extract was methanol-water (10:1).

Identification of potential anti-hyperglycemic compounds in Cordyceps militaris ethyl acetate extract: in vitro and in silico studies

Cordyceps militaris has been long known for valuable health benefits by folk experience and was recently reported with diabetes-tackling evidences, thus deserving extending efforts on screening for component-activity relationship. In this study, experiments were carried out to find the evidence, justification, and input for computations on the potential against diabetes-related protein structures: PDB-4W93, PDB-3W37, and PDB-4A3A. Liquid chromatography identified 14 bioactive compounds in the ethyl acetate extract (1–14) and quantified the contents of cordycepin (0.11%) and adenosine (0.01%). Bioassays revealed the overall potential of the extract against α-amylase (IC50 = 6.443 ± 0.364 mg.mL−1) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 2.580 ± 0.194 mg.mL−1). A combination of different computational platforms was used to select the most promising candidates for applications as anti-diabetic bio-inhibitors, i.e. 1 (ground state: −888.49715 a.u.; dipole moment 3.779 Debye; −12.3 kcal.mol−1; polarizability 34.7 Å3; logP − 1.30), 10 (ground state: −688.52406 a.u.; dipole moment 5.487 Debye; −12.6 kcal.mol−1; polarizability 24.9 Å3; logP − 3.39), and 12 (ground state: −1460.07276 a.u.; dipole moment 3.976 Debye; −12.5 kcal.mol−1; polarizability 52.4 Å3; logP − 4.39). The results encourage further experimental tests on cordycepin (1), mannitol (10), and adenosylribose (12) to validate their in-practice diabetes-related activities, thus conducive to hypoglycemic applications. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Metabolic response induced by abiotic elicitors in Anacardium othonianum seedlings

Applying elicitors in plants growing under natural conditions change the metabolic content of volatile compounds extracted from their tissues. Here, we have investigated how abiotic elicitors influence the volatile composition of the ethyl acetate extract of Anacardium othonianum seedlings propagated in vitro and ex-vitro cultures. Abiotic factors such as salicylic acid, silver nitrate, light quality, and cultivation mode affected the composition of volatile compounds in ethyl acetate extract of A. othonianum leaves seedlings. GC/MS analysis demonstrated that α-tocopherol was the main metabolite in cultures added with chemical elicitors, reaching 22.48 ± 4.06% in the case of 30 µM salicylic acid. Higher concentrations of salicylic acid decreased the amount of α-tocopherol. The addition of AgNO3 had a linear effect on α-tocopherol. Thus, the production of this metabolite indicates that salicylic acid and AgNO3 elicitors positively affect α-tocopherol production at specific concentrations helping to understand how plant culture can be better manipulated.

Identification of Phytochemical Compounds of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Bulung Anggur (Caulerpa Sp.) By Gc-Ms And Toxicity Test On Artemia Salina Leach Shrimp Larvae

Sea grape (Caulerpa sp.) is one of the potential types of seaweed. Sea grape potential as a natural ingredient for making medicine. Balinese people use sea grape for consumption. The content of bioactive compounds in sea grape is suspected to be toxic at certain doses. The purpose of this study was to determine the compound content of ethyl acetate extract of sea grape (Caulerpa sp.) and the toxicity on Artemia salina Leach. The identification of the bioactive compounds was carried out by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry and the toxicity test of extracts was carried out using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. The results showed that the ethyl acetate extract of sea grape (Caulerpa sp.) contained 27 chemical compounds, 7 of which had a quality value > 70%, namely Propanoic acid, ethyl ester; n-Propyl acetate; sec-Butyl acetate; Toluene; Acetic acid, butyl ester; Bicyclo [4.2.0] octa-1, 3, 5-triene; and Styrene. The results of the toxicity test of Artemia salina Leach are toxic which had an LC50 value of 44,070 ppm so that they can be used as a larvicide

Metabolic and pharmacological profiling of Penicillium claviforme by a combination of experimental and bioinformatic approaches

Background Penicillium produces a wide range of structurally diverse metabolites with significant pharmacological impacts in medicine and agriculture. For the first time, a complete metabolome of Penicillium claviforme (P. claviforme) (FBP-DNA-1205) was studied alongside pharmacological research in this study. Methods The metabolic profile of P. claviforme fermented on Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) was investigated in this work. The complete metabolomics studies of fungus were performed using GC-MS and LC-MS-QTOF techniques. An in vitro model was utilised to study the cytotoxic and antioxidant activities, while an in vivo model was employed to investigate the antinociceptive and acute toxicity activities. Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) software was used for molecular docking analysis. Results GC-MS study showed the presence of alkanes, fatty acids, esters, azo and alcoholic compounds. Maculosin, obtain, phalluside, quinoline, 4,4’-diaminostilbene, funaltrexamine, amobarbital, and fraxetin were among the secondary metabolites identified using the LC-MS-QTOF technique. The n-hexane fraction of P. claviforme displayed significant cytotoxic activity in vitro, with an LD50 value of 92.22 µgml−1. The antinociceptive effects in vivo were dose-dependent significantly (p < .001). Interestingly, during the 72 h of investigation, no acute toxicity was demonstrated. In addition, a docking study of tentatively identified metabolites against the inflammatory enzyme (COX-2) supported the antinociceptive effect in an in silico model. Conclusion Metabolic profile of P. claviforme shows the presence of biologically relevant compounds in ethyl acetate extract. In addition, P. claviforme exhibits substantial antioxidant and cytotoxic activities in an in vitro model as well as antinociceptive activity in an in vivo model. The antinociceptive action is also supported by a molecular docking study. This research has opened up new possibilities in the disciplines of mycology, agriculture, and pharmaceutics. Key messages The first time explored complete metabolome through GC-MS and LC-MS-QTOF. Both in vivo & in vitro pharmacological investigation of P. claviforme. In silico molecular docking of LC-MS-QTOF metabolites.

Non-targeted screening with LC-HRMS and In-Silico Study on Diabetic activity of ethyl acetate extract of Sanrego (Lunasia amara Blanco)

Indonesian have long empirical use of the Sanrego plant (Lunasia amara Blanco) as antidiabetic, but the active compounds of Sanrego that acts as antidiabetic is not yet known. This study aimed to know the active compound from the ethyl acetate extract (EEA) of Sanrego stems and leaves and predict its ability as an anti- diabetic by in-silico. The dried leaves and stems of Sanrego were grounded into powder and extracted using ethyl acetate. The active compounds were detected using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and Liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Anti-diabetic activity was predicted by molecular docking approach compared to acarbose and vildagliptin. The TLC results showed that Sanrego EEA contained alkaloid and flavonoid compounds include scopoletin. The LC-HRMS results showed 11 active compounds in EEA and all of them had anti-diabetic activity. The detected main compounds were hesperidin, scopoletin, tangeritin, and trigonelline. Based on the results of molecular docking, the four compounds showed anti-diabetic activity through α-glucosidase inhibition and dipeptidyl peptides- 4 (DPP-4) inhibition. Hesperidin has the highest energy affinity as an α-glucosidase inhibitor (-7.4) and DPP4 inhibitor (-9.8), followed by tangeritin, scopoletin, and trigonelline. This study concluded that the EEA of Sanrego contains hesperidin, tangeritin, scopoletin, and trigonelline which has anti-diabetic activity through α-glucosidase inhibition and DPP4 inhibition.

Phytochemical Tests, Assessment of Antioxidant Properties and Isolation of Two Compounds of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Chadian Propolis: Case of Bebotho (Southern Chad)

The present work deals with the research of chemical constituents and evaluation of antioxidant properties of Bebotho propolis. From the ethyl acetate extract, we isolated, using various chromatographic techniques, a mixture of two identical compounds (isomers) indexed PBy4a and PByb. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by means of spectroscopic analysis techniques (MS, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HMBC and HSQC) and by comparison of the spectral data with those described in the literature. Thus, these compounds were identified to a mixture of two chromones namely 5,7-dihydroxy-2-methylchromone-6-C-α-D-glucopyranoside and 5,7-dihydroxy-2-methylchromone-8-C-β-D-glucopyranoside, first reported in propolis. The study of the antiradical power, chelating power and the quantification of phenolic compound of these same extracts, showed interesting properties that propolis extracts have to scavenge free radicals.

Identification of Antidiabetic and Anti-inflammatory Potential Compounds of Ethylacetate Extract of Tinospora cardifolia (Wild) Identified by GC-MS and Spectral Analysis: A Computational Approach

The present study was aimed to the phytochemical and GC-MS analysis for ethyl acetate extract of Tinospora cardifolia. The structure of the compounds was further confirmed by UV-spectroscopy and FTIR study. The in silico study like molecular, physico-chemical and drug likeliness property was carried out by computational approaches for the identified molecules. Further toxicity potential and pharmacokinetic profile were also determined. The study was carried out using OSIRIS data warrior and Swiss ADME tools. The docking analysis was carried out for the antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory profiles. The compounds were targeted for α-glucosidase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, glucose transporter-1, cyclo-oxygenase-1 &amp; 2 inhibitions. About 12 compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis. All the compounds exhibited moderate to good drug likeliness and pharmacokinetic potentials. The molecules showed a good bioactivity score against enzyme receptors. The ADMET prediction showed PGP and CYP-inhibitory effects with the least toxic profile. The docking analysis showed good binding affinity of that 1,4-bis(3,4,5-trimethoxy phenyl)hexahydrofuro[3,4-c]furan (Molecule-10) have strong binding affinity on targeted proteins under investigation.

Phytochemical screening and evaluation of the antioxidant and antibacterial potential of Zingiber officinale extracts

Zingiber officinale roscoe rhizome has been very popular worldwide as a spice, but an auxiliary medicine in treatment of various disorders. In this study, we controlled the effect of the heating extraction in the case of ethyl acetate, ethanol and aqueous extracts on the antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Compounds of ethyl acetate extract were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results showed that zingiberene was present as the major compound (23.71%; 31.70%) followed by β-sesquiphellandrene (15.08%; 16.64%) and curcumene (16.47%; 14.42%) in the ethyl acetate extracts at 20°C and 40°C, respectively. The mineral composition of ginger rhizomes was carried out by the inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP–AES) analysis. Moreover, ethanol extracts presented the highest polyphenol content (297.63 and 322.11 µg EAG/mg Ex) at 20°C (EET1) and 40°C (EET2), respectively. The two ethanolic extracts were the most active against the DPPH free radicals with IC50 of 98.62 and 77.23 µg/mL, respectively. The two ethyl acetate extracts EAC1 and EAC2 revealed the best antibacterial efficiency compared to the other extracts against all bacterial strains with MIC values ranging from 0.03 to 0.12 mg/mL and MBC values ranging from 0.06 to 0.24 mg/mL. Results showed a good agreement between the antioxidant power of extracts and their content of phenolic compounds.

Diversity of Marine Macro-Algicolous Endophytic Fungi and Cytotoxic Potential of Biscogniauxia petrensis Metabolites Against Cancer Cell Lines.

Hypersaline environments are known to support diverse fungal species from various orders. The production of secondary metabolites is one of the strategies that fungi adopt to thrive under such extreme environments, bringing up the stress tolerance response. Some such unique secondary metabolites also exhibit clinical significance. The increasing prevalence of drug resistance in cancer therapy demands further exploration of these novel bioactive compounds as cancer therapeutics. In the present study, a total of 31 endophytic fungi harboring inside red, green, and brown marine algae have been isolated and identified. The maximum likelihood analysis and diversity indices of fungal endophytes revealed the phylogenetic relationship and species richness. The genus Aspergillus was found to be the dominating fungus, followed by Cladosporium spp. All the isolated endophytic fungal extracts were tested for their cytotoxicity against HeLa and A431 cancer cell lines. Nine isolates were further analyzed for their cytotoxic activity from the culture filtrate and mycelia extract. Among these isolates, Biscogniauxia petrensis showed potential cytotoxicity with CC50 values of 18.04 and 24.85 μg/ml against HeLa and A431 cells, respectively. Furthermore, the media and solvent extraction optimization revealed the highest cytotoxic active compounds in ethyl acetate extract from the potato dextrose yeast extract broth medium. The compound-induced cell death via apoptosis was 50–60 and 45% when assayed using propidium iodide-live/dead and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential assay, respectively, in HeLa cells. Four bioactive fractions (bioassay-based) were obtained and analyzed using chromatography and spectroscopy. This study reports, for the first time, the cytotoxic activity of an endophytic fungal community that was isolated from marine macro-algae in the Rameswaram coastal region of Tamil Nadu, India. In addition, B. petrensis is a prominent apoptotic agent, which can be used in pharmaceutical applications as a therapeutic.

PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF HEXANE AND ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT OF KNOXIA SUMATRENSIS (RETZ.) DC.

Objective: The study was carried out the phytochemical and antibacterial activity of Knoxia sumatrensis (Retz.) Dc. using hexane and ethyl acetate extracts.&#x0D; Methods: The phytochemical screening was extracted from hexane and ethyl acetate solvent and its screening was analyzed by standard procedure. GC-MS technique was analyzed in ethyl acetate extract to identify the components present in the extract. The hexane and ethyl acetate extract of the plant was tested for antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria using disk diffusion method.&#x0D; Results: The phytochemical screening was revealed the presence of phenols, saponins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, steroids, and tannins. The GC-MS results showed that the presence of seven bioactive compounds in ethyl acetate extract. The major compounds were identified such as N-Hexadecanoic Acid (9.336), 2-Piperidinone, N-[4-Bromo-N-Butyl] - (37. 883). The ethyl acetate extract showed good antibacterial activity. The maximum zone of inhibition was noticed in S. aureus (8.25 mm) using ethyl acetate extracts at 50 μg.&#x0D; Conclusion: Thus, this study the information regarding the phytochemical constituents present in the both extract. Hence, it can be used for further therapeutic applications in the near future study.

Antimicrobial activity and GC-MS analysis of bioactive constituents of Aspergillus fumigatus 269 isolated from Sungai Pinang Hot Spring, Riau, Indonesia

Abstract. Octarya Z, Novianty R, Suraya N, Saryono. 2021. Antimicrobial activity and GC-MS analysis of bioactive constituents of Aspergillus fumigatus 269 isolated from Sungai Pinang Hot Spring, Riau, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1839-1845. A total of 16 isolates of thermophilic fungi originating from hot springs in Riau and West Sumatra have been tested for their antimicrobial ability against pathogenic microbes Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. The antimicrobial test was carried out by using the disk diffusion method. Molecular identification of the most potential isolate (LBKURCC269) was carried out by amplifying the ITS (Internal transcribed spacer) sequence on rDNA using universal primer ITS-4 and ITS-5. ITS sequence results showed that LBKURCC269 has a 99% similarity to Aspergillus fumigatus. Ethyl acetate extract of LBKURCC269 (Aspergillus fumigatus 269) showed good antimicrobial activities against three pathogenic microbes tested with the inhibition of 17 mm, 13 mm, and 13 mm against Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Escherichia coli, respectively. There were 24 identified chemical compounds in ethyl acetate extract. The major compounds were eicosane, eicosane 2-methyl, phenol, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethyl ethyl)-4-methyl, hexadecane 2, and 11-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester. These findings suggest that thermophilic fungi isolated from hot springs could serve as reservoirs for new bioactive compounds of industrial and medical importance.

Effect of Different Solvents On The Phytochemical Compounds of Sargassum sp. From Yogyakarta and East Nusa Tenggara

Sargassum sp. is one of the brown algae species. Two species of Sargassum were collected from Deere coast, Alor East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), and Krokoh beach, Gunung Kidul Yogyakarta. This paper compares the phytochemical screening of two species of Sargassum sp. by using three different polarity solvents. The two species of Sargassum sp. were dried, cut, and ground into powder. Their species were extracted successive using ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane. Phytochemical screening all of the extracts of Sargassum sp were performed with the spot tests as the standard methods. The ethanol extracts of Sargassum sp. from Yogyakarta and NTT showed the presence of saponins, tannins, terpenoids/steroids, and flavonoids. The ethyl acetate and n-hexane extract from the two species of Sargassum sp. have contents of tannins, terpenoids/steroids, and flavonoids. Tannins and terpenoids/steroids were major compounds in ethyl acetate extract both Sargassum sp. from Yogyakarta and NTT. Results showed that different solvents possibly different phytochemical compounds. Phytochemical of seaweed is influenced by species, habitat, isolation method, and harvest season.

Effective anaerobic treatment of produced water from petroleum production using an anaerobic digestion inoculum from a brewery wastewater treatment facility

Produced water is a major waste problem in oil production yet it also represents a potential water source if treated properly, especially in arid regions. In this study, we investigate the anaerobic treatability of an oil-produced water with extremely high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total dissolved organic carbon (TOC) from Wyoming’s Greater Green River Basin using anaerobic microcosms inoculated with a microbial consortium derived from a brewery wastewater treatment facility. The results demonstrate that for this water and an appropriate microbial inoculation, high-COD/TOC can be effectively removed with concomitant energy recovery as a form of methane. 93% and 89% of the COD and TOC were removed with a final high methane yield of 33.9 mmol/g carbon (848 μmol/g carbon/day). Chemical analyses showed that the ethylacetate-extractable compounds were much more amenable to biodegradation than the CH2Cl2 extractable compounds. Furthermore, compounds that were added during drilling and completion remained in the water and contributed significantly to the COD and anaerobic degradability. This study demonstrates that produced waters are amenable to anaerobic biological treatment and also that thorough chemical analyses are necessary to fully understand the potential for treatment.

ANTI-STAPHYLOCOCCAL POTENTIAL OF FUSARIUM SP: FUNGAL ENDOPHYTE ISOLATED FROM RAUWOLFIA SERPENTINA

Fungal endophytes are considered as repository of potent novel bioactive compounds with profuse chemical diversity. These bioactive compounds have been widely utilized in pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. The present work was undertaken to bio-prospect the fungal endophytes from Rauwolfia serpentina, a medicinal plant used in multiple indigenous preparations, for possible therapeutic interventions. 21 fungal endophytes were isolated from Rauwolfia serpentina with maximum colonization in leaf (42.8 %) followed by bark (33.3%) and stem (23.8%). In the enzymatic activity screening, #15RSBNEY was found to be potent amylase producer and #3RSSTNEY as potential cellulase producer. Further, three isolates viz. #16RSLBRT, #10RSLBRT and #23RSSTNEY exhibited promising antibacterial activity with maximum activity exhibited by #10RSLBRT against all test strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Interestingly, it was observed that antibacterial activity of #10RSLBRT increased by two fold after fractionation with acetone and chloroform. Based on above result, the culture filtrate of #10RSLBRT was extracted with hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate followed by agar well gel diffusion method for antibacterial activity. The crude ethyl acetate residue of #10RSLBRT hereby exhibited potent antibacterial activity. The potential isolate i.e. #10RSLBRT was identified by molecular taxonomic tools using internal transcribed spacer rDNA analysis and was clustered in the Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti complex. Further studies on the characterization of bioactive compounds of ethyl acetate extract of # 10RSLBRT are warranted for the development of anti-staphylococcal therapy.

Study of Phytochemicals, Toxicity, Antibacterial Activity of Ethyl Acetate Leaf Extract Extract (Paperomiapellucida L)

Suruhan Leaf (Paperomiapellucida L) is a weedy plant that is used by rural communities as herbal medicine. In this study, phytochemical tests have identified compounds contained in the ethyl acetate extract, then the toxicity test was carried out by the Brint Shrimp LethallytyTocycity (BSLT) method using Artemia Salina Leach shrimp larvae, an antibacterial activity test for bacteria: Bacillus cereus (ATCC) 11778), S. aureus (ATCC 25923), E. coli (ATCC 25922), S. saprophytic (ATCC 49907), Catsobacterfrendi (ATCC 18090), P.acne (ATCC 27853), Epidermis (ATCC 12228) with diffusion methods, various of concentration 1; 5; 10; 25% as control used chloramphenicol 30 mcg, the highest inhibitory zone at a concentration of 25% showed a strong antibacterial succession of 20.7; 11.1; 29.7; 15; 13.5; 10; 17.3 mm. The results of the identification of compounds in ethyl acetate extract are alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, and tannins. The toxicity of LC50 is 71.28 ppm (toxic).

Antioxidant Activities Bioactive Compound of Ethyl Acetate Extracts from rose myrtle Leaves (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk.)

One of the plants traditionally used as medicine is rose myrtle (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk.). Rose myrtle has the potential as an antioxidant because it has secondary metabolites including flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids. The purpose of this study was to determine the fraction that has antioxidant activity and obtain antioxidant compounds from ethyl acetate extract of rose myrtle leaves. The research methods included extraction by Soxhletasi, fractionation by vacuum liquid chromatography, purification of compounds with gravity columns, and antioxidant activity test using the DPPH method. The results obtained 32% yield of ethyl acetate extract which was then followed by fractionation. The fractionation results obtained 13 fractions. The fractions that have antioxidant activity namely fractions 5-6, 7, and 8. The fraction was continued to purification and obtained by compound E.1, compound E.2 from the essential oil, and compound E3 allegedly rhodomyrtone. The bioactive compound determined by IC50 value obtained that E1, E2 and E3 that have IC50 value of 218, 207 and 90 μg/mL, respectively. The bioactive compounds of ethyl acetate extract have strong antioxidant activity in E3 and very weak in E1 and E2 compounds.