Compound Growth Rate Research Articles

An Analysis of the Growth Trends and Factors Influencing Wellness Tourism in Thailand over the Past Five Years

Wellness tourism has emerged as one of the most sought-after destinations in Thailand, increasing greatly and gaining considerable attention in the last few years. Despite this fact, the growth of wellness tourism in Thailand has still not been explained fully. Therefore, the present exploratory investigation will examine the specifics of tourism for wellness in Thailand while uncovering the underlying patterns and trends that can be discerned, thereby delivering relevant insights and valuable knowledge to various stakeholders involved in this thriving business. In sum, a total of ten very detailed and well-conducted in-depth interviews were carried out face-to-face, using a thoughtfully prepared combination of open-ended and probing questions. In particular, the concept of the Compound Growth Rate - CGR - model has been described, analyzed and subsequently applied to identify the quantitative growth and relative size of the phenomenon under consideration in the country. Moreover, an in-depth analysis was made about the identification of the major market players and stakeholders participating in the medical, health and welfare tourism industry. Also, challenges and opportunities that may emerge for the health, welfare, and wellness tourism sectors in Thailand were discussed. In concluding, this study gave an input into dynamically interlinked impacts and components of both the demand and supply sides of the healthcare and tourism sectors in Thailand, where decision-making and strategic planning can effectively be grounded.

Analysis of Wheat Export Performance in India

Wheat is a plant which is valued highly for its kernel as an edible part and an important source of carbohydrates. India ranks second position in wheat production in the world with a contribution of roughly 13.53 per cent to global wheat output (Naga Latha et. al., 2022). The study analyses the export performance of wheat and examines the trends in the growth performance of wheat in terms of area, production and productivity, export quantity and export value during 1973-2022 which is a period of 50 years. The analysis reveals that the highest compound growth rate in terms of area was 1.16 per cent, production was 4.49 per cent and productivity was 3.29 per cent respectively. The results of the study on the compound growth rates during the study periods have shown positive and increasing value which indicates high potential for the export of wheat from India. In the analysis of instability, there exists a high positive correlation between the export quantity and value of export in the overall period. Wheat area, production and productivity exhibit higher variability and instability in the overall period. Period II shows lower variability and instability, indicating increased stability. Period I exhibits moderate variability and instability. The overall period has the highest instability, suggesting unpredictable production. Instability indices show high instability at 126.97 per cent in Period I and 138.18 per cent overall, while Period II exhibits moderate instability at 101.94 per cent. Market volatility, trade policies, economic fluctuations, weather patterns and production variability contribute to these fluctuations. As of trend analysis, there is a positive and significant increase. The NPC value of wheat during the overall period was 0.051, it indicates that the commodity is not protected. NPC<1 indicates that the commodity is exportable and possesses export competitiveness and hence the hypothesis i.e. Indian wheat has better competitiveness in the International market.

Trend in agricultural growth and cassava productivity in Nigeria (1961 – 2020)

This study analyzed the trend in agricultural growth and cassava productivity in Nigeria (1961 – 2020). Time series on variables of interest were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), and FAOSTAT. The secondary data obtained were analysed using trend analysis, instability index, compound growth rate model, and the Granger causality test. The results showed that Nigeria’s agricultural output generally experienced an upward trend from 1960-2020. The findings also revealed a general increase in the output of cassava produced in an area in the country within the study period. The yield however experienced some relatively stable trend with mild fluctuations and a noticeable decline in 2013. Across the major policy line considered in this study, the pre-SAP era (1961 – 1985) had the lowest mean output, while the SAP and post-SAP era had the highest mean output of 24772.15 and 45181.94 respectively. The values of instability of production and land put under cassava cultivation are more pronounced in Period II [1986–1998] and Period III [1999–2020]. During period I, (Pre – SAP; 1961 – 1985), the compound growth rate (CGR) for production accelerated while yield stagnated with a CGR of 0.2%. In period II, (CGR for production (6.2%) and area (6.3%) for cassava accelerated; both CGR and instantaneous growth rate for yield experienced stagnation. For period III, there was an acceleration in output and area. There was unidirectional causality between production (output) and area under cultivation, agricultural growth and cassava production, agricultural growth and area under cassava cultivation at a 5% level of significance; while area under cassava cultivation and cassava productivity, productivity and area under cultivation exhibited a bi-directional causality at 5% significant level. The findings are compelling reasons for encouraging cassava production for sustainable food production in Nigeria as it is a versatile staple to address food security.

Analysing the Growth and Instability of Cereal Crop Production Across Kharif and Rabi Seasons in Western Odisha, India

Over the past decade, agricultural development in India has evolved significantly due to a range of influencing factors. In Odisha, the agricultural sector is particularly susceptible to risks and uncertainties, making it crucial to assess growth and instability. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the compound growth rate and Coppock’s Instability Index for four major cereal crops-rice and maize for both Kharif and Rabi seasons, as well as ragi and wheat, each in their respective seasons. Utilizing secondary data spanning from 1993-94 to 2022-23, the research evaluates and compares the growth and instability of production of these crops across districts in Western Odisha. The study also ranks districts based on these metrics, offering a detailed comparison between Kharif and Rabi seasons. The results highlight differences in growth trends and instability levels among the crops, providing valuable insights into the agricultural patterns and challenges faced by the region. The final findings reveal that rice tends to have lower growth rates but greater stability in the kharif season compared to the rabi season, while maize shows overall positive growth. Ragi struggles with negative growth during the kharif season, and wheat experiences declining growth in the rabi season.

Growth Trends and Instability in Area, Production and Productivity of Fruit Crops in Himachal Pradesh

The study was conducted with the aim to know the growth performance of fruits crops in Himachal Pradesh. The objectives of the study were to analyse the growth and instability of fruits crops in Himachal Pradesh and to estimate the decomposition analysis of fruits crops in Himachal Pradesh. To fulfill the objectives secondary data of 11 years was utilized for analysis using the statistical tools like Compound Annual Growth Rates (CAGR), Coefficient of Variation (CV), Cuddy Della Valle’s Instability Index (CDVI) and Decomposition Analysis model. The study revealed that the area, production and productivity For all the fruits crops together, the compound growth rate during the years 2010-11 to 2020-21 has been estimated at 1.06, -0.56 and -1.60 per cent per annum, respectively. The coefficient of variation in the area, production and productivity far all fruits crops during the study period has been estimated at 3.53, 29.22 and 30.68 percent, respectively. The value of CDVI (0.73%) came in the range of 0-15 percent which confirm low level of instability in the area under all crops. The value of CDVI (30.74 and 31.85%) came in the range of 30 percent and above which confirm high level of instability in the production and productivity under all crops. There was low level of instability in the growth rates of area and high level instability in production and productivity during all the study periods. Area effect played the key role in the differentiation of fruit production in Himachal Pradesh.

Growth Dynamics of Sugarcane in North Karnataka, India

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) holds immense significance in India's agricultural, economic and industrial spheres. In Karnataka, sugarcane was cultivated on an area of 6.37 lakh hectares with annual production of 61.15 million tonnes (2021-22). Bagalkote district ranked as the state's second-largest sugarcane producer, accounting for 16.82 per cent of the total cultivated area and contributed for 15.06 per cent in the total production of the state. The present study was conducted to know trends in sugarcane cultivation in Karnataka and Bagalkote district. The secondary data on area, production and productivity of sugarcane for a period of 20 years (2001-2021) were collected from the publications of Department of Economics and Statistics (DES) and were analysed using Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) and Cuddy Della Valle Index. The results of the analysis revealed a significant compound growth rate of 3.50 per cent annually for sugarcane production in Karnataka, driven by augmented area and productivity and area under sugarcane expanded by 2.92 per cent per annum. In Bagalkote district, sugarcane production increased by 4.21 per cent annually, attributed solely to the increased cultivated area, even though productivity exhibited a slight decline. The Cuddy-Della Valle Index revealed higher instability in production and area compared to productivity in both Karnataka and Bagalkote district. The study highlights the importance of farmers adopting new high-yielding sugarcane varieties that demonstrate resilience to adverse weather conditions, pests, and diseases as a means to sustain and boost productivity for higher sugarcane production.

Assessing slowly and resistant starches from pulses for nutrition and health

The pulse protein market is growing at a 6.0% annual compound growth rate (2021 – 2028) due to the popularity of vegetarianism, leading to an increased opportunity to utilize its starch. Pulse starch contains significant amounts of slowly digestible starch and resistant starch, both of which have been characterized and have the potential to contribute positively to human health. However, applications of pulse starch related to digestibility and fermentability patterns and physiological effects on human health remain largely unexplored. This review aims to provide background findings, summarize data on pulse starches concerning their digestibility and colonic fermentability, and discuss the potential application of pulse starch benefits to human health.

Assessment of Trend for Area, Production, Productivity and Post-harvest losses of Onion and Potato in Uttar Pradesh, India

"Uttar Pradesh is the major producer of horticultural crops, especially vegetables. The study was carried out to evaluate the trends in area, production, and productivity of onion and potato farming. This analysis was based on secondary data collected from 2001-2002 through 2021-2022. The study period was split into two sub-periods: period-I (2001-2010), period-II (2011-2022), and the overall period (2001-2022). The compound growth rate of area, production, and productivity was analysed at the national level as well as for Uttar Pradesh. It was found that in India, the growth rates in area, production, and productivity for onion was 6.84, 9.57, and 2.55 percent respectively and for Potato it was 3.23, 4.85 and 1.57 percent respectively. The CAGR of area, production & productivity of Onion in Uttar Pradesh for onion was 0.83, 2.91, and 2.04 percent respectively and for potato it was 2.29, 2.90 and 0.60 percent respectively. At farm level, total post-harvest loss for potato and onion was 7.84 and 6.98 kg/qt respectively."

Statewise performance of maize in India

The present study “Statewise performance of Maize in India” was undertaken to examine the growth pattern and instability of area, production, productivity and cost of cultivation. The data were collected on area, production, productivity and cost of cultivation of maize grown in India pertaining to the period from 2001-02 to 2020-21 (20 years) was spilt into sub-periods i.e. period I 2001-02 to 2010-11, period II: 2011-12 to 2020-21 and overall period 2001-02 to 2020-21. The results showed that, the compound growth rates for area were positive for all the maize growing states except Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh during period I, for the period II, five states showed negative growth rate except Tamil Nadu. All states are positive during overall period except Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. At overall level the compound growth rate of area of maize was highest in Maharashtra. The compound growth rate of production and productivity was highest in Tamil Nadu. The compound growth rate of cost of cultivation was positive for all the maize growing states. The highest coefficient of variation for area, production and productivity was observed in Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu respectively. Whereas, cost of cultivation of maize includes Cost A1, Cost B2 and Cost C2 was highest in Uttar Pradesh. The co-efficient of variation of cost of production was highest in Tamil Nadu. The highest Cuddy Della Valle instability index for area, production and productivity was observed in Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. Whereas, cost of cultivation of maize includes Cost A1, Cost B2, and Cost C2 was highest in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Rajasthan, respectively.

Cooperative networking and information processing system of wireless communication UAV under the background of intelligent service

AbstractIn order to solve the huge impact of the digital information age on many technical and industrial fields, a periodic fast search genetic algorithm is proposed. Based on the reconnaissance mission, this paper introduces the common allocation strategy into mission planning, and constructs the mathematical model of multi unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) cooperative reconnaissance mission planning decision‐making. The proposed periodic fast search genetic algorithm is used to solve the problem of multi UAV cooperative reconnaissance mission planning. In 2020, the industry growth rate of global UAV technology expenditure was as high as 30.6%, and the compound growth rate of UAV in China reached 63.5%, which is enough to see the great prospect of the integrated development of UAV technology and different industries. The experiment evaluates the log verification module of UAV by comparing the two data structures of Merkle tree and linear, and the time and memory overhead of storing and verifying logs, which shows the effectiveness of the log verification scheme in this paper.

An Analytical Study on Growth Performance of Major Food Grain and Oilseed Crops in Context of Food Security: Rajasthan, India

Background: Productivity, as a source of growth has been a significant premise of analytical investigation in economics all along, however it gained an empirical momentum in the recent years only and has become a necessary index to growth. Present paper estimates growth rate of area, production and productivity of food grain and oilseed crops in Rajasthan. Methods: To analyse growth performance of food grain and oilseed crops Rajasthan time series, data on area, production and yield were collected from 1976-77 to 2018-19. The time-series data were collected on area, production and yield of selected crops from the Directorate of Economics and Statistics (DES), Directorate of Agriculture (DOA) and Rajasthan State Agriculture Department. The compound growth rates (CGRs) of area, production and productivity of selected crops in Rajasthan were calculated using the exponential function. Result: The study revealed that production, productivity and area of total food grains was recorded a positive and highly significant annual growth at the rate of 3.18%, 2.19% 0.63% per annum, respectively. The production, productivity and area of total oilseed was observed a positive and highly significant annual growth rate of 7.63%, 2.07% and 4.27% per annum, respectively. The area under barley, gram and sesamum reduced during the study period. Therefore, the technological support through the varietal improvement and extension support is required.

Tea Trade Scenario in the Pre and Post Liberalization Period in India

Indian tea, which has maintained its supremacy both in production and export for more than a century, has started to lose its pre-eminence. Other tea producing countries like China, Kenya, Sri Lanka and Kenya are strongly competing for Market share. The increase in production in China has pushed India to second position in production and the country lost its domination of the export market to Kenya, China and Sri Lanka. Given this backdrop, the present study attempts to analyse the export growth, instability in export earnings, export quantity and unit value and concentration of export destinations evaluate India’s tea export performance. The growth of export quantity, value and unit value from India (1988-2022) was worked out using compound growth rate and the results indicated an increased growth in the post–WTO period which could be attributed to the expansion in trade to the Near East, with their growth and strength of the economies in the region (Hicks, 2009). Instability in export can affect the economic growth of the country as it has adverse effect on the countries export earnings, trade balance, and confidence of international trading partners. The export instability calculated using Coppock’s instability index showed an increasing trend in the post-WTO period. In 1990’s about 6 countries viz., U.S.S.R, U.K, Iran, Iraq, Egypt and Poland accounted for about 90 per cent of total tea exports from India. But over a period of time the demand in these countries weakened. The Indian exports continue to lose volume in countries like Russia Europe, USA and some middle east countries (Dutt, 2007). The share in Iraq, Netherland and Poland was maintained and it improved in UAE, Germany, Pakistan and china. Overall in the past 3 decades, India’s world ranking as an exporter has dropped to fourthowing to competition from China, Kenya and Sri Lanka. (Majumder et al., 2010). The reduction in values of the Hirschmann index indicated increased geographic diversification of tea exports thereby reducing the possibility of market risk due to dependence on few markets. The commodity diversification in the form of various tea products exported is very limited, the major share of exports being in the form of black tea especially in bulk form. Received: 1 February 2024 / Accepted: 29 April 2024 / Published: 5 May 2024

Understanding the Sustainability and Growth Dynamics of Shrimp Aquaculture in Odisha, India: A Decomposition Approach

In this paper, we examine the growth and decomposition trends of the area, production, and yield of the shrimp aquaculture sector in Odisha. We use annual time series data for the period 2010–11 to 2022–23, and with the help of exponential function, we evaluate growth rate and trend. CV and CDVI were used to analyze production instability. Minha’s decomposition model was used to evaluate the contributions of area and yield to change in farm production. Our findings show a commendably high compound growth rate of 11.55 per cent for area, 26.12 per cent for production, and 13.06 per cent for yield. The instability index, CV and CDVI of the area are low. The influence of the area, yield, and interaction effects accounted for 26.35 per cent, 22.18 per cent, and 51.47 per cent, respectively, of shrimp production. The analysis of decomposition and area effect stresses the need to understand shrimp production dynamics in Odisha. Monitoring land use patterns and markets and promoting research and innovation is not only securing sustainability, nutritional security, and employment but also the economic development of the state.

GSM Based Smart Irrigation System with Micro Controller Powered by Solar Panel

In recent years, the smart irrigation industry is forecasted to elevate the market value to USD 1,404.4 million, with an anticipated annual compound growth rate of 13.84%. This surge is credited to the significant enhancements in Research and Development, which have catalyzed the advancement and expansion of energy-efficient smart irrigation technologies. Such advancements are propelling the rapid development within the agricultural tech sector. Moreover, the prevalence of extreme climatic conditions globally necessitates highly efficient irrigation systems to adapt to such environmental challenges. India, predominantly an agrarian society, relies heavily on its farming community. The pivotal role of farmers is undeniable in contributing to the nation’s agricultural output. Agriculture remains a fundamental aspect of sustenance for a vast majority of the Indian population, playing a vital role in the economic stability of the country.

Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Induced Machines to Improve the Fiscal Advancement of Agronomy

Horticulture became a key player in the development of UT. The total land area of Jammu and Kashmir under horticulture is 332704, among which 214162 in the Kashmir valley and 118542 in the Jammu region. The district Baramulla has achieved first rank in production in apples with 404089 metric tons, and also covers an area of 25231 hectares. Horticulture of UT of Jammu and Kashmir contributes 8-10% contribution to the SGDP (DHK, 2021). In 48 years, the area under horticulture shows a growth rate of 25%.The growth of production of horticulture has also increased 10 thousand metric to 25 Lakh metric tons during 1950-2022.In this paper we will analysis growth in production, productivity, area and State Gross Domestic Product through the Compound Growth Rate from 2012 to 2022. Artificial Intelligence will become a game changer for horticulture sector, which is facing loses consistently from the last few years. Need of the hour to improve the technique like artificial intelligence and procedures for the betterment of horticulture, especially open national, use of drones in farms, highway 44 during the peak season.

Assessment of Compound Growth Rate and Economic Analysis of Production of Cotton in Bemetara District of Chhattisgarh, India

The study was entitled compound growth rate and economic analysis of cost of production of cotton in Bemetara district of Chhattisgarh, India. Owing to maximum area under cotton cultivation in the district Bemetara were purposefully chosen for study. A multistage sampling was applied and a total 56 cotton farmers were selected for data collection in the year 2021-22. The appropriate tabular and percentage method were the statistical tools used for data analysis. To estimate the growth rate of area, production and productivity of the cotton in Chhattisgarh and Bemetara district was found increasing but non-significantly. The study revealed that average total operational area was 16.68 ha. the average cropping intensity was found to be 198.38 per cent. The total cost of cultivation of cotton was observed highest in case of large farms in compared to marginal farms. The overall cost of cultivation was Rs. 97887.50 per hectare. The overall cost of production was Rs. 3322.72 per quintal. Gross returns from cotton was found to be Rs. 274676 per hectare. The net returns of overall farmers was observed Rs. 176788.50 per hectare. Benefit-cost ratio was ranging from 1.73 to 1.83 with respect to the farm size.

Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Induced Machines to Improve the Fiscal Advancement of agronomy

Horticulture became a key player in the development of UT. The total land area of Jammu and Kashmir under horticulture is 332704, among which 214162 in the Kashmir valley and 118542 in the Jammu region. The district Baramulla has achieved first rank in production in apples with 404089 metric tons, and also covers an area of 25231 hectares. Horticulture of UT of Jammu and Kashmir contributes 8-10% contribution to the SGDP (DHK, 2021). In 48 years, the area under horticulture shows a growth rate of 25%.The growth of production of horticulture has also increased 10 thousand metric to 25 Lakh metric tons during 1950-2022.In this paper we will analysis growth in production, productivity, area and State Gross Domestic Product through the Compound Growth Rate from 2012 to 2022. Artificial Intelligence will become a game changer for horticulture sector, which is facing loses consistently from the last few years. Need of the hour to improve the technique like artificial intelligence and procedures for the betterment of horticulture, especially open national, use of drones in farms, highway 44 during the peak season.

Microbial hyaluronic acid production in the 21 century: a roadmap toward high production, tailored molecular weight

Hyaluronic acid is a biopolymer that has gained attention from both researchers and the public since its discovery in 1934. In 2022, its global annual demand was 667 MT, with a market value of 9.4 billion dollars and an expected compound growth rate of 7.7% from 2024 and 2030. Such popularity lies in its many applications, which ranges from pharmaceutical to Tissue Engineering. Its molecular weight (MW) determines which application hyaluronic acid is better suited for: high MW (over 1 MDa) is used in medical applications such as osteoarthritis and ophthalmology, and low MW (less than 0.05 MDa) are suited for moisturizing cosmeceuticals. This makes hyaluronic acid molecular weight an important parameter for its production. The first industrial process was based on extraction from rooster combs. However, it shifted toward microbial production with Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Studies focus on improving its production and tailoring its molecular weight by accessing optimum temperature, pH, aeration, agitation, carbon, and nitrogen sources concentration and origin. his review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge on the effects of metabolic and environmental factors in microbial hyaluronic acid production. The review shows that there has been extensive research in optimizing cultivation medium composition, temperature, pH, and aeration between 2018 and 2023, but further studies are required to optimize the metabolism of S. zooepidemicus towards maximum biopolymer production and molecular weight.

Production and Export Performance of Fresh and Dried Figs from Afghanistan vis-à-vis India

The study was conducted on the production and export performance of fresh and dried figs from Afghanistan and India. The study was based on secondary data on area, production, productivity, and export of figs from 2000-01 to 2020-21. The data were analyzed using tools such as compound growth rates, coefficients of variation, the Cuddy-Della Valle Instability Index, and Markov Chain Analysis. The results revealed that the growth rates of area, production, productivity, export quantity, and export value of fresh and dried figs from both countries were favourable, with the exception of non-significant growth for the area in Afghanistan and the export quantity in India. The highest fluctuation in both countries was reflected in the exports of the quantity and value of fresh and dried figs. In contrast, instability in terms of area, production, and productivity of figs in Afghanistan was higher than in India. India was recognized as the most stable market for Afghan fresh and dried figs, followed by the UAE. In contrast, the Maldives was found to be the most loyal market for Indian fresh and dried figs, followed by Hong Kong and the USA respectively.

Analysis of the Relationship between Futures Prices and Mandi Spot Prices of Spices in India

For this study, we used secondary data and applied various statistical methods, including the compound growth rate, ADF test, seasonality analysis, Johansen's cointegration test, and the Granger Causality Test. The findings revealed a positive trend in the prices of selected spices, indicating a significant growth rate for both prices and arrivals. Seasonality in prices was observed, particularly during the peak season. The price series were found to be cointegrated at a significance level of 1 per cent, and a uni-directional causality was identified in both spices. It suggested that futures prices played a dominant role in the price discovery process. It was recommended to improve warehouse structures and storage chambers to enhance the retention capacity of farmers, thereby emphasizing the importance of proper storage facilities.