Compound Anisodine Research Articles

A Combination of Acupuncture and Anisodine for the Treatment of Idiopathic Blepharospasm

We investigated the clinical effect of local acupuncture combined with compound anisodine injection in treating idiopathic blepharospasm. This study included 80 patients with idiopathic blepharospasm who received treatment in our hospital. The patients were divided into a single group and a combined group. The patients in the single group received simple compound anisodine injection alone, while those in the combined group received local acupuncture combined with compound anisodine injection. Patients in the combination group exhibited a higher clinical response rate than those in the single group. After therapy, patients in the combination group exhibited lower Blepharospasm Disability Index scores and Jankovic Rating Scale scores than those in the single group. No difference was observed in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups. After six months of follow-up, patients in the combination group exhibited a reduced recurrence rate than those in the single group. Local acupuncture combined with compound anisodine injection for patients with idiopathic blepharospasm can improve clinical efficacy, accelerate patient recovery, maintain a low recurrence rate, and ensure high patient safety.

Posterior sub-tenon’s injection of triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of optic disc vasculitis

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of posterior sub-tenon’s injection of triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of optic disc vasculitis. Methods The clinical data of 60 eyes of 60 patients with optic disc vasculitis from May 2016 to May 2019 in the Seventh People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou were retrospectively analyzed. Triamcinolone acetonide 40 mg/0.5 ml was injected into Tenon’s capsule with a self-made gauge 6 lacrimal irrigation needle, and compound Xueshuantong and energy mixture were infused intravenously, compound anisodine injection was injected subcutaneously beside superficial temporal artery, methylcobalamin, citicoline and compound vitamin B were taken orally. All patients were followed up for 6-18 months. Results All 60 cases were cured within 6 to 18 months after treatment. The visual acuity were improved and the shape of macular fovea were restored, macular edema were alleviated. Conclusion Posterior sub-tenon’s injection of triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of optic disc vasculitis is safe, effective, simple and inexpensive. Key words: Vasculitis, optic disc; Triamcinolone acetonide, injection, sub-tenon’s posterior; Efficacy, clinical

Clinical efficacy and safety of combination diazepam and compound anisodine on the threatment of blepharospasm

Clinical efficacy and safety of combination diazepam and compound anisodine on the threatment of blepharospasm

The therapeutic efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

Objective To observe and explore the therapeutic efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) in the treatment of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). Methods A total of 139 NAION patients were randomly divided into a control group of 72 and a hyperbaric oxygen group of 67. Both groups were given conventional drugs including prednisolone, mecobalamin and compound anisodine, while the hyperbaric oxygen group was additionally provided with hyperbaric oxygen treatment at a pressure of 0.2MPa once a day for 30 days. Each day′s treatment lasted for 110 minutes, including 20 minutes at increasing pressure, 20 minutes decreasing and 60 minutes with the pressure stable at 0.2MPa. Before and after the 30-day treatment, the visual acuity and visual mean sensitivity (MS) of the two groups were observed and compared. Results There was no significant difference between the control group and the hyperbaric oxygen group in terms of average visual acuity or visual MS before the treatment. Afterward the average visual acuity (4.88±0.25) and visual MS (16.68±1.19) of the hyperbaric oxygen group were significantly higher than before the treatment and significantly better than those of the control group. The total effective rate of the hyperbaric oxygen group was 91%, significantly higher than that of the control group (75%). Conclusions Conventional treatment combined with hyperbaric oxygen therapy can significantly promote the visual acuity and visual MS of NAION patients. Key words: Optic neuropathy; Ischemia; Hyperbaric oxygen therapy; Field of view; Visual sensitivity

Clinical study of modified Xuefu-Zhuyu decoction combined with conventional western medicine in the treatment of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of modified Xuefu-Zhuyu decoction in the treatment of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). Methods A total of 87 patients with NAION who met the inclusion criteria were divided into control group (43 cases) and study group (44 cases) by the random number table method. The control group was given the routine treatment combined with compound anisodine injection, while the study group was treated with routine treatment combined with modified Xuefu-Zhuyu decoction. Both groups were treated for 28 days. The standard logarithmic visual acuity chart was used to detect and record the best corrected visual acuity. The Visual field photosensitivity and visual field defect was recorded by visual field program(Oc-topus-101). The systolic peak blood flow velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), resistance index (RI) of the posterior ciliary short artery were measured by color Doppler ultrasound. The clinical effect was evaluated. Results The total effective rate was 97.7% (43/44) in the study group and 76.7% (33/43) in the control group. There were significant differences between the two groups (χ2=8.669, P=0.003). After treatment, the best corrected visual acuity (0.85 ± 0.21 vs. 0.72 ± 0.32 , t=2.245), visual field photosensitivity (18.71 ± 4.79 φ/db vs. 16.32 ± 5.22 φ/db, t=2.226) in the study group was significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05); the visual field defect (6.06 ± 1.52 φ/db vs. 8.13 ± 2.43 φ/db, t=4.775) in the study group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05); the PSV (10.03 ± 1.79 cm/s vs. 8.85 ± 1.88 cm/s, t=2.999), EDV (3.06 ± 0.37 cm/s vs. 2.67 ± 0.31 cm/s, t=5.323) in the study group was significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05), RI (0.61 ± 0.08 vs. 0.69 ± 0.09, t=4.385) in the study group was significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.05). Conclusions The modified Xuefu-Zhuyu decoction combined with conventional medicine can effectively improve the hemodynamics and visual function of posterior ciliary short artery in NAION patients and improve the clinical efficacy. Key words: Optic neuropathy, ischemic; Vision disorders; Xue Fu Zhu Yu Tang; Visual fields; Hemorheology; Integrated Chinese traditional and western medicine therapy

Clinical efficacy of subtenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide for anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of subtenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide(TA) for non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). Methods The data of 60 eyes of 60 patients with NAION from Jun. 2015 to May 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. All cases were randomly divided into two groups, 30 eyes of 30 patients in each group. The treatment group underwent injection of compound anisodine around superficial temporal artery combined with subtenon injection of TA(20 mg). The control group underwent injection of compound anisodine around superficial temporal artery. Results The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), visual field and optic papilla swelling were improved 60 days after treatment. BCVA of treatment group after treatment was better than that of the control group(χ2=17.800, P=0.003). In the treatment group, the visual field was improved in 14 eyes (93.33%) after treatment in 15 eyes with visual field examination.In the control group, the visual field was improved in 3 eyes (16.67%) after treatment in 15 eyes with visual field examination. The difference was significant between the two groups(χ2=18.680, P=0.0025). Conclusion Compound anisodine combined with TA is more effective than compound anisodine separately on the treatment of NAION. Key words: Optic neuropathy, anterior ischemic, non-arteritic; Triamcinolone acetonide; Subtenon injection

Clinical efficacy of compound anisodine injection combined with anti-VEGF in the treatment of macular edema due to branch retinal vein occlusion

Clinical efficacy of compound anisodine injection combined with anti-VEGF in the treatment of macular edema due to branch retinal vein occlusion

Clinical effect of retinal photocoagulation combined with drug on retinopathy of diabetic retinopathy and its effect on VEGF and IGF-1 level

Objective To explore the effect and application value of retinal photocoagulant combined with compound anisodine in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy, and its effect on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) level. Methods 116 patients with diabetic retinopathy were selected, and they were randomly divided into observation group and control group according to the digital table, 58 cases in each group.The control group was given retinal photocoagulation treatment, and the observation group was given retinal photocoagulation combined with compound anisodine treatment.The therapeutic effect was compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 93.10%, which was significantly higher than 77.59% of the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=5.582, P<0.05). The edema absorption time, bleeding absorption time, exudate absorption time of the observation group were (4.19±1.24)d, (2.19±1.01)d, (9.48±2.13)d, respectively, which of the control group were (5.83±2.85)d, (3.25±1.88)d, (13.54±3.88)d, respectively, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (t=4.018, 3.782, 6.985, all P<0.05). After treatment, the VEGF and IGF-1 levels in the observation group were (85.12±4.64)ng/L, (90.17±4.95)μg/L, respectively, which in the control group were (100.48±9.26)ng/L, (132.69±10.04)μg/L, respectively, the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (t=11.294, 28.928, all P<0.05). Conclusion Retinal photocoagulation surgery combined with compound anisodine in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy can improve clinical curative effect, promote the patients' visual acuity, adjust the concentration of VEGF, the effect is remarkable, it is worthy of popularizing in clinical application. Key words: Laser coagulation; Diabetic retinopathy; Vascular endothelial growth factors; Insulin-like growth factor-1

Compound anisodine affects the proliferation and calcium overload of hypoxia-induced rat retinal progenitor cells and brain neural stem cells via the p-ERK1/2/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway.

As a Traditional Chinese Medicine, compound anisodine (CA) has previously been shown to regulate the vegetative nervous system, improve microcirculation and scavenge reactive oxygen species, and has been commonly utilized as a neuroprotective agent to treat ischemic optic neuropathy and choroidoretinopathy. The present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of CA on the proliferation and calcium overload of hypoxia-induced rat retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) and brain neural stem cells (BNSCs) harvested from neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats. Cells were treated with CA at 0.126, 0.252, 0.505 or 1.010 g/l for four hours prior to or after hypoxia (<1% oxygen) for four h, followed by re-oxygenation for four hours; a normal control group and a CA-untreated hypoxia model group were also included. An MTT assay demonstrated that the cell viability was markedly improved following treatment with 0.126–1.010 g/l CA, compared with that in the hypoxia model group (P<0.05). Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) immunocytochemical staining and flow cytometry indicated that after culture in hypoxia for 4 h, the number of BrdU+ RPCs and BNSCs was significant decreased, as well as the cell population in S+G2 phase of the cell cycle, which was significantly attenuated by treatment with 1.010 g/l CA for 4 h prior to hypoxia (P<0.05). Furthermore, laser scanning confocal microscopy showed that the intracellular calcium concentration in hypoxia-cultured RPCs and BNSCs was markedly increased, which was attenuated by 0.126–1.010 g/l CA in a concentration-dependent manner (P<0.05). Furthermore, western blot analysis demonstrated that after hypoxia, the protein levels of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were upregulated in RPCs and BNSCs, whereas phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (phospho-ERK 1/2Thr202/Tyr204) and Cyclin D1 were downregulated; of note, treatment with 1.010 g/l CA significantly attenuated these changes (P<0.05). The results of the present study suggested that CA may improve the proliferation and inhibit calcium overload in hypoxia-induced RPCs and BNSCs by altering the protein levels of Cyclin D1 as well as signaling through the p-ERK1/2/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway.

Observation on therapeutic efficacy of rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis combined with compound anisodine injection on central retinal artery occlusion.

The aim of the present study was to observe the clinical efficacy and safety of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) combined with compound anisodine in treating central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). Forty-eight patients diagnosed with CRAO were randomly divided into a treatment group (24 cases) and a control group (24 cases). For the control group, nitroglycerin, 654-2, methazolamide, puerarin and compound anisodine were used for the treatment, along with oxygen, massage and other conventional treatments. Besides conventional therapy, the treatment group was also given intravenous rt-PA thrombolysis. Visual acuity, fundus oculi, visual field changes were taken as indicators for efficacy evaluation. It was found that the total effective rate of the control group was 70.83%, while that for the treatment group was 91.67%, and the comparative difference between the two groups was of statistical significance (p<0.05). The visual field defect of the control group after treatment was approximately 74.26±12.91%, and the visual field defect of the treatment group after treatment approximately 35.08±16.33%; thus, the comparative difference was statistically significant (p<0.01). The comparative difference of the original contents of fibrous protein in blood in the treatment group before and after treatment was statistically significant (p<0.01). In conclusion, the result show that intravenous thrombolysis with rt-PA combined with compound anisodine is safe and effective in treating CRAO, which can significantly improve the prognosis of patients.

复方樟柳碱穴位注射治疗干眼症的循证研究

目的：应用复方樟柳碱(compound anisodine, CA)注射液行颞浅动脉旁注射治疗干眼症，探讨干眼恢复的效果。方法：采用复方樟柳碱注射液2 ml对单纯性干眼症患者50例和难治性干眼症患者82例，行颞浅动脉旁注射2~5个疗程，观察注射前后干眼的各项指标：泪膜破裂时间(break-up time, BUT)、基础泪液分泌试验(Schinmer II test, Sit II)、角膜荧光素钠染色(fluorescein, FL)及干涩、刺痛、流泪、畏光、异物感、视物模糊等症状。结果：治疗2~5个疗程后分别观察上述指标，干涩、异物感减轻，刺痛、流泪、畏光、视物模糊消失，与治疗前比较BUT明显延长(t = 25.366, 22.125, 17.148)，SIt分泌增加(t = −14.726, −17.213, −7.256)，FL染色率也明显减少。差异均有统计学意义(p < 0.01)。结论：无论是单纯性干眼症和难治性干眼症患者采用复方樟柳碱注射液行颞浅动脉旁注射治疗后症状和体征均有显著性改善。 Objective: To evaluate the improvement of xerophthalmia following acupoint injection compound anisodine (CA) in the patients with scheroma. Methods: This randomized study involved 50 cases (50 eyes) with simple patients with scheroma and 82 cases (82 eyes) with refractory patients with scheroma. All patients with scheroma were treated for 2 - 5 courses of treatment by acupoint in-jection compound anisodine 2 milliliter (ml) in lateral arteria temporalis superficialis. The symp-toms of dry eye, tear break-up time (BUT), Schinmer II test (SIt) value and corneal fluorescein staining (FL), including dry feeling, stinging sensation, lachrymation, photophobia, fricative feeling, indistinct vision were measured pre-therapy and post-treatment. Results: At post-treatment for 2 - 5 courses, all symptoms of aforementioned disappeared. The subjective complains of dry eye improved. The mean SIt (t = −14.726, −17.213, −7.256) and BUT (t = 25.366, 22.125, 17.148) lengthened significantly (p < 0.01 for normal group). The FL scores decreased significantly. There were statistically significant differences (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Acupoint injection compound an-isodine in lateral arteria temporalis superficialis can improve the symptoms and signs of simple and refractory patients with scheroma.

Neuroprotective Effect of Compound Anisodine in a Mouse Model with Chronic Ocular Hypertension.

Background:Compound anisodine (CA) is a compound preparation made from hydrobromide anisodine and procaine hydrochloride. The former is an M-choline receptor blocker with the function of regulating the vegetative nervous system, improving microcirculation, and so on. The latter is an antioxidant with the activities of neuroprotection. This study aimed to investigate the potential neuroprotection of CA, which affects the degeneration of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in an animal model with chronic ocular hypertension.Methods:Female C57BL/6J mice (n = 24) were divided randomly into four groups: Normal control group without any treatment (Group A, n = 6); CA control group with feeding the CA solution (Group B, n = 6); microbeads (MBs) control group with injecting MB into the anterior chamber (Group C, n = 6); CA study group with MB injection and with feeding the CA solution (Group D, n = 6). Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured every 3 days after MB injection. At the 21st day, neurons were retrograde-labeled by Fluoro-Gold (FG). Animals were sacrificed on the 27th day. Retinal flat mounts were stained immunohistologically by β-III-tubulin. FG-retrograde-labeled RGCs, β-III-tubulin-positive RGCs, and β-III-tubulin-positive nerve fibers were quantified.Results:Mice of Groups C and D expressed the incidence of consistent IOP elevation, which is above the IOP level of Group A with the normal one. There is no significant difference in IOP between Groups A and B (P > 0.05). On the 27th day, there were distinct loss in stained RGCs and nerve fibers from Groups C and D compared with Group A (all P < 0.001). The quantity was significantly higher in Group D as compared to Group C (all P < 0.001) but lower than Group A (all P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the quantity of RGCs and nerve fibers between Groups A and B (all P > 0.05).Conclusions:These findings suggest that CA plays an importantly neuroprotective role on RGCs in a mouse model with chronic ocular hypertension.

Curative effects of mouse nerve growth factor combined with compound anisodine on nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

Curative effects of mouse nerve growth factor combined with compound anisodine on nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

Effect of compound anisodine on retinal function repair in diabetic retinopathy after panretinal photocoagulation

Background Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) is an effective method for diabetic retinopathy (DR).However,PRP causes macular edema and visual impairment.The application of compound anisodine,a vascular dynamic drug can alleviate the adverse effect of PRP,but its effectiveness is not verified yet. Objective This study aimed to investigate the clinical therapeutic effect of compound anisodine on retinal functional damage following PRP in the eyes with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). Methods A prospective cohort study was carried out from August 2013 to February 2014 in Beijing Tongren Hospital.One hundred and ten eyes with NPDR were included and PRP were performed.The operative eyes were randomized into the compound anisodine group (64 eyes) and control group (46 eyes).Compound anisodine solution of 2 ml was injected via temporal subcutaneous tissue since the second day after photocoagulation,and the injection was performed once per day for 4 courses in 3-day interval between each course (1 course for 14 days) in the compound anisodine group,and no any drug was used in the control group.The visual acuity,30° to 60° ring visual field and flash electroretinaogram (F-ERG) were examined before photocoagulation and 1 day,1 month and 2 months after photocoagulation to compare the retinal function between the two groups. Results The vision acuity improved in 55 eyes in the compound anisodine group with the rate 85.94%,and that in the control group was 11 eyes with the rate 23.91%,showing a significant difference between the two groups (χ2=15.425,P=0.000).The mean sensitivities of visual field were (4.15±1.42),(3.94±1.40) and (4.81±1.41) dB in 1 day,1 month and 2 months after photocoagulation in the compound anisodine group,which were significantly higher than (3.76±1.52),(3.53±1.55) and (3.64±1.50) dB of the control group (t=1.39,1.44,1.15,all at P<0.05).The amplitudes of a-wave and b-wave of F-ERG were all higher in the compound anisodine group than those in the control group in various time points after photocoagulation (all at P<0.05). Conclusions The injection of compound anisodine via temporal subcutaneous tissue can relieve visual functional damage caused by PRP in NPDR eyes. Key words: Diabetic retinopathy/treatment; Laser coagulation; Postoperative complication; Retina/physiology; Compound anisodine

Clinical observation on panretinal photocoagulation with compound anisodine in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy

Clinical observation on panretinal photocoagulation with compound anisodine in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy

Effect of lowering intraocular pressure treatment on ocular hemodynamics in patients with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

Objective To observe the effect of lowering intraocular pressure(IOP) treatment on ocular hemodynamics in patients with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION).Methods A total of 68 patients with NAION (68 eyes) were enrolled in this study.The patients were randomly divided into treatment group (38 eyes of 38 patients) and control group (30 eyes of 30 patients).All the patients were received methylprednisolone pulse therapy (200 mg,three days),vasodilator therapy with intravenous infusion of Xueshuantong solution (300 mg),optic nerve nutritional therapy with mouse nerve growth factor (30 μg) and acupoint injection in temporal with compound anisodine (2 ml).The total course was 10 days.The patients of treatment group received IOP lowering treatment to reduce the IOP to ≥ 8 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) or in a 30％ reduction.The patients of control group received no IOP lowering treatment.The peak systolic velocity (PSV),pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) of ophthalmic artery (OA),central retinal artery (CRA) and short posterior ciliary arteries (PCA) before and after treatment were comparatively analyzed by color doppler flow imaging.Results The differences of PSV (t=1.023,1.145,0.569),PI (t=0.679,0.956,1.634) and RI (t=0.816,1.657,0.998) of OA,CRA and PCA before treatment in treatment group and control group were not statistically significant (P＞ 0.05).Compared with before treatment,PSV (t=3.150,7.650,3.520) and PI (t=2.420,5.430,7.650) of OA,CRA and PCA increased obviously (P＜0.05),RI of OA,CRA and PCA decreased obviously (t=5.320,9.640,18.360; P＜0.05) after treatment in treatment group.In control group,the differences of PSV (t=2.090,-2.550,-2.100) and PI (t=-2.310,-2.230,-4.490) of OA,CRA and PCA between before and after treatment were not statistically significant (P＞0.05) ; but the differences of RI of OA,CRA and PCA between before and after treatment was statistically significant (t=2.970,2.160,2.690μ P＜0.05).Compared with control group,PSV (t=2.632,2.135,5.364) and PI (t=3.251,2.432,4.243) of OA,CRA and PCA increased obviously (P＜0.05),RI of OA,CRA and PCA decreased obviously (t=3.664,2.938,4.324; P＜0.05) after treatment in treatment group.Conclusion Lowering intraocular pressure treatment can improve the ocular hemodynamics in NAION patients. Key words: Optic neuropathy, ischemic/therapy; Ocular hypertension/drug therapy; Hemodynamics; Ultrasonography,doppler,color

Efficacy of cytidine-5'-diphosp-bocholine combined with compound anisodine in the treatment of early optic nerve contusion.

To investigate the efficacy of anisodine combined with cytidine-5'-diphosp-bocholine (citicoline) in the treatment of early optic nerve contusion. A total of 33 subjects eligible for inclusion were selected from 105 patients clinically diagnosed with optic nerve contusion. These patients were subsequently divided into the control group (n=16) and the intervention group (n=17). In the control group, the participants received therapy consisting of glucocorticoids, mannitol, vasodilators and vitamin B. The patients in the intervention group additionally received anisodine in combination with citicoline. The visual acuity was graded on a scale from 0 to 8. Prior to treatment, the 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles of visual acuity grade were 3, 4 and 6.75 for the controls, and 3, 4 and 6.5 for the patients in the intervention group. (P=0.97). After treatment, the 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles of visual acuity grade were 4, 6 and 7.75 in the control group, and 7, 7 and 8 in the intervention group. (P=0.046). A significant difference was observed in both control (P=0.005) and intervention groups (P=0.001) when comparing presenting visual acuity before and after treatment. The combination of anisodine and citicoline with standard steroid and mannitol therapy appears to be effective in the treatment of early optic nerve contusion.

The therapeutic efficacy of combined treatment of compound anisodin and external counter pulsation for the optic nerve contusion

Objective To investigate the efficacy of the combined therapy for the optic nerve contusion by subcutaneous injecting compound anisodine near the superficial temporal artery and external counter pulsation (ECP).Methods Sixty eyes of 55 cases of optic nerve contusion were divided into three groups.Taking 17 patients(20 eyes) as a regular medicine treating group.Another 20 patients (20 eyes) as a compound anisodine injection treating group,subcutaneous injecting of 2 ml compound anisodine near the superficial temporal artery was done together with medicine treatment.One injection a day,14 days as one course.The other 18 patients (20 eyes) as ECP treating group,in which ECP was applied besides compound anisodine injection and medicine treatment.The treatment effect was evaluated by 3 elements:visual acuity,visual field and VEP.Results The total efficiency of the ECP treating group was 85％ while the medicine treating group only got 35％ and the compound anisodine injection group got 70％.There was distinct statistical difference between each other in the three groups (P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion The combined treatment of the subcutaneous injecting compound anisodine and ECP has significant effect on the optic nerve contusion. Key words: Compound anisodine; External counter pulsation; Optic nerve contusion

Therapeutic effect of compound anisodine for primary open angle glaucoma

To evaluate the therapeutic effect of compound anisodine (CA) for patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). According to the modified Hodapp-Parrish-Anderson Visual Fields Grading System, 46 patients with moderate stage POAG were randomized to receive compound anisodine injection (CA group) or venoruton tablets (control group). Visual acuity (VA), IOP, fundus, visual fields (VF) and the blood flow of optic nerve were observed. The mean of defect (MD) was decreased in CA group after treatment. The PSV and EDV of ophthalmic artery were remarkably improved in both groups, as well as the PSV, EDV and RI of retinal central artery. Compound anisodine was superior in improving hemodynamics of ophthalmic artery and retinal central artery to venoruton. Compound anisodine can protect optic nerve of POAG through improving the visual function and blood supply of optic nerve.

Change of plasma endothelin-1 concentrations in photodynamic induced rat anterior ischemic optic neuropathy model and drug modulation

To investigate changes of plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) concentration in photodynamic induced rat anterior ischemic optic neuropathy model (rAION) and evaluate the effects of compound anisodine hydrobromide (CA). Eighty-five Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were randomly divided into a blank control group of 10 rats and a model group of 75 rats. rAION model was established in the model group by photodynamic induction. The model group was divided into a rAION simple group of 25 rats, a CA intervention group of 25 rats, and a normal saline (NS) control group of 25 rats. Beginning from the day that the rAION model was established, temporal subcutaneous injections (once daily for 3 days) of CA and NS were performed in the CA and the NS groups, respectively. The plasma ET-1 concentrations were detected by radioimmunoassay and analyzed at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days. The means plasma ET-1 concentration of rAION simple group is (114.9±17.6) ng/L, higher than that of the control group (69.4±9.1) ng/L (t=14.92, P<0.01). In the rAION model group, the plasma ET-1 concentrations 1 to 5 days after the model was established were higher than that of 7 to 14 days. During observational periods, on the 1st, 5th, 7th and 14th day, there was no significant difference between the CA and NS groups (t=0.58, 2.07, 0.81 and 0.93, P>0.05), but on the 3rd day the level of plasma ET-1 concentration in the CA group was significantly lower than that of the NS group (t=4.72, P<0.05). Increase of plasma ET-1 concentrations may play an important role in the pathogenesis of photodynamic induced rAION model. CA can decrease the plasma ET-1 concentrations in rAION rats.