Straw Compost Research Articles

Effect of NH4+ and NO3− cooperatively regulated carbon to nitrogen ratio on organic nitrogen fractions during rice straw composting

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of replacing urea with inorganic nitrogen on the organic nitrogen sequestration process and the mitigation of nitrogen loss during rice straw composting. These groups include a control group with urea addition (CK), a group with (NH4)2SO4 addition (NH), a group with KNO3 addition (NO), and a group with (NH4)2SO4 + KNO3 addition (NN). The results demonstrated that adding NH, NO, and NN significantly increased the content of bioavailable organic nitrogen in the composting. Furthermore, compared to the CK, the NH treatment reduced nitrogen loss by 8.41 %. Structural equation modeling revealed the correlation between bacterial communities and organic nitrogen fractions in different treatment groups. Comparisons of nitrogen efficacy and nitrogen loss indicated that adding (NH4)2SO4 was more effective during composting, which provided a meaningful research basis for rice straw composting.

Brown sugar as a carbon source can make agricultural organic waste compost enter the secondary thermophilic stage and promote compost decomposition.

To enhance the efficiency of composting agricultural organic waste (AOW), this study aimed to examine the impact of inoculating tomato straw compost with two distinct microbial agents: ZymoZone (ZZ), a composite microbial agent derived from the straw compost and Effective Microorganisms (EM), a commercial microbial agent. Furthermore, in order to reactivate the microorganisms within the compost during the initial high temperature phase, 10% brown sugar was introduced as a carbon source. The objective of this addition was to assess its influence on the composting process. The findings revealed that compared to the control (CK) group, the ZZ and EM treatments extended the first high-temperature phase by 2 and 1day, respectively. Furthermore, with the addition of 10% brown sugar, the ZZ and EM treatments remained in the second high-temperature phase for 8 and 7days, respectively, while the CK treatment had already entered the cooling stage by then. Notably, the inoculation of microbial agents and the addition of brown sugar substantially augmented the activity of lignocellulose-related hydrolases, thereby promoting the degradation of lignocellulose in the ZZ and EM treatment groups. This was confirmed by FTIR analysis, which demonstrated that the addition of microbial agents facilitated the degradation of specific substances, leading to reduced absorbance in the corresponding spectra. XRD analysis further indicated a notable reduction in cellulose crystallinity for both the ZZ (8.00%) and EM (7.73%) treatments. Hence, the incorporation of microbial agents and brown sugar in tomato straw compost effectively enhances the composting process and improves the quality of compost products.

APPLICATION OF BIOSTIMULANTS BASED ON PADDY STRAW COMPOST AND INORGANIC FERTILIZER IN INCREASING SOIL FERTILITY AND RED CHILLI YIELD

Salinity due to abiotic stress can reduce the yield and productivity of agricultural crops. The negative effects of salinity stress can be overcome by adding soil organic matter that is enriched with beneficial microbes. The aim of this research is to evaluate the application of a combination of straw compost with biostimulant microbes and doses of N, P, K fertilizer which can increase soil fertility and red chili yields and can reduce the use of inorganic fertilizer doses on Inceptisols saline and non-saline soils. The research was designed using the Randomized Block Design with 14 treatments combination and three replications, namely control treatment, as well as a combination of rice straw compost without or with added biostimulants with reduced doses of N, P, K fertilizer on non-saline and saline soils (4 dS /m). The research results showed that the combination of straw compost treated with biostimulants with various levels of N, P, K fertilizer doses was able to increase plant N content, Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) population and red chili plant yields in both saline and non-saline Inceptisols. Biostimulants applied to straw compost can reduce the use of N, P and K fertilizer doses by up to ¼ of the recommended dose for the fruit weight of chili plants planted in saline Inceptisols soil

Rice Straw Compost and Husk Biochar as Growth Starters and In Vitro Heavy Metal Biosorbents

Soil microbial activity is known to increase with compost application, aiding in nutrient absorption by plants and the provision of growth-promoting chemicals. Biocar, derived from plant fires or through heavy metal biosorption, also plays a crucial role in soil improvement. Therefore, this study aimed to develop rice straw compost and husk biochar as growth starters and evaluate their potential for heavy metal biosorption in vitro. The experiment was conducted in Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia, from October 2023 to January 2024. Rice straw and husk were collected at several random points in previously determined active fields (Stage I Point 4). After characterizing the chemical and physical properties, the rice straw was composted, and the husk was biocharized. The incubation medium used was rice field soil from Samarinda, while straw compost, husk biochar, soil compounds, and heavy metals were evaluated at the Soil Science Laboratory, Mulawarman University. In addition, microbial analyses were performed at the Plant Pest and Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, and Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences. The results showed that compost materials and biochar content strongly influenced the overall bacterial and fungal colonies. As the incubation time increased, the bacterial and fungal colonies decreased. During the initial two months of waste intake, the number of colonies significantly increased, showing a notable difference compared to periods before the addition of compost or biochar.

Isolation and screening of potential lignocellulolytic microbes from Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province

Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province is an important area for rice cultivation in Thailand. However, large amounts of rice straw generated at harvest time are often burnt in the fields, causing environmental degradation and air pollution. To address this, rice straw composting by degrading microorganisms has been identified as an effective alternative for sustainable waste management, with potential applications in environmental biotechnology. For this study, 28 microorganism samples were collected from various sources in Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province, including a corrugated paper manufacturer, plant-cultivated soil, compost from dung, black soldier flies, and vermicompost. Lignocellulolytic microorganisms were screened for cellulase, xylanase, and manganese peroxidase production on agar plates and broth media using commercial and rice straw substrates. The lignocellulolytic activities were compared among the isolated and non-pathogenic microorganisms. A microbial consortium with high potential to degrade rice straw was identified, consisting of two thermophilic bacteria, Bacillus licheniformis BKT1 and BOT4, two mesophilic actinomycetes, Streptomyces ardesiacus AQ4 and An6, two thermophilic actinomycetes, Streptomyces thermoalcalitolerans APT3 and Streptomyces thermoviolaceus subsp. thermoviolaceus AQT2, and two fungi, Penicillium sp. Fh11 and Aspergillus sp. Fj6. This microbial consortium induced rapid composting of rice straw, thereby supporting sustainable agricultural waste management and reducing PM25 air pollution.

Effects of Organic Substrate Amendments on Selected Organic Fractions and Biochemical Parameters under Different Soils.

The application of organic substrates can affect soil respiration, dehydrogenase (DH-ase) activity, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and humic acid (HA) fractions. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of five organic substrates in the organic fractions of degraded alluvial soil, acid sulfate soil, and sandy soils and the physicochemical properties of the soil. Soil samples were amended at a rate of 5 tons ha-1 with (1) water hyacinth compost, (2) sugarcane filter cake compost, (3) biogas sludge-rice straw compost, (4) vermicompost, and (5) sludge. The results showed that soil respiration and DH-ase activity increased rapidly within the first 5 days of incubation, while the concentrations of DOC and HA decreased throughout the incubation period. The highest respiration and DH-ase activity occurred after the application of vermicompost. DOC was found to be the highest in soils amended with sugarcane. The highest concentration of HA was observed with the application of sugarcane residues, regardless of the type of soil. The application of water hyacinth and biogas sludge stimulated cumulative HA only in the acid sulfate soil, while vermicompost improved HA only in the degraded soil. The largest stimulation in respiration and DH-ase activity was observed in degraded and sandy soils, regardless of the type of amendment. In the acid sulfate soil (3.7 mg·C·g-1), larger amounts of DOC and HA were observed than in both degraded (1.7 mg·C·g-1) and sandy soils (1 mg·C·g-1). However, DH-ase activity was the lowest in acid sulfate soil.

Exchangeable Al, peanut growth, and nodulation on Ultisol Bogor as affected by ameliorant proportion of lime and organic matter

Ultisols are characterized as acid soils with high exchangeable Al as the primary constraint for plant growth. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the proportion of lime and organic matter in decreasing exchangeable Al on Ultisol Bogor and continued to observe the impact on the growth and nodulation of peanuts. The pot experiment used a completely randomized design with a single treatment of the addition of ameliorant consisting of 12 levels of the treatment of lime (calcite and dolomite), organic matter (dry cow dung and rice straw compost), and their combinations with three replications. The first step was applying the ameliorant and incubating for eight weeks, then continuing the cultivation of peanuts. Results showed that during incubation, the decrease in exchangeable Al levels varied between treatments, along with an increase in soil pH and available P. The treatments of calcite 100% (T1) and dolomite 100% (T2) showed the highest increase in soil pH and available P and the highest decrease in exchangeable Al. The result of plant growth showed that the highest plant dry weight, N-uptake, and P-uptake were obtained by the treatment of dolomite 25% + rice straw compost 25% + dry cow dung 25% + NPK 25% (T10), whereas the highest number and total weight of nodules were obtained by the rice straw compost 50% + dry cow dung 50% (T7) and dolomite 25% + rice straw compost 75% (T8).

Shallot cultivation originated from true shallot seed (TSS) on Andisols enriched with various ameliorants

Application of soil ameliorants is important to improve Andisols properties and increase shallot productivity. The research objective is to determine the kind of ameliorant which the best effect on the growth and productivity of shallots originating from TSS in Andisols Lembang, West Java. The experiment was conducted in Margahayu Research Station, Lembang, West Java from January to May 2021. A randomized block design (RBD) with 6 treatments and 5 replications was set up in the field. Treatments include control (no ameliorant), 20 tons/ha of horse manure, 10 tons/ha of rice straw compost, 10 tons/ha of bamboo leaf compost, 10 tons/ha of husk biochar, and 5 kg/ha humic acid. The results showed that vegetative performance and yield of true shallot seed-based shallot variety of Trisula in Andisols enriched with rice straw compost was higher than in other ameliorant treatments. Additionally, nutrient uptake in rice straw compost treatment was also higher than in other ameliorant treatments.

The Plant Growth Analysis of Cucumis sativus L. Affected by Various Types of Organic Matter

Organic matter can be used to increase the growth and metabolism activities of Cucumis sativus L. plants. Plant growth analysis is a simple method that can be used to determine physiological activities that support plant growth. The study aims to describe plant activities through plant growth analysis which is influenced by the use of organic matter. The research was conducted at the Experimental Garden, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Perjuangan Tasikmalaya. The study used a Completely Randomized Design - single factor (types of organic matters) i.e. control, rice straw compost, rice husk, leaf green compost, and cow manure. Four replications were used in this study. Based on our study, the application of organic matter significantly affects LAI 2 WAP, LAI 4 WAP, WC 2 WAP, WC 4 WAP, NAR, PGR, and HI. Cow manure, green leaf compost, and rice straw compost can increase LAI, while rice husk, rice straw, and green cow manure can increase WC. Furthermore, the application of rice husk and cow manure was able to increase in NAR, CGR, and HI. The increase NAR, CGR, and HI in this study was positively correlated with r= 0.622 and r= 0.284, respectively.

Microbial agents obtained from tomato straw composting effectively promote tomato straw compost maturation and improve compost quality

Appropriate management of agricultural organic waste (AOW) presents a significant obstacle in the endeavor to attain sustainable agricultural development. The proper management of AOW is a necessity for sustainable agricultural development. This can be done skillfully by incorporating microbial agents in the composting procedure. In this study, we isolated relevant bacteria strains from tomato straw AOW, which demonstrated efficient degradation of lignocellulose without any antagonistic effects in them. These strains were then combined to create a composite microbial agent called Zyco Shield (ZS). The performance of ZS was compared with a commercially effective microorganism (EM) and a control CK. The results indicate that the ZS treatment significantly prolonged the elevated temperature phase of the tomato straw pile, showing considerable degradation of lignocellulosic material. This substantial degradation did not happen in the EM and CK treatments. Moreover, there was a temperature rise of 4-6℃ in 2 days of thermophilic phase, which was not the case in the EM and CK treatments. Furthermore, the inoculation of ZS substantially enhanced the degradation of organic waste derived from tomato straw. This method increased the nutrient content of the resulting compost and elevated the enzymatic activity of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes, while reducing the urease enzyme activity within the pile. The concentrations of NH4+-N and NO3--N showed increases of (2.13% and 47.51%), (14.81% and 32.17%) respectively, which is again very different from the results of the EM and CK treatments. To some extent, the alterations observed in the microbial community and the abundance of functional microorganisms provide indirect evidence supporting the fact that the addition of ZS microbial agent facilitates the composting process of tomato straw. Moreover, we confirmed the degradation process of tomato straw through X-ray diffraction, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, and by scanning electron microscopy to analyze the role of ZS microbial inoculum composting. Consequently, reinoculation compost strains improves agricultural waste composting efficiency and enhances product quality.

Low-Temperature Fermented Straw Compost Regulates Rice Growth and Yield by Affecting Soil Physicochemical Properties and the Expression of Important Signaling Pathway Genes

Soil physicochemical properties affect crop growth and yield. The addition of fertilizers can improve the soil quality during crop cultivation, leading to increased agricultural production. Organic fertilizers may be produced by composting straw that would otherwise be discarded as agricultural waste, with potential implications for sustainable agricultural development. However, the mechanism underlying the effects of straw compost on crop growth is unknown. In this study, a microbial agent suitable for straw decomposition in cold regions was used for a large-scale biological fermentation. Organic compost was obtained after the decomposition of straw. The straw compost was mixed with soil in different proportions and then used to cultivate Songjing 2 rice plants. The addition of straw compost significantly increased the growth and yield of the rice plants and enhanced various physiological indices. Moreover, the straw compost treatment significantly improved soil physicochemical properties (e.g., pH, enzyme activity, nutrient composition, and microbial diversity) and optimized the soil conditions for crop growth. In addition, the application of straw compost influenced the expression of genes in rice metabolic pathways as well as pathways mediating secondary metabolite synthesis and plant hormone signal transduction. The study data reflect the potential applicability of low-temperature straw fermentation technology for maximizing crop production.

Novel ferrous disulfide loaded palygorskite composites as additives in lignocellulosic waste composting for improving humification

Improving the composting efficiency of lignocellulose wastes has been the focus in the field of aerobic fermentation. In this study, FeS2 was modified on the surface of palygorskite to regulate the straw composting. Material characterizations showed that FeS2/Pal composite exhibited glutathione oxidase and catalase activities, attributing to the fact that nano FeS2 filled the aggregation space of the original palygorskite, exposing more active sulfur vacancy defects. During the composting process, the addition of FeS2/Pal could adjust pH value and increase electrical conductivity, which was conducive to improving the efficiency of biological redox process. The total degradation ratio of cellulose was 52.54% with FeS2/Pal added. The repolymerization of small molecule intermediates was strengthened, and the final polymerization degree and maturity of composting products was improved. Since the sequence abundance of aromatic amino acids biosynthesis and carbon fixation pathways was higher revealed by PICRUSt. High-throughput sequencing results showed that bacterial community was more dominant than fungi, with community richness index increased by 2.3–3.7 times. The pathogenic bacteria such as Atopostipes and Corynebacterium were disappeared, and heat-resistant bacteria were dominant. The key bacteria and fungi in the group added with FeS2/Pal were Limnochordaceae and Melanocarpus genus, which were related to the cellulose enzymatic hydrolysis and humification degree.

The Impact of Marasmius tricolor 310b on the Degradation of Cellulose in Rapeseed Straw Composting

Composting, a vital process for organic waste management, hinges on intricate microbial dynamics. The role of specific microbial inoculants, such as fungi, in shaping these dynamics remains an area of keen interest. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of the fungal inoculant Marasmius tricolor 310b on composting dynamics, with a focus on temperature variations and the degradation of lignocellulosic components. We conducted a comprehensive composting experiment with four treatments: pure rapeseed straw, rapeseed straw with Marasmius tricolor 310b, a combination of rapeseed straw and pig manure, and the combination with Marasmius tricolor 310b. Temperature dynamics, lignocellulosic degradation rates, and fungal community structures were meticulously analyzed. While Marasmius tricolor 310b did not significantly alter the temperature profile, its presence markedly enhanced the degradation rates of cellulose and lignin. With the introduction of Marasmius tricolor 310b, the degradation rate of cellulose in the rapeseed straw compost increased from 0.0319 (ST) to 0.0419 (STM). In the combined rapeseed straw and pig manure compost, this rate rose from 0.0422 (STPM) to 0.045 (STPMM). For hemicellulose, the degradation rate in the rapeseed straw compost increased from 0.0103 (ST) to 0.014 (STM). However, in the combined compost, it slightly decreased from 0.0146 (STPM) to 0.013 (STPMM). As for lignin, its degradation rate in the rapeseed straw compost saw an increase from 0.0024 (ST) to 0.00366 (STM). In the combined compost, the rate rose from 0.00302 (STPM) to 0.00402 (STPMM). Fungal community analyses revealed discernible shifts in structure and diversity upon the fungus’s introduction. Network analyses further highlighted a highly interconnected microbial community, suggesting its robustness against perturbations. Temporal dynamics underscored the intricate interplay of microbial interactions, substrate availability, and external inoculants. The introduction of Marasmius tricolor 310b profoundly influences composting dynamics, offering valuable insights into microbial community interactions and presenting potential avenues for optimizing composting strategies.

Advancing Energy Recovery from Sugarcane Leaf via Two-Stage Anaerobic Digestion for Hydrogen and Methane Production: Impacts on Greenhouse Gas Mitigation and Sustainable Energy Production

This study aims to enhance energy recovery from sugarcane leaf (SCL) through two-stage anaerobic digestion (TSAD) for hydrogen and methane production. The influence of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on this process was investigated. Optimal conditions established through batch experiments (5% total solids (TS) (w/v) and rice straw compost inoculum) were applied in semi-continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR-H2 and CSTR-CH4). Remarkably, the highest production rates were achieved with HRTs of 5 days for CSTR-H2 (60.1 mL-H2/L·d) and 25 days for CSTR-CH4 (238.6 mL-CH4/L·d). Microbiological analysis by 16s rRNA sequencing identified Bacillus as predominant in CSTR-H2 followed by Lactobacillus and Clostridium. Utilizing SCL for TSAD could reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2.88 Mt-CO2 eq/year, compared to open-field burning, and mitigate emissions from fossil-fuel-based power plants by 228 kt-CO2 eq/year. This research underscores the potential of TSAD for efficient energy recovery and significant GHG emission reductions.

Pemanfaatan Kompos Jerami Padi dalam Pengembangan Bawang Merah di Ultisol Dataran Rendah Kota Padang

Shallots are a high-value horticultural commodity. But so far, they have been mostly developed in the highlands. Shallots are plants that like areas with hotter air temperatures, so they are suitable for cultivation in the lowlands. Still, the soil that is widely available in the lowlands of the city of Padang is Ultisol. Ultisol contains high clay, so the soil becomes dense, the available nutrients are low, and the ground has difficulty passing water. Using Ultisol as a land for planting shallots, it requires using organic fertilizer in large doses. One of the agricultural waste products that is available and has yet to be widely used in Lambung Bukik Village is rice straw. Rice straw is a waste that is difficult to decompose. Therefore, it is necessary to use a decomposer to get compost faster. Training on making rice straw compost and making demonstration plots was carried out in Lambung Bukik, Padang City, to support the development of shallot cultivation on lowland Ultisol. Farmers are very enthusiastic about learning to cultivate shallots and making organic fertilizer from rice straw.

Identifying the fate of Cd passivation during the long-term composting of rice straw: role of humic substances

Identifying the fate of Cd passivation during the long-term composting of rice straw: role of humic substances

Impacts of long-term organic manure inputs on cultivated soils with various degradation degrees

With an increasing concern of soil health and sustainable development, organic manure application has been readdressed in recent years. In Northeast China, the agricultural industry is highly developed and organic manure resources are abundant, but soil degradation is serious due to extensive expansion of cultivation. Currently, limited information is available on how soils with various degradation degrees respond to long-term manure fertilization. Given that, a comparative study was conducted based on soil functional assessment of croplands with over 35 years of manure fertilization (maize straw compost, SA; cattle manure, CA) and various degradation degrees (none, light, moderate, and heavy). Soils in these croplands were loess-derived Mollisols and concentrated on a gentle to flat slope. Except for the difference in manure fertilization (SA and CA), similar field managements were adopted for these croplands during the past 35 years. Results showed that the impacts of erosion degradation and manure fertilization on soil physical structure lasted across the whole profile (0 ∼ 120 cm), while their impacts on soil nutrient properties were concentrated in shallow layers (<50 cm). Meanwhile, erosion degradation dominated 17.9% of the variance of soil physical structure, and soil profile depth contributed to 15.9% of soil nutrient variation. According to field validation regarding soil erosion modulus and crop yield, principal component analysis (PCA) with a nonlinear scoring method showed a good performance on the integrated soil functional index (ISI) assessment in this study area. The ISI of these croplands was found to be minimally characterized by BD, SOC, TN, AK, sand content, and CEC (R2 >0.64, p < 0.001). In addition, manure fertilization could significantly improve the ISI and maize yield for degraded soils, but had a slight impact on these two indicators for non-degraded soils. In terms of contribution to ISI improvement, SA (1.79% ∼ 283.73%) generally outperformed CA (4.53% ∼ 212.83%), while the latter was more effective in altering soil structure in deep layers (>70 cm). Generally, the ISI and maize yield were more susceptible to erosion degradation than manure fertilization. The obtained results provide useful information for a better cropland management in Northeast China.

Compost of peanuts residue and rice straw compost on soil Nitrogen forms and upland rice yield

&lt;p&gt;This study provides an innovation in making compost from rice straw (low quality) mixed with peanut residue (high quality) to improve the quality of rice straw compost. The purpose of this research was to discover the optimum composition of a mixture of peanut residue and straw for mineralization, absorption, and Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) and its effect on upland rice plants. The study was conducted in three stages. The first stage determined the quality of five compost mixtures: C1, C2, C3, C4, and C5. The second phase of testing for cumulative N minerals was performed after 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks of incubation. The third stage examined the impact of the compost mixture on the growth and yield of upland rice in comparison with two treatments, namely the control and NPK fertilizer. The results showed a similarity in the forms of mineralization, where the cumulative N mineral increased with the addition of peanut residue to the compost mixture. The use of a mixture of peanut residue and rice straw compost increased net mineralization by 37.27% (C5) to 59.48% (C1), N uptake by 49.19% (C5) to 62.95% (C3), and NUE by 15.04% (C4) to 51.48% (C3). A strong relationship was detected between the quality of the compost and the forms of N in the soil, particularly the nitrate content, total N minerals, and N microbial biomass, with correlation coefficients of 0.92, 0.88, and 0.94, respectively. A strong to very strong relationship was detected between N form and N uptake (r = 0.84), plant height (r = 0.79), number of tillers (r = 0.78), yield of rice plants (r = 0.93 (plant total dry weight), and r = 0.76 (grain weight). The optimum N uptake, NUE, and yield of upland rice were shown by C3 treatment of 405.28 mg pot&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, 42.21%, and 6.19 tons ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;

Inoculating functional bacteria improved the humification process by regulating microbial networks and key genera in straw composting by adding different nitrogen sources

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of functional inoculant and different nitrogen sources on the relationship among lignocellulose, precursors, and humus as well as their interactions with bacterial genera in straw composting. Results showed that inoculation improved the heating process and retained more nitrate compared to control. Inoculation increased the degradation of lignocellulosic components by 26.9%-81.6% and the formation of humus by 15.7%–23.0%. Bioinformatics analysis showed that inoculation enriched key genera Chryseolinea in complex nitrogen source (pig manure) compost and Pusillimas, Luteimonas, and Flavobacteria in single nitrogen source (urea) compost, which were related to humus formation. Network analysis found that inoculation and urea addition improved the microbial synergistic effect and inoculation combined with pig manure had more complex modularity and interactions. Combining the functional bacterial inoculant with urea helped to enhance the degradation of lignocellulose and humification process during straw composting especially with single nitrogen source.

Soil decreases N2O emission and increases TN content during combined composting of wheat straw and cow manure by inhibiting denitrification

Nitrogen loss is a significant factor limiting the quality of compost products. This work examined the composting of cattle manure and wheat straw in combination with soil quantifying composting performance, microbial communities and nitrogen metabolism. Compost combined with lou soil (LS), gray desert soil (GDS) and acidic purple soil (APS) had increased in total nitrogen content of 74.4, 39.0 and 48.1 %, respectively, surpassing the control (CK) by at least 24.5 %. In comparison to CK (207 mg/kg), the LS, GDS and APS treatments had N2O emissions lowered by 15.7, 13.2 and 3.5 %, respectively. These results show that LS and GDS additions can effectively lower greenhouse gas emissions and nitrogen loss. The addition of these soils also enriched specific ammonification bacteria, thereby facilitating nitrogen metabolism throughout the composting process. With LS, the relative abundances of ammonification bacteria, such as Corynebacterium and Ureibacillus, increased by 156 and 141 %, respectively, whereas with GDS, the increases were 108 and 133 %, respectively. Also, the addition of LS and GDS decreased nitrogen loss during composting by increasing the enrichment of nitrification genes and decreasing the enrichment of denitrification genes (norB and norC) to a certain extent. This work provides a novel, cost-effective and sustainable technique for enhancing composting, as well as valuable insights into the critical function of different soil-mediation in reducing nitrogen loss and greenhouse gas emissions during composting.