Compost Production Research Articles

Efeito residual de fontes de fósforo na presença e ausência de composto orgânico na produção de beterraba e chicória em cultivo sucessivo de brócolis

ABSTRACT The utilization of organic fertilizer for a short cycle crop may allow planting, in sequence, another short cycle crop, without the need for new fertilizers, reducing the costs of a new fertilization. The objective of this study was to evaluate the residual effect of fertilization applied to broccoli with phosphorus sources in the presence and absence of organic compost, on beet and chicory production in subsequent cultivation. In broccoli cultivation, four sources of phosphorus (thermophosphate, natural phosphate, natural reactive phosphate, and triple superphosphate) (600 kg/ha of P2O5) were evaluated in the presence and absence of organic compost (Visafértil®, 55 t/ha) before planting. After the removal of the cultural remains of broccoli, beet and chicory, seedlings were transplanted in the same plots of the first crop treatments. For each species eight treatments were evaluated, in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme. The first factor were the four sources of phosphorus and the second one was the application or not of organic compost before broccoli (hybrid BRO 68) planting. Treatments with organic compost showed greater production of beet and chicory, compared to the absence of compost. Fertilization with organic compost associated to the phosphorus sources provides necessary residual effect to beet and chicory production. The best P source for beet was triple superphosphate, and for chicory, in the absence of organic compost, triple superphosphate was the best source. In the presence of organic compost, the best sources were triple superphosphate and natural phosphate.

ІННОВАЦІЙНИЙ МАРКЕТИНГОВИЙ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ ПРОДУКЦІЇ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОГО ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

The article explored the significant role of innovative marketing management in enhancing the competitiveness of products at socially responsible enterprises in modern conditions of globalization and growing competition, particularly focusing on "Moloko Vitchyzny". The purpose of the article is to determine the impact of innovative marketing strategies on increasing the competitiveness of products and improving the social responsibility of the enterprise. The article delved into the integration of compost production as a novel approach in the process of diversification of production, emphasizing its profitability and effectiveness in addressing environmental issues related to waste utilization. The study highlighted the diversification of activities as a strategic move to expand product range and attract new consumers, thereby solving ecological challenges and improving the company's brand image. This innovative marketing strategy, which incorporates social responsibility and ecological safety, proves to be crucial for achieving sustainable development and maintaining competitiveness in today's market. The research confirmed that adopting such innovative approaches not only aids in surviving market fluctuations but also thrives by meeting the evolving needs of consumers and contributing positively to societal and environmental welfare. Furthermore, the implementation of these strategies underscores the pivotal importance of innovation in marketing and product management for fostering a culture of corporate social responsibility and environmental stewardship. An innovative approach in marketing management that takes into account social responsibility and environmental safety is а key to achieving sustainable development and competitiveness in the modern market. The authors noted that by aligning business goals with societal values, socially responsible enterprises like "Moloko Vitchyzny" not only enhance their market presence but also contribute to the broader goal of sustainable global development, showcasing the integral role of ethical business practices in today's competitive and environmentally conscious market landscape.

Application of Weed Compost Product (WCP) to Improve Quality Ultisol and Increase for NPK Efficiency in Cultivation of Soybean (Glycine max L) in North Sumatra

Application of Weed Compost Product (WCP) to Improve Quality Ultisol and Increase for NPK Efficiency in Cultivation of Soybean (Glycine max L) in North Sumatra

Composting of Rice Straw–Based Materials using Aerobic Bioactivator Isolated from Rice Straw, Mahogany Bark and Cassava Peels

Compost is one of organic fertilizers that play an important role in maintaining soil health and supporting sustainable agriculture. Diverse aspects could be developed to increase the quality of compost. This study aims to compare the quality of compost produced by using two different bioactivators, namely aerobic bioactivator RMC (the microbial consortia isolated from composted rice straw, mahogany bark and cassava peels + additional supplement) and fermentative bioactivator (EM4 + molasses) in the composting of the mainly rice straw-based materials. Composting was conducted using a single factor completely randomized design consisting of five levels as follows: C0 (control, rice straw); C1 (rice straw + bioactivator EM4 + molasses); C2 (rice straw + bioactivator RMC + additional supplement); C3 (rice straw + cow dung + bioactivator RMC + additional supplement); C4 (leaf litter + cow dung + bioactivator RMC + additional supplement, as comparison treatment with no rice straw). Among the treatments of C0, C1 and C2, composting the same rice straw material but different bioactivators, C2 showed the highest compost quality and decomposition rate. Among the other three treatments of C2, C3 and C4 composting different materials but using the same bioactivator, C3 showed the highest compost quality, but the three treatments showed the same high decomposition rate. Based on the characteristics of the compost product, including nutrient content, the treatment C3 produced the highest quality, followed by C4 and then C2. Both bioactivators EM4 + molasses and RMC+ additional supplement tended to increase total bacteria, fungi, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing microbiota in the compost products compared to the control without bioactivator. A set of aerobic bioactivator RMC plus additional supplement serve as one strategy to accelerate the composting process and to enhance the compost quality.

Assessing feasibility of sewage sludge composting in rotary drum reactor

In a year-long study, the efficacy of a manually operated rotary drum prototype, jointly developed by CEIT Spain and IIM Mumbai, was examined for sanitized compost production in Indian conditions. The prototype, a 200-liter horizontal plastic drum made of high-density polyethylene, incorporated a perforated polypropylene pipe for passive aeration of the composting mixture. Focused on optimizing composting of sewage sludge from a Municipal MBBR, the research targeted key process variables in the rotary drum reactor to attain the thermophilic phase. Wood shavings emerged as the optimal bulking agent, with a mixing ratio of three parts dewatered sewage sludge to one-part bulking agent. A turning frequency of every 12 h proved optimal for achieving the desired temperature of around 60 °C. The study concluded that the final sludge quality met prescribed standards, showcasing the viability of the rotary drum system for efficient compost production in Indian settings.

Biochar addition accelerates the humification process by affecting the microbial community during human excreta composting

ABSTRACT Biochar addition plays an important role in manure composting, but its driving mechanism on microbial succession and humification process of human excreta composting is still unclear. In the present study, the mechanism of biochar addition was explored by analysing the humification process and microbial succession pattern of human excreta aerobic composting without and with 10% biochar (HF and BHF). Results indicated that BHF improved composting temperature, advanced the thermophilic phase by 1 d, increased the germination index by 49.03%, promoted the growth rate of humic acid content by 17.46%, and raised the compost product with the ratio of humic acid to fulvic acid (HA/FA) by 16.19%. Biochar regulated the diversity of fungi and bacteria, increasing the relative abundance of Planifilum, Meyerozyma and Melanocarpus in the thermophilic phase, and Saccharomonospora, Flavobacterium, Thermomyces and Remersonia in the mature phase, which accelerates the humification. Bacterial communities’ succession had an obvious correlation with the total carbon, total nitrogen, and temperature (P < 0.05), while the succession of fungal communities was influenced by the HA/FA and pH (P < 0.05). This study could provide a reference for the improvement of on-site human excreta harmless by extending the thermophilic phase, and facilitating the humification in human excreta compost with biochar addition.

Potensi Pemanfaatan Limbah Kotoran Ternak Sapi Sebagai Pupuk Kompos Ramah Lingkungan

The utilization of cow dung waste as compost has significant positive impacts on the agricultural sector and the environment. This article describes the production process of compost fertilizer and analyzes its impact on soil fertility, crop productivity, and reduction of environmental pollution. Compost fertilizer not only improves soil structure and provides balanced nutrition for plants, but also reduces the amount of waste discharged into the environment. The discussion will cover the technical aspects of compost production, its impact on soil quality, and the need for further research to support sustainable agriculture. The utilization of cow dung waste as compost provides important benefits that can improve the understanding and practice of sustainable agriculture.

Partial substitution of nitrogen fertilizers by organic products of rural waste co-composting impacts on farmland soil quality

Substituting nitrogen fertilizers with organic fertilizer is considered as an important measure to address agricultural non-point source pollution. However, little is known about the impact on soil environment of rural multi-source waste compost products to substitute nitrogen fertilizers. Here we examined the response of soil quality to the alternative application of organic products which previously made from co-compost of swine manure, human excrement and rice straw. According to the soil quality evaluation model, we observed that compost product application improved soil quality, wherein 40% compost product instead of nitrogen fertilizer showed a best effect on promoting soil quality. This was strongly related to microbial diversity and their network complexity. Also, compost product application shifted the composition of bacterial and fungal communities, significantly increasing relative abundances of dominant bacteria phyla (e.g. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota and Gemmatimonadota) and fungal phyla (e.g. Ascomycota), which indicated that compost product application facilitate the growth of microorganisms eutrophic taxa of microorganisms. Collectively, this study gives an optimal solution to replace nitrogen fertilizers by co-composted organic product and provides a deeper understanding of the impact of rural waste co-composted product on agricultural soils along with their value for agricultural utilization.

A versatile CuCo@PDA nanozyme-based aptamer-mediated lateral flow assay for highly sensitive, on-site and dual-readout detection of Aflatoxin B1

Mycotoxin contaminations in food and environment seriously harms human health. Constructing sensitive and point-of-test early-warning tools for mycotoxin determination is in high demand. In this study, a CuCo@PDA nanozyme-based aptamer-mediated lateral flow assay (Apt-LFA) has been elaborately designed for on-site and sensitive determination of mycotoxin Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Benefiting from the rich functional groups and excellent peroxidase-like activity, the CuCo@PDA with original dark color can be conjugated with the specific recognition probe (i.e., aptamer), generating colorimetric signal on the test lines of Apt-LFA via a competitive sensing strategy. The signal can further be amplified in-situ by catalytic chromogenic reaction. Therefore, a visual and dual-readout detection of AFB1 has been realized. The developed Apt-LFA provides a flexible detection mode for qualitative and quantitative analysis of AFB1 by naked-eyes observation or smartphone readout. The smartphone-based LFA platform shows a reliable and ultrasensitive determination of AFB1 with the limit of detection (LOD) of 2.2 pg/mL. The recoveries in the real samples are in the range of 95.11–113.77% with coefficients of variations less than 9.84%. This study provides a new approach to realize point-of-test and sensitive detection of mycotoxins in food and environment using nanozyme-based Apt-LFAs.

The Influence of Marketing Strategy and Port Performance on Enhancing The Competitiveness of Maritime Economy at The Patimban International Port (PIP)

This research presents successful community empowerment programs focusing on sustainable tourism development and waste management in Prabumulih, Indonesia. The Desa Wisata Burai Program, initiated in 2016 by Pertamina EP (PEP) Prabumulih, aimed to enhance the tourist experience by providing recreational facilities, such as saung, galleries, and kiosks, while supporting local artisans. Alongside this, the SARAH (Sampah Jadi Berkah) Program, started in 2020, focused on integrated waste management, transforming waste materials into compost and innovative upcycled products. Collaborations with local institutions resulted in the creation of herbal soaps and probiotic beverages. Both initiatives demonstrated positive social, economic, and environmental outcomes, including increased income generation, environmental preservation, and strengthened community bonds. The programs' successes underscore the importance of community-based approaches in sustainable development, providing replicable models for similar regions. The Desa Wisata Burai and SARAH Programs exemplify how targeted interventions can foster community empowerment, environmental conservation, and socio-economic growth, highlighting the significance of collaboration between various stakeholders to achieve long-term sustainable development goals.

TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOSTS FROM LITTER MANURE IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FARM

The purpose of the study was to increase the efficiency of compost production from organic raw materials of agroecosystems through the development and implementation of scientifically based complex technical, technological solutions and economic assessments based on the results of production tests of technical means in real farming. The results of production tests of mechanized technology for processing litter chicken manure based on sunflower seed husks into high-quality environmentally friendly organic fertilizers-composts are considered. The research was carried out in the conditions of the farm with the provision of effective preparation of the mixture by mechanical complexes of machines and intensive aeration. Mechanized technology using the modernized PRT-10 is recommended for small farms with a compost preparation volume of up to 2-3 thousand tons per year and provides highly effective fertilizers for 45–60 days. The use of the AZK-2 aerator-mixer on raw materials with a density of more than 600 kg/m3 is necessary with aggregation with an MTZ-80 tractor equipped with a crawler, providing a working speed of 0.2 m/s. The capacity of the mixing aerator is 300-500 t/h. Two variants of technological maps have been developed for completing mechanized compost production technology with technical means. The first one is based on the use of the AZK-2 trailed aerator-mixer, and the second option is the modernized PRT-10 organic fertilizer spreader paired with the T-156K loader. The largest difference in technological indicators is observed in fuel consumption – almost 2.5 times in favor of using the trailed aerator-mixer AZK-2. The economic assessment of the planned processing of raw materials at 3000 tons shows that the unit costs for the production of compost in this case are 107.58 UAH/t as opposed to 176.28 UAH/t in the first version.

JUSTIFICATION OF RATIONAL OPTIONS FOR APPLICATION OF TECHNICAL MEANS FOR THE PREPARATION OF COMPOST MIXTURE

The goal of the research was to increase the efficiency of compost production from organic raw materials of agroecosystems through the development and implementation of scientifically based complex technical and technological solutions under conditions of accelerated aerobic fermentation. Four operating schemes of rotary drum-blade devices were chosen for research: single- and double-drum aerator, single- and double-drum PRT. The interrelationship between the parameters of the mechanized composting process and the design of the working bodies for the purpose of ensuring the set tasks has been established. In general, the process of functioning of the working body is divided into three processes, which are performed in a complex: loosening (shredding) or separation of shavings (particles) from the total mass, mixing and molding of the edge. The results of the experiments show better indicators of mixing quality and homogeneity for the M-shaped arrangement of the blades on the drum compared to the L-shaped one. The consumed power is less for the L-shaped arrangement of the blades. The conclusions are objective, regardless of the type of raw material and the height of the placement of the working body in relation to the side. As a result of the conducted theoretical and experimental studies, rational options for the use of technical means of compost mixture preparation are substantiated. Under the condition of ensuring the maximum homogeneity of the compass mixture, the largest value of the edge structure index and the minimization of energy consumption: – when processing chicken litter based on sunflower husk (ρ = 360–450 kg/t3, W = 32–44%, Mgran &lt; 2123 t) it is advisable to use a device based on PRT-10 with one L-shaped working body; – when processing chicken litter based on sunflower husks (ρ = 360–450 kg/t3, W = 32–44%, Mgran &gt; 2123 t) it is advisable to use a device based on an aerator with two L-shaped working bodies; – when processing chicken bedding straw cattle manure (ρ = 680–750 kg/ t3, W = 42–66%, Mgran &lt; 2123 t) it is advisable to use a device based on PRT-10 with two L-shaped working bodies; – when processing chicken bedding straw cattle manure (ρ = 680–750 kg/ t3, W = 42–66%, Mgran &gt; 2123 t) it is advisable to use a device based on an aerator with one M-shaped working body.

Study of the Effect of Adding Eco-Enzyme to the Process of Decomposing Organic Waste on the Quality of Compost, Leachate, and Methane Gas Production

Waste generation is increasing along with the increase in population and human living needs. The most dominant waste composition in Indonesia is organic waste, which accounts for 53.97% of the total waste. Eco-enzyme is one of the waste utilization products that has the potential to become an activator for the decomposition process and reduce the environmental effects of waste decomposition. The aim of this research is to analyse the micronutrient content of compost, reduce leachate toxicity, and accelerate the production of methane gas resulting from decomposition using eco-enzymes. The method used was an experimental method (trial) to obtain primary data from laboratory test results during 28 days of research. The research results show that, in general, there is a significant difference in the quality of compost in organic waste that uses eco-enzyme compared to that that does not use eco-enzyme. The results of measuring the quality of the leachate resulting from decomposition show that the quality of the leachate that uses eco-enzyme is better and has lower toxicity than without using eco-enzyme (control). In the production of methane gas, the results show that methane gas production in decomposition using eco-enzymes reaches the methanogenesis process more quickly.

Effects of oxytetracycline on variation in intracellular and extracellular antibiotic resistance genes during swine manure composting

This research aimed to investigate the alterations in extracellular (eARGs) and intracellular (iARGs) antibiotic resistance genes in response to oxytetracycline (OTC), and unravel the dissemination mechanism of ARGs during composting. The findings revealed both low (L-OTC) and high contents (H-OTC) of OTC significantly enhanced absolute abundance (AA) of iARGs (p < 0.05), compared to CK (no OTC). Composting proved to be a proficient strategy for removing eARGs, while AA of eARGs was significantly enhanced in H-OTC (p < 0.05). OTC resulted in an increase in AA of mobile genetic elements (MGEs), ATP levels, antioxidant and DNA repair enzymes in bacteria in compost product. Structural equation model further demonstrated that OTC promoted bacterial DNA repair and antioxidant enzyme activities, altered bacterial community and enhanced MGEs abundance, thereby facilitating iARGs dissemination. This study highlights OTC can increase eARGs and iARGs abundance, underscoring the need for appropriate countermeasures to mitigate potential hazards.

Production of Red Chilli (Capsicum annum L.) Hybrid Seed, Curmiyeast Concentrate, and Compost Based on Dairy Farm Waste

This experiment aimed to produce hybrid red chilli seeds, Curmiyeast- concentrate, and Bokashi compost based on a dairy farm. Red chilli G 3 and G 7 were used as parent stocks in preparing UNIB C H73 hybrid. The recommended time for crossing the red chilli was around 06.00- 10.30 in the morning. The ingredients of Curmiyeast- concentrate were rice brand, ground corn, soybean meal, palm oil, mineral mix, salt, and urea. At the same time, Curcuma xanthorrhiza and yeast were 2 and 1%, respectively, in a total of 100%. Curmiyeast- concentrate in this modified formula contained 15.22% crude protein, with the price of Rp. 8,515/kg and MIOFC of Rp. 78,470/head/day or Rp. 9,019/l of milk produced. Bokashi compost contained N, P, K, and C organic and a ratio of C/N (18.9) that fulfilled the standards of SNI 19-7030-2004.

Exploring the extent of refuse use on urban cropping in Zongo of the Wa Municipality, Ghana

Refuse heaps are common scenes in cities in developing countries amidst the springing up of urban cropping but with low yields. However, the linkages between refuse generation and use in urban cropping appear to be little addressed in the existing literature. This paper sought to explore the separation of refuse into biodegradable and non-degradable and the use of the biodegradable portion as compost in urban cropping to improve crop production often linked to urban food availability. Hence, refuse generation at the household levels and refuse at the dumping sites were determined and sorted out using Wa Zongo as a study area. By combining convenience and simple random sampling, fifteen respondents from fifteen houses within a 150-metre radius of a dumping site were interviewed. Descriptive statistics, connecting and classifying, were employed in the data analysis. Findings revealed that more refuse is generated; a greater portion is decomposable; 93.3% of the respondents do not know the use of refuse for cropping; and, 53.3% prefer inorganic fertilizers for farming. To reduce refuse and eliminate the heaps, this study recommends refuse segregation at home and dump sites, biodegradable refuse for the production of compost and the use of public education to achieve this feat.

Peningkatan Keterampilan Budidaya Tanaman Organik melalui Pelatihan Pembuatan Pestisida Nabati dan Pupuk Kompos

The majority of residents in Punggur Kapuas are engaged in farming, primarily in horticulture and food crops, making agriculture a pivotal economic sector in the region. However, a significant issue has been the heavy reliance on chemical pesticides and fertilizers, which not only pose environmental risks but also indicate a lack of knowledge regarding sustainable and eco-friendly farming practices. The continuous use of chemical inputs has led to soil and water pollution, as well as disruptions to the natural ecosystem. To combat these challenges, this initiative focuses on training and educating farmers in the production of natural botanical pesticides and organic compost. The project encompasses needs analysis, collaborative design, outreach and training, monitoring, and financial analysis to compare the costs of natural alternatives with chemical inputs. The training component covers two main aspects: the production of botanical pesticides using readily available natural materials such as papaya leaves and garlic, and the creation of organic compost from organic waste. Compost production has a host of benefits, including improved soil fertility and reduced dependence on harmful chemical fertilizers. The method used is by counseling, discussion and direct practice in the field. The outcomes of this initiative include enhanced knowledge and skills among the farming community in Punggur Kapuas regarding the creation of safe and environmentally friendly botanical pesticides, a reduction in the use of chemical pesticides, increased productivity of organic crops, and heightened awareness of the importance of sustainable farming practices. The project has already demonstrated positive impacts, with participants gaining practical expertise in botanical pesticide and compost production. The initiative aims to encourage the adoption of organic farming practices and environmental sustainability, thereby benefiting the local economy and ecosystem. Future efforts may include extension activities, active mentoring, and supplementary skills training to further advance organic crop cultivation and promote sustainability in local agriculture.

Soil decreases N2O emission and increases TN content during combined composting of wheat straw and cow manure by inhibiting denitrification

Nitrogen loss is a significant factor limiting the quality of compost products. This work examined the composting of cattle manure and wheat straw in combination with soil quantifying composting performance, microbial communities and nitrogen metabolism. Compost combined with lou soil (LS), gray desert soil (GDS) and acidic purple soil (APS) had increased in total nitrogen content of 74.4, 39.0 and 48.1 %, respectively, surpassing the control (CK) by at least 24.5 %. In comparison to CK (207 mg/kg), the LS, GDS and APS treatments had N2O emissions lowered by 15.7, 13.2 and 3.5 %, respectively. These results show that LS and GDS additions can effectively lower greenhouse gas emissions and nitrogen loss. The addition of these soils also enriched specific ammonification bacteria, thereby facilitating nitrogen metabolism throughout the composting process. With LS, the relative abundances of ammonification bacteria, such as Corynebacterium and Ureibacillus, increased by 156 and 141 %, respectively, whereas with GDS, the increases were 108 and 133 %, respectively. Also, the addition of LS and GDS decreased nitrogen loss during composting by increasing the enrichment of nitrification genes and decreasing the enrichment of denitrification genes (norB and norC) to a certain extent. This work provides a novel, cost-effective and sustainable technique for enhancing composting, as well as valuable insights into the critical function of different soil-mediation in reducing nitrogen loss and greenhouse gas emissions during composting.

Biomethane and Compost Production by Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Waste: Suggestions for Rural Communities in Southern Italy

The sharp increase in rural tourism brings, on the one side, economic and social benefits among rural communities but, on the other, contributes to environmental challenges, specifically waste generation and natural resource consumption. From the ecological perspective, several pathways have been developed from local and global communities, such as prevention, reuse, recycling and energy recovery. The present research, by considering the need to boost separate collection and valorize organic waste among rural communities, evaluates the performance of a combined anaerobic digestion and composting plant in Southern Italy. The purpose is to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of collecting organic waste in rural areas and recovering it into biomethane, digestate and compost. First, the research develops the material flow analysis of a real, accessible and available anaerobic digestion and composting plant in Southern Italy. Secondly, on the basis of the results obtained, the research calculates the biomethane, digestate and compost potential in Southern Italy, considering the amount of organic waste produced in 14 rural communities identified as the most beautiful villages in Italy. Last, the research compares the advantages and disadvantages of producing biomethane through anaerobic digestion or resorting to community composting in rural areas. It results that the biomethane and compost potential through anaerobic digestion is 423,854 kg and 954,896 kg, respectively, but significant financial investments must be allocated in order to allow the municipalities to enhance the logistics and the separate collection facilities. The research highlights possible strategies under the circular economy lens to boost sustainability in rural areas, focusing on biomethane and compost production and providing policy implications in light of the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP) and the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP).

Circular Economy in Wastewater Treatment Plants—Potential Opportunities for Biogenic Elements Recovery

Technologies used in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) allow the recovery of energy and valuable elements (phosphorus, nitrogen, and organic carbon) for the soil. This article presents, in schematic form, the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling in a WWTP with a load of 70,000 Population Equivalent and develops a spreadsheet to estimate their recovery. Biogas generation enables the recovery of 1126 Mg of organic carbon per year and the generation of 12.6 GWh of energy. The most rational form of organic waste recycling is the production of compost with fertilizing parameters, but efforts should be made to reduce iron compounds in its composition. It has been estimated that compost production provides the recovery of 30% of carbon, 98% of phosphorus, and 18% of nitrogen from the streams of these elements entering the WWTP. The possibility of partially replacing the iron coagulants used to precipitate phosphorus with waste magnesium salt is presented, leading to the precipitation of struvite, which is well absorbed by plants. The article presents the advantages of combining sewage treatment with organic waste management in WWTPs. The developed spreadsheet allows for the control of energy recovery through the quantitative selection of organic waste for fermentation.