Properties Of Composites Research Articles

Achieving excellent physico-mechanical properties of Cu matrix composites by incorporating a low content of a three-dimensional graphene network

In-depth investigation of the distribution form of the reinforcement and associated mechanisms has great significance for fabricating highly strengthened and conductive Cu matrix composites. The three-dimensional graphene (3DG) network can withstand more strain due to its large specific surface area, and provides interlinked high-speed conductive paths within the composites. In this study, we propose a feasible method to fabricate 3DG-reinforced Cu matrix composites; here, the Cu foam serves as the initial substrate during the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) process and as the matrix of the composites. Through constructing an ideal 3DG network, the graphene content is approximately 0.28 vol%, and a remarkable 230 % improvement in the ultimate tensile strength (418 MPa) with a high electrical conductivity (97.02 %IACS) is obtained in the composite. The continuous high-quality 3DG network is conducive for achieving excellent physico-mechanical properties of the composites, and the enhanced efficiency is superior. A new concept of fabricating Cu matrix composites was proposed for future research.

Mechanical properties enhancement of 3D-printed HA-PLA composites using ultrasonic vibration assistance

ABSTRACT 3D-printed HA-PLA composites have attracted much attention because of their excellent biodegradability and osteointegration properties. However, HA particles negatively affect the mechanical properties of the composite parts. In this study, ultrasonic vibration-assisted 3D printing was used to improve the mechanical properties of HA-PLA composite specimens, and the effects of different infill angles and ultrasonic vibration power on the mechanical properties were investigated. The results demonstrated that the degradation and anisotropy of the mechanical properties of HA-PLA composites were alleviated by the use of ultrasonic vibration. By applying the ultrasonic vibration, the tensile and flexural strengths of the 20 wt% HA-PLA specimens fabricated with a 90° infill angle demonstrated the largest improvement of 104.3% and 112.7%, respectively. The high-frequency ultrasonic vibration waves promoted the spreading and fusion of the extruded materials, thereby reducing overlapping voids within the specimens and improving the interface bonding strength, also facilitated the refinement and dispersibility of the HA particles, which inhibited the formation of stress concentrations within the specimens and ultimately improved the mechanical properties. The printing process developed in this study can also be adapted to other particle (or other reinforcement types) reinforced composite to improve their mechanical performance.

Fully Bio-Based Polymer Composites: Preparation, Characterization, and LCD 3D Printing.

The present work aimed to prepare novel bio-based composites by adding fillers coming from agro-wastes to an acrylate epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) resin, using liquid crystal display (LCD) 3D printing. Different photocurable formulations were prepared by varying the reactive diluents, iso-bornyl methacrylate (IBOMA) and tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate (THFA). Then, two fillers derived from different industrial wastes, corn (GTF) and wine (WPL-CF) by-products, were added to the AESO-based formulations to develop polymer composites with improved properties. The printability by LCD of the photocurable formulations was widely studied. Bio-based objects with different geometries were realized, showing printing accuracy, layer adhesion, and accurate details. The thermo-mechanical and mechanical properties of the 3D-printed composites were tested by TGA, DMA, and tensile tests. The results revealed that the agro-wastes' addition led to a remarkable increase in the elastic modulus, tensile strength, and glass transition temperature in the glassy state for the systems containing IBOMA and for flexible structures in the rubbery region for systems containing THFA. AESO-based polymers demonstrated tunable properties, varying from rigid to flexible, in the presence of different diluents and biofillers. This finding paves the way for the use of this kind of composite in applications, such as biomedical for the realization of prostheses.

Enhanced microstructure and mechanical properties of ZrN-reinforced AlSi10Mg aluminum matrix composite

Aluminum matrix composites (AMCs), incorporating Zirconium Nitride (ZrN) as reinforcing additives, demonstrate immense promise for applications in aerospace, automotive, and power generation due to their unique combination of low density, superior mechanical properties, and excellent thermal/electrical conductivity. This study explores the influence of ZrN reinforcement on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AlSi10Mg metal-matrix composites. Utilizing high-energy ball milling (HEBM) and spark-plasma sintering (SPS), ZrN/AlSi10Mg composites were synthesized, achieving nearly full density with uniform ZrN distribution, while phase and chemical transformations were not observed in the bulk composites. The addition of ZrN resulted in a notable increase in hardness of 237% (182 ± 8 HV2), elastic modulus of 56% (114 ± 3 GPa), compressive and tensile strength of 183% (565 ± 15 GPa), and 125% (387 ± 9 GPa), respectively, for composites containing 30% ZrN, compared to the non-reinforced alloy. Experimentally determined coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) for composites with 10%, 20%, and 30% ZrN content were 19.8 × 10−6 °C−1, 19.1 × 10−6 °C−1, and 18 × 10−6 °C−1, respectively, which well relates to Schapery’s model. These findings contribute to understanding the synthesis, mechanical behavior, and thermal properties of ZrN/AlSi10Mg composites, demonstrating their potential for diverse engineering applications.

Effects of modified coal gasification fine slag on the processing and mechanical properties of natural rubber composites

AbstractCoal gasification fine slag (CGFS) is rich in unburned residual carbon, silica and alumina, and has a large specific surface area, making it a potential polymer‐reinforcing filler. Tea polyphenol (TP)‐modified coal gasification fine slag (TP‐CGFS‐T) was prepared using flotation and modification methods in this study. The effects of unmodified and modified CGFS‐T on the sulfurization performance, processing properties, thermal stability, fracture morphology, and mechanical properties of natural rubber composite materials were investigated. Results indicated that after TP modification, CGFS‐T exhibited highly uniform dispersion on the surface without the agglomeration of fillers. When the dosage of TP‐CGFS‐T was 20 phr, the comprehensive performance of the natural rubber (NR) composite material was optimal, with a tensile strength of 12.12 MPa, the elongation at break of 1208.83%, the tear strength of 30.94 kN/m, and the shore hardness of 38.7 A. As the amount of TP‐CGFS‐T increased, the scorch time of NR increased, which enhanced the processing safety of rubber. This study provides a strategy for treating CGFS, which can both reduce the pollution caused by CGFS and save costs for NR composite materials.Highlight The CGFS is separated into concentrate and tailings by flotation. The compatibility between fillers and the matrix is enhanced by TP modification of CGFS‐T. The composite materials show excellent mechanical and processing properties.

Broadband electromagnetic wave absorption properties of RGO cement-based composite

In this study, a cement-based composite was prepared using reduced graphene oxide (RGO) as a raw material via an ethanol liquid-phase mixing pre-dispersion process. The microstructure of cement-based composites with varying RGO contents was discussed, and a systematic investigation was conducted into the electromagnetic wave absorption (EWA) performance of RGO-cement composites within the frequency range of 2–18 GHz. The results indicate that the RGO content significantly impacts its wave absorption performance. Notably, at an RGO content of 3.0 wt%, the wave absorption performance experiences substantial enhancement. For instance, the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −48.33 dB at 8.9 GHz with a coating thickness of 2.6 mm is achieved, while an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 5.02 GHz is attained with a thickness of only 1.6 mm, covering nearly the entire Ku-band. The incorporation of high specific surface area RGO into cement materials results in abundant interface polarization losses and additional electromagnetic wave transmission paths, effectively boosting the EWA performance. Consequently, these materials exhibit significant potential for applications in the field of electromagnetic wave shielding.

Consequences of Gamma Irradiation on Triphala’s Phytochemical Compositions, Microbial Burden and Antioxidant Properties

Triphala, a renowned polyherbal blend comprising three fruits, Phyllanthus emblica Linn., Terminalia chebula Retz., and Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb., in equal proportions, holds a rich historical lineage in both Ayurvedic and Thai traditional medicine. Triphala has been reputed as the indigenous medicine in the Thailand National List of Essential Drugs: List of Herbal Medicinal Products which has been widely used as a natural remedy for relieving cough and phlegm. However, the inherent challenge of microbial contamination in herbal remedies necessitates effective interventions. Gamma () irradiation emerges as a pivotal method to mitigate the microbial burden in medicinal plants, albeit with potential repercussions on their chemical composition and biological properties. This study investigated the impact of -irradiation doses of 5, 10, and 25 kGy exposed to Triphala and the microbial contamination along with antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC), gallic acid (GA), and chebulagic acid (CA) contents. The TPC and antioxidant activity of non-irradiated and irradiated Triphala were determined by using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and DPPH assay, while the GA and CA contents were quantified by HPLC analysis. The results demonstrated the efficacy of radiation doses (5-25 kGy) in diminishing microbial loads without significantly altering TPC or DPPH scavenging activity. Intriguingly, irradiation at 5 and 10 kGy, resulted in a notable increase in GA contents and CA contents (p< 0.05). Thus, the -irradiation emerges as a promising avenue for preserving Triphala quality and antioxidant properties amidst microbial contamination challenges.

Unleashing the power of artificial intelligence in phonon thermal transport: Current challenges and prospects

The discovery of advanced thermal materials with exceptional phonon properties drives technological advancements, impacting innovations from electronics to superconductors. Understanding the intricate relationship between composition, structure, and phonon thermal transport properties is crucial for speeding up such discovery. Exploring innovative materials involves navigating vast design spaces and considering chemical and structural factors on multiple scales and modalities. Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming science and engineering and poised to transform discovery and innovation. This era offers a unique opportunity to establish a new paradigm for the discovery of advanced materials by leveraging databases, simulations, and accumulated knowledge, venturing into experimental frontiers, and incorporating cutting-edge AI technologies. In this perspective, first, the general approach of density functional theory (DFT) coupled with phonon Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) for predicting comprehensive phonon properties will be reviewed. Then, to circumvent the extremely computationally demanding DFT + BTE approach, some early studies and progress of deploying AI/machine learning (ML) models to phonon thermal transport in the context of structure–phonon property relationship prediction will be presented, and their limitations will also be discussed. Finally, a summary of current challenges and an outlook of future trends will be given. Further development of incorporating AI/ML algorithms for phonon thermal transport could range from phonon database construction to universal machine learning potential training, to inverse design of materials with target phonon properties and to extend ML models beyond traditional phonons.

Compositional, Structural, and Biomechanical Properties of Three Different Soft Tissue-Hard Tissue Insertions: A Comparative Review.

Connective tissue attaches to bone across an insertion with spatial gradients in components, microstructure, and biomechanics. Due to regional stress concentrations between two mechanically dissimilar materials, the insertion is vulnerable to mechanical damage during joint movements and difficult to repair completely, which remains a significant clinical challenge. Despite interface stress concentrations, the native insertion physiologically functions as the effective load-transfer device between soft tissue and bone. This review summarizes tendon, ligament, and meniscus insertions cross-sectionally, which is novel in this field. Herein, the similarities and differences between the three kinds of insertions in terms of components, microstructure, and biomechanics are compared in great detail. This review begins with describing the basic components existing in the four zones (original soft tissue, uncalcified fibrocartilage, calcified fibrocartilage, and bone) of each kind of insertion, respectively. It then discusses the microstructure constructed from collagen, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), minerals and others, which provides key support for the biomechanical properties and affects its physiological functions. Finally, the review continues by describing variations in mechanical properties at the millimeter, micrometer, and nanometer scale, which minimize stress concentrations and control stretch at the insertion. In summary, investigating the contrasts between the three has enlightening significance for future directions of repair strategies of insertion diseases and for bioinspired approaches to effective soft-hard interfaces and other tough and robust materials in medicine and engineering.

Prediction of grain boundary strength and mechanical responses of high-entropy carbides reinforced by hybrid graphene and SiC nanowire

The excellent performance of high entropy ceramics (HECs) has attracted extreme attention in the most advanced functional applications and engineering structures, yet the poor toughness limits the application of HECs in many fields. As a consequence, advanced technology and new doping phases are urgently demanded to enhance the comprehensive mechanical properties of HEC composites. The microstructure model of 0.2 wt% graphene (G) and SiC nanowires (SiCnw) doped in (HfNbTaTiZr)C is established in Abaqus with Python language. The effects of HEC-HEC interface strength and HEC-G interface strength on crack propagation and mechanical properties of HEC composites were investigated. The improvement of mechanical properties of (HfNbTaTiZr)C with different content of SiCnw was predicted respectively. The composites obtain the optimal combination of mechanical properties at the content of 1.5 wt% SiCnw. The accuracy of the simulation is verified by the experimental data of mechanical properties changing trend and toughening mechanism, providing theoretical support for toughening HEC composites.

Mechanical performances of continuous carbon fiber reinforced PEEK (polyether ether ketone) composites printed in a vacuum environment

Continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP) composites have attracted significant attention in various industries due to their exceptional mechanical properties and lightweight nature. Various methods have been applied to improve the mechanical properties of parts produced by fused deposition modeling (FDM), such as printing in a vacuum environment. Vacuum is utilized during printing to minimize heat transfer by convection, improve interfacial bonding, and reduce void formation. This study investigates the effects of vacuum and process parameters on the mechanical and microstructural properties of continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites. The goal was to investigate the effects of the printing parameters in a vacuum environment and therefore, enhance the mechanical properties. CFRTP test specimens were produced under various vacuum levels and processed at nozzle temperatures, heated bed temperatures, and printing speeds. Three-point bending tests were conducted to evaluate the flexural properties, and microstructural analysis was performed using optical microscopy. The results demonstrate the positive influence of vacuum on flexural performance and highlight the importance of controlling parameters, such as nozzle temperature and heated bed temperature for achieving enhanced mechanical properties. This study provides valuable insights into the production of higher mechanical properties of CFRTP composites and contributes to advancements in their manufacturing.

TiO2 modified limonite for selective catalytic reduction of NO from cement kiln flue gas with NH3

Limonite was used as a precursor and TiO2 as a modifier to synthesize TiO2/Limonite composites through the wet impregnation method. The influences of the TiO2 doping amount, the calcination temperature on the denitration efficiency and the structure and properties of composites were systematically studied. The results showed that the modified catalyst over the Ti/Fe mass ratio was 0.07 and the calcination temperature was 300°C exhibited excellent catalytic activity, good stability, and remarkable resistance to water and sulfur dioxide within reaction temperature of 100 ∼ 240°C. When NO initial concentration was 0.05 % and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) was 36,000 h−1 and the reaction temperature was 130°C, the NO conversion efficiency reached 100 %, and the N2 selectivity was 99.6 %. When the catalyst was exposed to 10 %H2O at 150°C, it maintained a 100 % NO conversion efficiency. In the presence of 10 %H2O and 50 ppm SO2 at 200°C, the NO conversion efficiency remained at 100 %. The TiO2/Limonite catalyst possessed improved performance due to the introduction of the anatase TiO2, which led to more lattice defects, weak Lewis acid sites, and higher adsorbed oxygen mobility.

Microstructures and mechanical properties of TiAl matrix composites with multi-precipitates quasi-continuous network reinforced structures

A novel quasi-continuous network reinforced structure that consists of borides and carbides in B4C/TiAl matrix composites was innovatively designed for the strengthening at high temperatures. Simultaneously, impacts of such reinforced structures on microstructures and mechanical properties of the composites have been unveiled. TiAl matrix units in B4C/TiAl composites are duplex microstructures which are composed of (α2+γ) colonies and γ grains. The ascent of B4C contents triggers off the formation of network reinforced structures in the layers of TiAl matrix units. With B4C contents increasing to 0.1wt.%, elasticity modulus and ultimate compressive strengths of B4C/TiAl composites are upgraded from 10.944GPa and 723.10MPa to 16.052GPa and 774.611MPa. As B4C contents reach at 5.0wt.%, elasticity modulus and ultimate compressive strengths further soar to 17.244GPa and 799.19MPa. Borides and carbides within the quasi-continuous network reinforced structures are unfolded as stripe and needle shaped TiB with B27 structure and Ti2AlC particles with MAX structure. Parts of Ti2AlC particles take TiB as cores to nucleate and grow. Moreover, TiC phases usually act as the cores for the nucleation of Ti2AlC particles. The orientation relationships of such reinforcements represent as [011]TiC//[010]TiB, (1-11)[011]TiC//(0006) [-2110]Ti2AlC, [100]TiB//[0001]Ti2AlC, [010]TiB//[-2110]Ti2AlC and [001]TiB//[01-10]Ti2AlC. The fractures of TiB are usually along or perpendicular to [010]TiB direction. Meanwhile, the fracture surfaces of TiB are always parallel to (100)TiB or (010)TiB planes. Additionally, dislocations slip through Ti2AlC particles and lead to separation and sliding of staking planes (0001)Ti2AlC within Ti2AlC lattices. TiB and Ti2AlC with alternative distribution can stabilize the network reinforced structures and upgrade properties of B4C/TiAl composites.

Enhanced interfacial, mechanical, and anti-hygrothermal properties of carbon fiber/cyanate ester composites with the catalytic sizing agents of titanium epoxy

The mechanical properties of composites are closely related to the interfacial behavior, especially under the hygrothermal circumstance. A catalytic sizing agent of titanium epoxy is designed to enhance interfacial, mechanical, and anti-hygrothermal properties of high modulus carbon fiber (HMCF)/cyanate ester composites simultaneously. The mechanisms of interface enhancement and low hygroscopicity of composites are investigated. The titanium epoxy is synthesized and its catalytic effect on the curing of cyanate ester is proved. The interfacial properties of HMCF composites with catalytic sizing agents are improved to 95.5 MPa, which is attributed to the interphase with high crosslinking density and sufficient triazine rings and oxazolidinone structure due to preferential curing induced by interfacial catalysis, stimulating the smooth transition of interphase modulus. Further, the formed interphase exhibits few interface defects and low content of hydroxyl groups, which changes the moisture diffusion path and reduces saturated water absorption of composites to only 0.36%, resulting in the release of interfacial wet stress concentration and high retention of mechanical properties in hygrothermal environment. The resultant composites with high stiffness, excellent temperature resistance, superior dimensional stability and low moisture absorption are expected to be applied to high-orbit space, aerospace, precision instruments.

The synergistic potential of orange peel extract: A comprehensive investigation into its phenolic composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and functional fortification properties in yogurt

The study explores the potential of orange peel extract (OPE) as a versatile natural resource, focusing on its phenolic composition, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties, as well as its application in fortifying yogurt. Analysis revealed significant concentrations of phenolic compounds in OPE. OPE exhibited notable antibacterial efficacy against pathogenic bacteria, particularly marine Escherichia coli, with synergistic effects observed when combined with Amikacin. Incorporating OPE into yogurt led to changes in chemical composition, enhancing total proteins, fat, and ash content. Fortified yogurt showed increased antioxidant activity and potential anti-cancer properties against HCT116 cell lines. In conclusion, OPE emerges as a rich source of bioactive compounds with diverse applications, from its antioxidant and antibacterial properties to its potential in fortifying functional foods like yogurt. This comprehensive exploration provides valuable insights into the multifaceted benefits of OPE, paving the way for its utilization in various industries and health-related applications.

Phase composition, microstructure and mechanical properties of CVD Ti–B–N coatings deposited at different temperatures guided by thermodynamic calculations

TiBN coatings, as materials with broad potential applications, have received much attention in surface engineering in recent years. Within this work, the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) phase diagrams of TiBxNy coatings were calculated and the effects of deposition temperature (830–920 °C) on the microstructure, phase composition and mechanical properties of CVD TiBxNy coatings were investigated. The TiB0.61N0.84 and TiB0.61N0.81 coatings deposited at 830 and 860 °C have a particle-like surface, the TiB0.56N0.88 and TiB0.55N0.92 coatings deposited at 890 and 920 °C exhibit needle-like characteristic. XPS and TEM results indicate that TiBxNy coatings consist of nanocrystalline TiN and TiB2 embedded in amorphous TiB and BN matrix. The TiB0.61N0.84 coating exhibits the highest hardness of 40.7 GPa. The hardness of the coatings decreases as the deposition temperature increases. The presently developed approach of thermodynamic calculations and key experiments is equally valid for the efficient deposition of other CVD coatings.

The Hera Radio Science Experiment at Didymos

Hera represents the European Space Agency's inaugural planetary defense space mission and plays a pivotal role in the Asteroid Impact and Deflection Assessment international collaboration with NASA DART mission that performed the first asteroid deflection experiment using the kinetic impactor techniques. With the primary objective of conducting a detailed post-impact survey of the Didymos binary asteroid following the DART impact on its small moon called Dimorphos, Hera aims to comprehensively assess and characterize the feasibility of the kinetic impactor technique in asteroid deflection while conducting an in-depth investigation of the asteroid binary, including its physical and compositional properties as well as the effect of the impact on the surface and shape of Dimorphos. In this work, we describe the Hera radio science experiment, which will allow us to precisely estimate critical parameters, including the mass, which is required to determine the momentum enhancement resulting from the DART impact, mass distribution, rotational states, relative orbits, and dynamics of the asteroids Didymos and Dimorphos. Through a multi-arc covariance analysis, we present the achievable accuracy for these parameters, which consider the full expected asteroid phase and are based on ground radiometric, Hera optical images, and Hera to CubeSats InterSatellite Link radiometric measurements. The expected formal uncertainties for Didymos and Dimorphos GM are better than 0.01% and 0.1%, respectively, while their J2 formal uncertainties are better than 0.1% and 10%, respectively. Regarding their rotational state, the absolute spin pole orientations of the bodies can be recovered to better than 1 degree, and Dimorphos’ spin rate to better than 10-3%. Dimorphos reconstructed relative orbit can be estimated at the sub-m level. Preliminary results, using a higher-fidelity dynamical model of the coupled motion between rotational and orbital dynamics, show uncertainties in the main parameters of interest that are comparable to those in standard radio science models. A first-order estimate of the expected uncertainty in the momentum transfer efficiency from DART's impact, obtainable with Hera, yields a value of about 0.25. This represents a significant improvement compared to current estimates. Overall, the retrieved values meet the Hera radio science requirements and goals, and remain valid under the condition that the system is determined to be in an excited but non-chaotic (or tumbling) state. The Hera radio science experiment will play an integral role in the exploration of the Didymos binary asteroid system and will provide unique scientific measurements, which, when combined with other observables such as optical images, altimetry measurements, and satellite-to-satellite tracking of the CubeSats, will support the mission's overarching goals in planetary defense and the deep understanding of binary asteroids.

Facile fabrication of 3D-α-Fe2O3@2D-g-C3N4 heterojunction composite materials: Effect of iron oxide loading on the electrochemical performance

Designing heterojunction nanocomposites is crucial for optimizing supercapacitor electrodes. This study addresses the challenge by introducing a facile synthesis method for creating 3D-α-Fe2O3@2D-g-C3N4 heterojunctions through a bulk carbon nitride-assisted hydrothermal process. During this process, the growth of ferric oxide particles coincides with the exfoliation and deposition of carbon nitride, leading to simultaneous structural changes in both iron oxide and carbon nitride phases. The resulting composite's properties strongly correlate with the iron oxide loading. Comprehensive characterization using XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDAX, XPS and TEM identified three distinct structures for α-Fe2O3/g-C3N4 composites based on iron oxide loading: low, medium, and high. The medium-loaded sample demonstrated superior electrochemical performance, attributed to better interfacial contact and the formation of 3D-Fe2O3@2D-g-C3N4 heterojunctions. This composite, with an optimized 22 wt% iron oxide loading, exhibited a maximum specific capacitance of 925.1 Fg−1 at 5 mVs−1 and 498.6 Fg−1 at 6 Ag−1 in charge-discharge analysis, with stable performance over 2000 cycles. Overall, this research presents an enhanced hydrothermal method for facile preparation of effective α-Fe2O3/g-C3N4 heterojunction materials.

The role of Palm Fronds Charcoal Waste Particles On Mechanical, Thermal, and Acoustic Insulation Properties of Epoxy Composite

The main objectives of the current study are to improve the mechanical, thermal, physical and sound insulation properties of an epoxy composite, in addition to reducing environmental pollution resulting from the burning of palm kernel waste, which results from annual periodic cleaning of the palms trees, which have been disposed of by burning it. Charcoal Waste Particles of Palm Fronds Base have been used for epoxy matrix as a naturalistic reinforcement particulate material, risk-free, and non-toxic to enhance its features. The charcoal waste particles have been used in weight rates of 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10%. As stated by the results, the reinforcement process by charcoal waste particles increased the tensile strength value from 8.78 MPa to 13.64 MPa, with a 55%, and increased the elastic modulus value from 0.67MPa to 3.63MPa, with a rate 437%. Moreover, additionally, increased the bending strength from 0.1MPa to 0.64MPa, with a 540%, the hardness value increased from 58.87 to 74 (Shore D No) with a rate 26%, as well as the wear rate has been decreased. Thermal conductivity has dropped by 30% from the pure sample’s value of 0.15W/m. °C to 0.11W/m. °C. Concerning the Acoustic insulation’s, the results demonstrate that the specimens decreased the transferred acoustic energy levels from 103.3 to 95.2dB with rate 8%, with regard to the density of the prepared specimens it has been decreased from 1.55g/cm3 to 1.35g/cm3 and the results show that the liquid absorption rates have been decreased for all composite specimens.

Enhancing Physical-Thermal-Mechanical Properties of Biobased Ceramic Composite Utilizing Natural Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate, Glass, and Tricalcium Silicate

Eggshells, a sustainable raw material, accumulate in millions of tons daily after consumption and are utilized across various industries including food, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and cosmetics. Composed mainly of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) with a purity exceeding 98 wt%, eggshells serve as raw material for producing beta tricalcium phosphate (β-Ca3(PO4)2). The addition of tricalcium silicate cement (C3S) enhances thickening, ductility, and setting properties, facilitating polymerization and solidification through curing and hydration processes. Incorporating soda lime glass powder at varying concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 wt%) improves the mechanical and thermal properties of biobased ceramic composite. Higher concentrations of embedded soda lime glass powder have demonstrated increased compressive strength, reduced water absorption, decreased thermal expansion coefficient, and lowered firing temperature. This renders it a promising alternative for replacing and repairing materials in medical applications such as bone grafts and splints.