Composition Of Subgingival Microflora Research Articles

Quantification of Subgingival Microflora in a Peri Implantitis Patient Using RTPCR - A Case Report

Background and aims . Peri-implantitis is a chronic progressive marginal infection which is defined as an inflammato-ry reaction affecting the tissues surrounding osseointegrated dental implants resulting in loss of supporting bone. Microflora of patients with implants who are edentulous mainly consists of gram positive facultative cocci and non motile rods. Pre-dominantly, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mitis while motile rods, Spirochetes, Fusiforms and filaments are infre-quently found in a healthy, stable implant. Microbiota around the failing implant in edentulous patients usually consists of gram negative anaerobic rods. In partially edentulous patients, peri implant microorganisms are increased in proportion of motile rods, Spirochetes and cocci in a stable implant. In a failing implant, in partially edentulous patients high proportions of P.micros, P.intermedia, C.rectus and Fusobacterium species were observed. The concept that the composition of subgin-gival microflora around implants in partially edentulous patients was said to be resultant of composition of flora around the teeth, based on this principle we set out to identify the presence of putative periodontal pathogens on teeth in a predominantly edentulous arch with a metallic coping with periodontitis and a site in the same mouth with peri implantitis site. Materials and methods . Subgingival plaque samples were collected from a partially edentulous patient using a paper point from the periimplantitis lesion with a probing depth of 8-9mm and a tooth with deepest pocket with a probing depth of 6mm and we analyzed the five putative periodontal pathogens namely, P.gingivalis, P.intermedia, P.nigrecens, T.denticola and T.forcythia using Real Time Polymerised Chain Reaction (RTPCR) technique. Results . P.Gingivalis and P.Intermedia , P.Nigrecens had a 3 fold increase and T.Denticola had 1 fold increase when compared to the periodontitis ( teeth) site, and T.Forsythia was found in trace amounts at the peri implantit is site and was completely absent at the periodontitis( teeth) site. Conclusion . Proper periodontal infection control before the placement of dental implants in partially edentulous individ-uals may prevent early bacterial complications and also continuous monitoring of partially edentulous teeth site making it infection free will help in the longevity of the implant. Key words : Dental Implants, Periimplantitis, Subgingival Microflora, Overdenture.

Characteristics of Periodontal Microflora in Acute Myocardial Infarction

Periodontitis has been linked to increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Systemic reactions associated with cardiovascular events may depend on characteristics of the subgingival microflora in periodontitis. Our objectives were to compare the numbers of cultivable bacteria, composition of subgingival microflora and clonal distribution of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) in two groups of patients with generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP), one with an acute myocardial infarction (AMI-GCP) and the other one without AMI (non-AMI-GCP). In all, 150 dentate individuals were screened for suitability to this study. Subgingival bacterial samples were collected from 11 AMI-GCP and 11 non-AMI-GCP patients who had been selected using strict inclusion criteria in an attempt to exclude confounding factors and to increase comparability of periodontal conditions by matching for periodontal probing depths and attachment levels. Culture methods were used to determine the total viable counts and occurrence and proportions of six periodontal bacterial species and yeasts. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to detect A. actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). Intraspecies characterization of A. actinomycetemcomitans included serotyping and genotyping. The mean proportions of P. gingivalis (P = 0.05) and Tannerella forsythensis (T. forsythensis) (P = 0.01) were significantly lower, but the numbers of Micromonas micros (M. micros) and A. actinomycetemcomitans were up to nine times higher and the mean total number of cultivable bacteria per sample higher (P <0.01) in AMI-GCP than in non-AMI-GCP. The findings that no target subgingival species were overrepresented but the total bacterial number was higher in AMI-GCP than non-AMI-GCP patients may provide support to the hypothesis that elevated numbers of bacteria in close vicinity to sterile parenteral area present a risk for systemic health.

歯周病原菌の酵素活性を指標とした迅速診断法（ＳＫ‐０１３） 歯周初期治療の効果判定への応用

The purpose of the present study was to examine the diagnostic value of the SK-013 (Sunstar, Osaka) in evaluating the effect of initial preparation. The SK-013 is a highly sensitive reagent to measure peptidase activity specifically produced by Bacteroides gingivalis. Bacteroides forsythus, and Treponema denticola. Thirty-six sites in 16 periodontitis patients were monitored in this study. The clinical status of each site was assessed using the clinical indices such as gingival index (GI), plaque index (PII), probing depth (PD), and bleeding on probing (BOP). The composition of subgingival microflora in samples was determined using phase contrast microscopy. Clinical, microbiological, and enzymatic examinations were made at five separate appointments, as follows: (1) at baseline prior to plaque control instruction; (2) 4 weeks following plaque control instruction; and (3) 2, 4, 8 weeks following scaling and root planing of periodontal sites. The results of these examinations were compared statistically. The correlation was positive between the total counts of bacteria including spirochetes and motile rods and the enzymatic activity identified using the SK-013. Also the enzymatic profile was highly correlated with microbiological findings other than clinical indices. These results show that the SK-013 is a clinically useful diagnostic method for assessing the effect of initial periodontal therapy.