Composition Of Oil Research Articles

Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils in the family Lamiaceae

Abstract The family Lamiaceae, commonly known as the mint family, comprises a diverse group of aromatic plants known for their rich essential oil content. This systematic review aims to comprehensively evaluate the chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils derived from various species within the Lamiaceae family. A thorough literature search was conducted across reputable scientific databases, resulting in a meticulous selection of studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The review synthesizes findings from a wide range of investigations, highlighting the chemical constituents present in Lamiaceae-derived essential oils. Major components such as monoterpenes (e.g., limonene, menthol) and sesquiterpenes (e.g., caryophyllene, germacrene) are commonly identified across various species. Moreover, this review provides an extensive overview of the diverse biological activities associated with these essential oils, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and insecticidal properties. Furthermore, the systematic review discusses potential applications and implications of Lamiaceae-derived essential oils in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, agriculture, and food preservation. The comprehensive analysis presented in this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and industries interested in harnessing the immense potential of essential oils from the Lamiaceae family for a wide array of applications. Future research directions are also suggested based on identified knowledge gaps in the existing literature.

Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils in the family Lamiaceae

Abstract The family Lamiaceae, commonly known as the mint family, comprises a diverse group of aromatic plants known for their rich essential oil content. This systematic review aims to comprehensively evaluate the chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils derived from various species within the Lamiaceae family. A thorough literature search was conducted across reputable scientific databases, resulting in a meticulous selection of studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The review synthesizes findings from a wide range of investigations, highlighting the chemical constituents present in Lamiaceae-derived essential oils. Major components such as monoterpenes (e.g., limonene, menthol) and sesquiterpenes (e.g., caryophyllene, germacrene) are commonly identified across various species. Moreover, this review provides an extensive overview of the diverse biological activities associated with these essential oils, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and insecticidal properties. Furthermore, the systematic review discusses potential applications and implications of Lamiaceae-derived essential oils in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, agriculture, and food preservation. The comprehensive analysis presented in this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and industries interested in harnessing the immense potential of essential oils from the Lamiaceae family for a wide array of applications. Future research directions are also suggested based on identified knowledge gaps in the existing literature.

Experimental investigation of the effect of slenderness ratio and retention time on the separation performance of a two-phase horizontal separator

This study investigates the effect of the slenderness ratio (L/D) on the performance of a three-phase separator for constant retention times in the oil phase. The research combines experimental measurements with statistical analysis. To determine the controlling parameters of separation efficiency. The experiments varied 4 independent variables: slenderness ratios (2:1, 4:1, and 5:1); total mass flow rates (2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 GPM); oil layer thickness (9 18 27 and 36 mm) and composition. In addition, the oil flow rate, as part of the total flow, was varied to allow the oil retention time to be held constant. Taguchi and full factorial statistical analysis methods were used to analyse the results. The performance was seen to increase with increasing slenderness ratio for constant retention time. This implies that the slenderness ratio has a positive effect on separation. However, this is not a simple relationship. The main independent variables that affect separation were identified as total flow and aspect ratio, but the interaction of flow rate and slenderness ratio can cancel each other out. The interaction of the oil layer and slenderness ratio is normally insignificant but becomes controlling when the aspect ratio and flow effect cancel each other out. The performance decreases as the oil layer thickness increases and the aspect ratio decreases. This indicates that separators with shorter and wider configurations are less efficient than those with longer and slimmer designs.

Camelina Intercropping with Pulses a Sustainable Approach for Land Competition between Food and Non-Food Crops

With increasing global attention toward the need for mitigating climate change, the transition to sustainable energy sources has become an essential priority. Introducing alternative oilseed crops, such as camelina (Camelina sativa L.), into intercropping systems with staple food crops can mitigate ILUC (indirect land use change) and their negative impact on biofuel production. The present study compared camelina + field pea intercropping (ICw + IP, winter sowing) and camelina + lentil intercropping (ICs + IL, spring sowing) with their respective single crops regarding weed control, soil coverage, yields, and camelina seed quality (1000-seed weight, oil, and fatty acid composition). The comparison between different cropping systems was conducted using a one-way ANOVA. Both intercropping improved weed control at an early stage but no differences in soil coverage were found. Camelina seed yield was negatively affected by the presence of peas, whereas the pulse was unaffected. Conversely, camelina seed yield was not affected when intercropped with lentils while lentils reduced their yield in the intercropping. Furthermore, when camelina was intercropped with lentils, a significant increase was reported in 1000-seed weight and α -linolenic acid (C18:3) compared with the sole-camelina. However, both intercropping systems had a land equivalent ratio (LER, based on total seed yield at maturity) higher than one. Defining the best combination of crops and the optimal sowing and harvesting settings remain key to increasing the adoption of intercropping systems by farmers.

Research on the blocking mechanism of oily sewage reinjection based on microfluidic technology

Reinjection into reservoirs to displace oil is an environmentally friendly and efficient way to treat and use produced oily sewage. However, the permeability damage to the reservoir by the small oil droplets in the oily sewage (usually called oil-in-water, OIW) is a huge challenge in oil industry. In this work, microfluidic device is designed to qualitatively and quantitively evaluate the OIW damage using both micro-homogeneous model and micro-heterogeneous model together with core flooding experiments. The results show that OIW can cause serious permeability damage (more than 60%) to the porous media after 50 PV sewage injection due to the adsorption and accumulation of oil drops in four main forms: oil droplet blockage, column oil blockage, cluster oil blockage, and blind oil blockage. To relieve the OIW damage, according to the composition of oil in the produced water, a new oily blockage removal system, which is composed of organic solvent, surfactant, and alcohol, is developed to solve the problem of pore blockage caused by OIW. The three components in blockage removal system cooperate with each other can effectively remove the blockage in pores caused by OIW, and the permeability recovered to more than 96% of the initial permeability values after 20 PV injection of blockage removal system.

Modeling the Effect of Sulfur Composition in Dispersed Systems Involving Organosulfur Compounds

Background:: Organosulfur compounds within petroleum have far-reaching consequences for the refining industry, combustion of petroleum products, and environmental quality. They induce corrosion in refining equipment, hamper the efficient burning of petroleum products, and contribute to environmental degradation. In high-density asphalt crudes, these compounds are predominantly concentrated within asphaltenes. However, crude oils with extremely high sulfur content, may be distributed across the four constituent families defined by the SARA analysis of crude oil composition. These compounds, characterized by differing polarities, can trigger the formation of a dispersed phase, whose destabilization results in tube clogging issues. Methods:: The research problem focuses on understanding how sulfur composition affects the formation of a dispersed phase in low-polarity organic dispersion media for sulfur-containing hydrocarbons. It is investigated because the presence of sulfur in crude oil significantly affects the behavior of dispersed phases, which can result in operational and environmental quality issues to comprehensively assess the impact of sulfur composition on the dynamics and stability of this dispersed phase, we introduce a mesoscopic model based on the master equation. This model considers the molecular structure of system components and their molecular properties, established through computational quantum chemistry and statistical thermodynamics tools Results:: While our research focuses on a two-phase system, our theoretical insights suggest that increased sulfur content escalates the likelihood of destabilizing the dispersed phase. This adverse effect can be mitigated by incorporating additives capable of reducing the polarizability of the dispersion medium. The novelty lies in the development of a stochastic model to predict the dynamics of dispersed phase formation in sulfur-containing hydrocarbons. This model considers molecular interactions and stochastic processes, offering insights into the influence of sulfur composition on phase behavior. Conclusion:: A stochastic model, based on molecular structure, predicts accelerated formation with increased sulfur concentration, reaching non-equilibrium steady states. Limitations include ad hoc transition probabilities and the exclusion of factors like density and viscosity. Real crudes, with complex compositions, may exhibit different behavior. The presence of sulfur in the dispersion medium enhances the stability of the dispersed system. Our work sheds light on the intricate interplay between sulfur content and the performance of petroleum systems, offering potential solutions to mitigate these issues. Quantitative results include accelerated dispersed phase formation with increased sulfur concentration. Qualitatively, molecular interactions and stochastic processes were explored, highlighting sulfur's impact on phase dynamics.

Do Climate Conditions Affect the Quality of the Apiaceae Fruits’ Essential Oils?

This study investigated the impact of climate conditions on the quality of essential oils extracted from Apiaceae fruits, specifically coriander (Coriandrum sativum var. microcarpum), aniseed (Pimpinella anisum), and annual caraway (Carum carvi var. annuum) grown at three distinct locations in Serbia over three consecutive years. Field experiments were conducted, and essential oils were extracted using a Clevenger-type apparatus followed by gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis for compound identification. Weather conditions during the vegetation periods were recorded, and statistical analyses, including principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis, were performed to assess the volatile compound compositions. Results indicate significant correlations among various compounds within each fruit type, with distinct patterns observed across different years. PCA further elucidates the influence of both year and sampling location on the chemical profiles of essential oils. Cluster analysis reveals clustering primarily based on the year of cultivation rather than geographical location, emphasizing the dominant role of weather conditions in shaping essential oil compositions. This study highlights the intricate relationship between climate conditions and the quality of essential oils in Apiaceae fruits, providing valuable insights for optimizing cultivation practices and enhancing essential oil production. In general, climate conditions strongly influence the coriander, anise, and annual caraway cultivation, and also essential oil quality.

Emerging techniques for the trace elemental analysis of plants and food-based extracts: A comprehensive review

This comprehensive review investigates the dynamic landscape of trace elemental analysis methodologies applied to plants and food-based extracts. The exploration spans from the inception of techniques to the latest procedures, contributing to heightened precision and sensitivity in elemental detection. According to the WHO, herbal plants and medicine from varied soil compositions serve as crucial therapeutic agents for 70–80 % of the world's population. Yet, their susceptibility to trace element toxicity poses a significant risk to human health. Rising population and increased food demands have led to environmental pollution, contaminating the food chain through unintended activities like industrialization, mining, and pesticide production. The elemental composition of plants and derived extracts is central to comprehending nutritional profiles, evaluating product quality, and ensuring food safety. Methodological advancements, progressing from manual procedures to sophisticated technologies such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF), neutron activation analysis (NAA), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP OES), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), are delineated. Recent strides in paper-based electrochemical sensors are highlighted for their distinctive capabilities and elucidation of associated advantages and limitations.Moreover, the review delves into innovative sample preparation methodologies, encompassing microwave-assisted digestion and solid-phase microextraction, to amplify the efficiency of elemental extraction and subsequent analysis. Integrating data analytics and machine learning in elucidating complex elementary datasets is explored, underscoring the potential for heightened accuracy and automation in trace elemental analysis. This review compiles literature data, summarizing sample preparation methods for various herbal parts (roots, soil, stems, bark, fruits, food). Standard protocols from WHO, United States Pharmacopeia-National Formulary (USP-FR), Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy (AYUSH) are considered. Lead, Cadmium, Mercury, and Arsenic are the primary toxic elements of concern in herbal medicines. This review furnishes valuable insights tailored for researchers, analysts, and policymakers actively involved in advancing the domain of trace elemental analysis in plants and food-based extract.

Critical roles of soil composition and pollutant properties on the degradation of PPCPs during ferrous/persulfate processes

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are widely used worldwide and cause potential soil pollution. Fe2+-activated persulfate (PS) processes (Fe-PAPs) are promising techniques for soil remediation. However, a knowledge gap exists in the mechanistic insights into the dominant factors affecting the degradation of different PPCPs in varied soil types. This study systematically investigated the roles of soil components and pollutant properties in the degradation of three PPCPs (triclosan (TCS), triclocarban (TCC), and naproxen (NPS)) in the nine soils in the Fe2+/PS system. The degradation efficiencies of TCS and NPS ranged from 10.92 % to 91.62 % and 46.59 % to 99.81 %, respectively, whereas nearly no degradation was observed for TCC. PPCPs with high water- solubility, high energies of the highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO), low pKa values, low energy gap (ΔE), or low vertical ionization potential (VIP) were more favorable for degradation. XPS analysis suggested that aliphatic carbon (Ali–C–C(H)), ether or alcohol carbon (C–O), and aldehyde or ketonic carbon (CO) on SOM significantly inhibited TCS degradation. The results of ROS quenching experiments showed that SO4•− and 1O2 played major roles in TCS and NPS degradation in the six soils, with the relative contributions ranged from 24.82 % to 99.14 % and 0.15 % to 73.40 %, respectively. The interaction between soil components, active species, and pollutants resulted in the distinct intermediates of TCS and NPS in different soils. Our findings provide in-depth insights into the role of soil composition and pollutant properties on the remediation of PPCP-contaminated soils in Fe-PAPs.

Occupational and human health risks of exposure to potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in top soils from steel fabrication workshops

IntroductionEnvironmental pollution caused by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) from anthropogenic sources has become a global concern due to its deleterious effect on humans and ecosystem health. Therefore, this study evaluated the concentrations of PTEs, pollution level and human health risk in topsoil from ten (10) steel fabrication workshops in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Materials and methodsTen (10) composite soil samples were collected in November 2023, from 10 different steel fabrication workshops in proximity to residence in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. One (1) gram of processed sample was digested using aqua regia and PTE concentration estimated using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Pollution index assessment was determined using enrichment factor (EF) and geo-accumulation index (I-geo) while descriptive statistics and correlation were subjected to statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). ResultsThe result showed that Iron (Fe) (11,500 – 42,100 mg kg−1), Lead (Pb) (10.7 – 583 mg kg−1), Chromium (Cr) (16.3 - 49.7 mg kg−1), Zinc (Zn) (34.6 – 343 mg kg−1), Manganese (Mn) (109 – 840 mg kg−1), Nickel (Ni) (2.23 - 25.3 mg kg−1), Copper (Cu) (16.6 -107 mg kg−1) and Cadmium (Cd) (2.23 - 25.3 mg kg−1) were present. Mean concentration for Pb (179±202 mg kg−1) is higher than the Canada soil guideline value (CSGV) (140 mg kg−1) while other PTEs are within the recommended limit. Pollution indices revealed EF (Cd and Pb) and I-geo (Cd) as the primary pollutants in the soil while the strong significant correlation between Cr, Cu and Mn p < 0.05. Cr, Ni, Pb and that of Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn p < 0.01 suggest an emanation from both geogenic and anthropogenic sources. Human health risk assessment revealed Fe as the most dosed PTE and ingestion as the major pathways of exposure especially to children being the most susceptible. Hazard index (HI) and total cancer risk (TCR) values for PTEs were <1 and within the acceptable threshold (1 × 10−6 – 1 × 10−4) except for Pb (3.93E+01; 1.16E-03) in adults respectively. ConclusionThe study showed that the topsoil from the steel fabrication workshop is polluted with Pb and Cu toxicity and the adult (residents and workers) population exposed to the soil is potentially at a non-cancer and cancer risk.

Use of Biopolymers as Soil Stabilizers: A Review

Abstract: Soil enhancement methods offer engineers solutions for addressing stability issues encountered during project execution. Rather than employing traditional soil treatment techniques, soil stabilization focuses on enhancing the inherent characteristics of the soil. Currently, polysaccharide biopolymers like xanthan gum, guar gum, welan gum, beta glucan, and chitosan are utilized in soil behavior enhancement to mitigate environmental concerns. Biopolymers show promise in improving soil shear strength and reducing subsidence potential at varying water contents. The effectiveness of treatment relies on factors such as soil composition and the specific biopolymer used.

Metabarcoding analysis reveals an interaction among distinct groups of bacteria associated with three different varietals of grapes used for wine production in Brazil

Grapes are globally popular with wine production being one of the most well-known uses of grapes worldwide. Brazil has a growing wine industry, and the Serra Gaúcha region is a significant contributor to the country's wine production. Nonetheless, other states are increasing their relevance in this segment. Environmental factors and the soil microbiome (bacteria and fungi) heavily influence grape quality, shaping the crucial "terroir" for wines. Here, soil quality was assessed through nutrient analysis and bacteria microbial diversity, which could significantly impact grape health and final wine attributes. Soil samples from São Paulo's vineyards, focusing on Syrah, Malbec, and Cabernet Sauvignon, underwent chemical and microbial analysis via 16S rRNA metabarcoding and highlighted significant differences in soil composition between vineyards. Statistical analyses including PCA and CAP showcased region-based separation and intricate associations between microbiota, region, and grape variety. Correlation analysis pinpointed microbial genera linked to specific soil nutrients. Random Forest analysis identified abundant bacterial genera per grape variety and the Network analysis revealed varied co-occurrence patterns, with Cabernet Sauvignon exhibiting complex microbial interactions. This study unveils complex relationships between soil microbiota, nutrients, and diverse grape varieties in distinct vineyard regions. Understanding how these specific microorganisms are associated with grapes can improve vineyard management, grape quality, and wine production. It can also potentially optimize soil health, bolster grapevine resilience against pests and diseases, and contribute to the unique character of wines known as terroir.

Chemical Composition and Efficacy of leaf and Stem Essential Oils and Their Fractions from Ferula Tunetana Pomel ex Batt. as Promising Botanical Insecticides Against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)

Chemical Composition and Efficacy of leaf and Stem Essential Oils and Their Fractions from Ferula Tunetana Pomel ex Batt. as Promising Botanical Insecticides Against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)

Crop Recommendation System

Abstract: In the wake of climate change and evolving agricultural practices, there is an increasing demand for innovative technologies to enhance crop productivity while ensuring sustainability. This abstract presents a comprehensive overview of a state-of-the-art Crop Recommendation System (CRS) designed to assist farmers in making informed decisions regarding crop selection. The CRS utilizes machine learning algorithms and data analytics techniques to analyze various factors such as soil type, climate conditions, historical crop performance, market trends, and farmer preferences. Through the integration of satellite imagery, weather data, soil composition analysis, and historical crop yields, the CRS generates personalized recommendations tailored to specific agricultural contexts

Geological survey techniques and carbon storage: Optimizing renewable energy site selection and carbon sequestration

Geological survey techniques play a crucial role in optimizing site selection for renewable energy projects and identifying suitable locations for carbon storage to mitigate climate change. This abstract provides an overview of how geological survey techniques can be used to achieve these objectives. Renewable energy development, particularly solar and wind power, requires careful site selection to maximize energy generation efficiency and minimize environmental impacts. Geological surveys are instrumental in assessing factors such as subsurface geology, topography, soil composition, and hydrological conditions. These surveys help identify suitable locations with optimal wind or solar resources and geologic conditions for infrastructure development. Additionally, geological surveys are essential for identifying suitable sites for carbon storage, a critical component of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Geological formations, such as deep saline aquifers, depleted oil and gas reservoirs, and unmineable coal seams, can serve as storage reservoirs for captured carbon dioxide (CO2). Geological surveys help characterize these formations to assess their suitability for long-term CO2 storage, considering factors such as porosity, permeability, and sealing integrity. Optimizing site selection for renewable energy projects and carbon storage requires a comprehensive understanding of subsurface geology and environmental conditions. Advanced geological survey techniques, such as seismic imaging, remote sensing, and geophysical surveys, are essential for acquiring detailed subsurface data. These techniques enable scientists and engineers to assess site suitability, evaluate risks, and design effective mitigation measures. In conclusion, geological survey techniques are invaluable tools for optimizing site selection for renewable energy projects and identifying suitable locations for carbon storage. By leveraging these techniques, stakeholders can make informed decisions that promote sustainable energy development and mitigate the impacts of climate change.

Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oil from Leaves of Stigmaphyllon blanchetii

Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oil from Leaves of Stigmaphyllon blanchetii

Association between bacterial community and cadmium distribution across Colombian cacao crops.

Cadmium (Cd) content in cacao crops is an issue that generates interest due to the commercialization of chocolate for human consumption. Several studies provided evidence about the non-biological factors involved in its translocation into the cacao plant. However, factors related to this process, including soil bacterial community composition (SBCC), still need to be addressed. It is well known that soil microbiome could impact compounds' chemical transformation, including Cd, on the field. Here, we found the first evidence of the link between soil bacterial community composition and Cd concentration in cacao soils and seeds. It highlights the importance of including the variation of bacterial communities to assess the factors driving the Cd translocation into cacao seeds. Moreover, the results highlight the relevance of the spatial heterogeneity within and across cacao farms, influencing the variability of Cd concentrations.

Antiviral, Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Anticancer Activity of Plant Materials Derived from Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf Species.

The importance of natural plant materials in modern medicine is considerable, and raw materials with antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer properties are still sought because of microbe resistance and difficulties in anticancer therapy. This review focuses on the lemongrass Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. and on the lemongrass oil properties and applications. Multiple applications of this plant were described in different latitudes and cultures, including cases of digestive disorders and anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, diaphoretic, stimulating, and antispasmodic conditions. Data from the literature on the composition of essential oil and extracts from C. citratus were analyzed, and the results of research on the antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral effects were quoted. Essential oil inhibits the growth of fungi (Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus, Candida spp.) and has an antibacterial effect (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). It also shows antiviral activity and deters insects. Lemongrass contains active substances with potential anticancer effects. This plant has apoptosis-stimulating properties, mainly through the activity of apigenin, which is the main active flavonoid in this plant. This active substance helps inhibit cell proliferation by stopping the cell cycle and directing cancer cells toward apoptosis.

Seasonal influence on the essential oil chemical composition of Hyptis crenata Pohl ex Benth.: a valuable plant from Marajó, Brazil.

Introduction: Essential oils (EOs) from the Hyptis genus have been reported as bactericides and fungicides. However, the properties of these oils can be affected by climatic factors, as well as the collection period, which promotes changes in the chemical composition of the oil. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the climatological influences on the chemical composition of the essential oil from the leaves of Hyptis crenata. Methods: The leaves were collected in Marajó island (Brazil) monthly for a year. The EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Pearson's correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between climatic parameters, content, and chemical composition of essential oil; multivariate analysis was used to evaluate the interrelationship between samples and their chemical constituents. Results and Discussion: The constituents with the highest contents (>2.0%) in essential oils during the studied period were 1,8-cineole (28.48% ± 4.32%), α-pinene (19.58% ± 2.29%), camphor (11.98% ± 2.54%), β-pinene (9.19% ± 1.47%), limonene (6.12% ± 3.15%), α-terpineol (2.42% ± 0.25%) and borneol (2.34% ± 0.48%). β-Pinene significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with precipitation and humidity. According to the chemometric tools, two groups were formed: chemical profile I, marked by 1,8 cineole, α-pinene, β-pinene, borneol, α-terpineol, and limonene, while group II (July) presented a chemical type characterized by camphor. It is understood that the species in question can be a reliable source of biologically active components during different climatic periods in the Amazon. The chemical variability could have significant implications for the pharmaceutical industry and traditional medicine.

The effect of different hydrodistillation times on the composition and yield of bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) peel essential oil and a comparison of the cold‐pressing method

AbstractBergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) is not consumed as fresh fruit as other members of Citrus. Bergamot essential oil has a unique aroma. Bergamot essential oil is a very valuable product used in perfumery, cosmetics, aromatherapy and food industry due to its beautiful scent and functional properties. As with other Citrus species, the composition of bergamot essential oil can vary according to harvest time, climate and extraction technology. Bergamot essential oil could be obtained by cold press extraction or distillation method. Within the scope of the study, the effect of four different hydrodistillation (HD) times (5, 10, 60 and 120 min) on the composition of bergamot essential oil obtained from Turkish fruits was investigated. In the first 60 min, 96.11% of the total essential oil was obtained. Research findings have shown that the distillation time is quite effective in the composition of bergamot essential oil. Limonene, linalool and linalyl acetate, which are the main components of bergamot essential oil, varied in the range, 42.36%–53.25%, 5.59%–12.18% and 20.84%–26.73%, respectively, with respect to distillation time. In cold press method, bergamot essential oil has lower linalool/linalyl acetate ratio (0.15) compared to HD method and a higher quality essence was obtained.