Hardware Composition Research Articles

Optical-fiber distributed temperature sensor: design and realization

Through analyzing theoretically the temperature effect of the optical-fiber Raman backscattering, a distributed temperature sensor is designed based on the single-mode fiber. Demodulation methods of temperature transduction are compared, and then the demodulation method using the ratio of the anti-Stokes and the Stokes Raman backscattering intensity is adopted. Both the hardware composition and the software realization of the system are introduced in detail. The experiment shows that the distinguishing ability of the temperature and that of the space are 1 °C and 2 m, respectively, and that the system response time is about 180 s with a sensing range of 5 km and with a temperature measurement range of 0–100 °C.

New Model and Algorithm for Hardware/Software Partitioning

This paper focuses on the algorithmic aspects for the hardware/software (HW/SW) partitioning which searches a reasonable composition of hardware and software components which not only satisfies the constraint of hardware area but also optimizes the execution time. The computational model is extended so that all possible types of communications can be taken into account for the HW/SW partitioning. Also, a new dynamic programming algorithm is proposed on the basis of the computational model, in which source data, rather than speedup in previous work, of basic scheduling blocks are directly utilized to calculate the optimal solution. The proposed algorithm runs in O(n ċ A) for n code fragments and the available hardware area A. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm solves the HW/SW partitioning without increase in running time, compared with the algorithm cited in the literature.

SISTEM ALARM MOBIL MENGGUNAKAN MIKROKONTROLER AT89S52 BERBASIS SMS

This study aims to design a car alarm system. The system is designed to be able to sound an alarm (sound) alarm and send an SMS message to a phone alarm car owners. The composition of the car alarm system hardware using AT89S52 microcontroller based SMS in this study, consists of 4 main parts of the circuit, which is a series of minimum system microcontroller, power supply, serial communication, Input / Output. In the text of SMS sent and received from mobile (cell phone) to the SMS center or SMS Center to flow in the form of PDU (Protocol Data Unit). In the SMS format is divided into a number of segments each segment of data that it has a specific purpose. The segments are: sms center number, destination number, the bytes for the purposes of this sms settings and the most important is the content of the text messages that have been modified in the form of a PDU. To be able to send or upload the data sms to mobile phones and ordered it to submit data necessary instructions sms AT Command. The results showed that the performance of the alarm system that is designed to work with either.

Overcoming Artifacts from Metallic Orthopedic Implants at High-Field-Strength MR Imaging and Multi-detector CT

At magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and multidetector computed tomography (CT), artifacts arising from metallic orthopedic hardware are an obstacle to obtaining optimal images. Although various techniques for reducing such artifacts have been developed and corroborated by previous researchers, a new era of more powerful MR imaging and multidetector CT modalities has renewed the importance of a systematic consideration of methods for artifact reduction. Knowledge of the factors that contribute to artifacts, of related theories, and of artifact reduction techniques has become mandatory for radiologists. Factors that affect artifacts on MR images include the composition of the metallic hardware, the orientation of the hardware in relation to the direction of the main magnetic field, the strength of the magnetic field, the pulse sequence type, and other MR imaging parameters (mainly voxel size, which is determined by the field of view, image matrix, section thickness, and echo train length). At multidetector CT, the factors that affect artifacts include the composition of the hardware, orientation of the hardware, acquisition parameters (peak voltage, tube charge, collimation, and acquired section thickness), and reconstruction parameters (reconstructed section thickness, reconstruction algorithm used, and whether an extended CT scale was used). A comparison of images obtained with different hardware and different acquisition and reconstruction parameters facilitates an understanding of methods for reducing or overcoming artifacts related to metallic implants.

Quasi Multi-Baseline-Stereo Method with Single Camera for Reducing Occlusion

In this paper, the robust 3D image measurement method is proposed to suppress the occlusion by proposing a quasi Multi-Baseline-Stereo method based on a single camera configuration. We have no way to suppress completely the “occlusion problem in the field of stereo geometry. In order to cope with this problem, multi-baseline-stereo configuration is often adopted and basically effective. This paper proposes a new configuration of the stereo measurement my means of a single camera, mechanical feeder of the object, image processing for base line calibration, and especially a diagonal feeding of the object in front of the camera. The concept of this method is to realize a pair of stereo geometries on the stereo configuration of a single camera and a mechanical feeder. It is technically noted that the base line of this single camera stereo was precisely calibrated by the image processing procedure in both horizontal and vertical directions.This proposed system with the simple hardware composition could be applicable to several kinds of 3D measurements in several industrial fields.

From Statecharts to Verilog: a formal approach to hardware/software co-specification

Hardware/software co-specification is a critical phase in co-design. Our co-specification process starts with a high level graphical description in Statecharts and ends with an equivalent parallel composition of hardware and software descriptions in Verilog. In this paper, we first investigate the Statecharts formalism by providing it a formal syntax and a compositional operational semantics. Based on that, a semantics-preserving linking function is designed to compile specifications written in Statecharts into Verilog. The obtained Verilog specifications are then passed to a partitioning process to generate hardware and software subspecifications, where the correctness is guaranteed by algebraic laws of Verilog.

Examining the architecture of cellular computing through a comparative study with a computer

The computer and the cell both use information embedded in simple coding, the binary software code and the quadruple genomic code, respectively, to support system operations. A comparative examination of their system architecture as well as their information storage and utilization schemes is performed. On top of the code, both systems display a modular, multi-layered architecture, which, in the case of a computer, arises from human engineering efforts through a combination of hardware implementation and software abstraction. Using the computer as a reference system, a simplistic mapping of the architectural components between the two is easily detected. This comparison also reveals that a cell abolishes the software-hardware barrier through genomic encoding for the constituents of the biochemical network, a cell's "hardware" equivalent to the computer central processing unit (CPU). The information loading (gene expression) process acts as a major determinant of the encoded constituent's abundance, which, in turn, often determines the "bandwidth" of a biochemical pathway. Cellular processes are implemented in biochemical pathways in parallel manners. In a computer, on the other hand, the software provides only instructions and data for the CPU. A process represents just sequentially ordered actions by the CPU and only virtual parallelism can be implemented through CPU time-sharing. Whereas process management in a computer may simply mean job scheduling, coordinating pathway bandwidth through the gene expression machinery represents a major process management scheme in a cell. In summary, a cell can be viewed as a super-parallel computer, which computes through controlled hardware composition. While we have, at best, a very fragmented understanding of cellular operation, we have a thorough understanding of the computer throughout the engineering process. The potential utilization of this knowledge to the benefit of systems biology is discussed.

Engineering dynamic real-time distributed systems: architecture, system description language, and middleware

The paper presents an architectural framework and algorithms for engineering dynamic real-time distributed systems using commercial off-the-shelf technologies. In the proposed architecture, a real-time system application is developed in a general-purpose programming language. Further, the architectural-level description of the system such as composition and interconnections of application software and hardware, and the operational requirements of the system such as timeliness and survivability are specified in a system description language. The specification of the system is automatically translated into an intermediate representation (IR) that models the system in a platform-independent manner. The IR is augmented with dynamic measurements of the system by a language runtime system to produce a dynamic system model. The dynamic model is used by resource management middleware strategies to perform resource management that achieves timeliness and survivability requirements. We present two classes of algorithms: predictive and availability-based, for performing resource allocation. To validate the viability of the approach, we use a real-time benchmark application that functionally approximates dynamic real-time command and control systems. The benchmark results illustrate that the middleware is able to achieve the desired timeliness requirements during a number of load situations. Furthermore, availability-based allocation algorithms perform resource allocation less frequently, whereas predictive algorithms give a better steady state performance for the application.

Training, simulation, restoration expert system for power grid

The paper introduces some technology for training, simulation, restoration expert system of power grid, the structure of the system including function composition, hardware and software composition are discussed, knowledge representation and the method to establish device graphical library for expert system are given, the fault setting and diagnosis for training and simulation as well as restoration technology with deep first searching arithmetic and heuristic inference are presented. The research provides a good base for developing the training, simulation, restoration system of power companies.

Designing Run-Time Reconfigurable Systems with JHDL

Run-time reconfigurable (RTR) systems are FPGA-based systems that reconfigure FPGAs during execution to alter hardware organization and composition to meet the varying needs of applications as they execute. These systems are difficult to describe with conventional tools (schematic capture, VHDL synthesis, etc.) because most tools assume that the underlying hardware organization is static. JHDL is a Java-based design environment capable of describing, netlisting, simulating and executing complex, dynamic RTR systems. Using conventional Java syntax, users describe hardware structures as objectss as these hardware-object constructors are invoked, JHDL automatically configures hardware circuits onto FPGA hardware, thus directly supporting the dynamic nature of RTR systems with standard language constructs. JHDL also supports codesign of the software and hardware parts of the systems in other words, the entire application can be described in a single piece of Java code that can be co-simulated/co-executed with the FPGA hardware. To date, RTR design with JHDL has focused on the development of automated target recognition (ATR) systems, and working systems described in JHDL have been demonstrated.

A Kind of MM-Wave TV Translating System

This article presents a kind of MM-wave TV translating system, describes the hardware composition and operating characteristics of the system. The adjustment and test of this system have been completed successfully and the system will be formally used soon.

The Automatical Slotted-Line System Controlled with Micro-Computer IBM 80486

This paper reports an automatical slotted-lin system which has been developed by us. This system is controlled with IBM-PC 80486. Its software is designed with C Language. It can performs a variety of measurements such as high, medium and low SWR measurement, signal source SWR, attenuation, phase shift, scattering coefficient of two port network and dielectric constant measurement etc. rapily, exately and conveniently. In this paper, the hardware composition and software design are described. A series of typical measurement results of SWR at 30MM wave-band are given. This method is adaptable for MM-Wave band and other Micro-wave band.

CT scans through metal scanning technique versus hardware composition

Objective: Streak artifact on CT scans of metal containing areas has been a long standing problem. Although several artifact reducing methods have been used to improve image quality, most have been limited by requiring specialized equipment or lengthy complex calculations that are not automated. Others have shown that increasing the beam energy results in increased thickness of metal that may be imaged by CT without severe image degradation. We have studied the image quality of bone surrounding metal both with titanium and cobalt-chrome prostheses using various scanning techniques. Methods: In a double blind fashion, 28 radiology residents and attendings were surveyed as to the best technique for imaging bone detail surrounding metal. A series of images was arranged of an implanted titanium prosthesis, a cobalt-chrome prosthesis and a pelvis repaired with stainless steel pelvic reconstruction plates. Scans were performed using three techniques: 120 kVp, 170 mA, 2 s, 360° rotation, 140 kVp,140 mA, 3 s, 360° rotation, 140 kVp, 140 mA, 4 s, 420° rotation. Results: Titanium was superior to cobalt-chrome ( p < .0001 Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test). No advantage was noted for higher kVp or increased scan arc of 420° compared to the standard 360°. Conclusion: Titanium allows improved bone detail surround the metal than CT cobalt-chrome. We have found no advantage to using either high kVp or a 420° scan are to improve the image quality of bone surrounded by metal.

Vehicle License Number Recognition System for Measuring Travel Time

A vehicle license number recognition system for measuring travel time has been developed. This is a vehicle license number recognition system by applying image processing. A series of four-digit numbers are transmitted to the center. With the recognition results being matched at the center, the system is capable of directly measuring travel time which is an important parameter for the operation of the road traffic surveillance and control system. This paper will discuss (1) a hardware composition for solving problems associated with the imaging processing to be done outdoors and problems such as processing speed, etc.; (2) the method of extracting each letter by extracting license plate region from complicated images, and the letter recognition system based on peripheral-pattern matching; and (3) experiments for evaluation in the field. As a result of experiments for evaluation, the processing time is within a second, and the recognition rate for all moving vehicles has been as high as over 85% at day time and night time.