Composition Of Cow Research Articles

Adoption of Artificial Insemination Among Large Ruminants in Arid Western Rajasthan, India

This study estimated the adoption rate of Artificial Insemination (AI) among large ruminants based on primary data collected from 200 farm households in Jodhpur district from 2019 to 2022. The composition of cow and buffalo population was 74 and 26 per cent in the study villages. 56 per cent farmers in cows and 13 per cent in buffaloes adopted AI with a success rate of conception after first insemination of 31 per cent in cows and 22 per cent in buffaloes. AI cost ranged from Rs. 400-800/- and Rs. 500-1000/- per insemination in cows and buffaloes respectively. Breeding cost through pedigreed bull was comparable to insemination in both cows and buffaloes. Subsistence mode of livestock rearing and natural grazing on community pastures were the main reasons for low adoption rate of AI. Farmers ensured that their buffaloes were sired only through pedigreed bulls. Since, pedigreed bulls were not available in all villages, their availability in villages or at the selected farmers on payment basis is required for genetic improvement of cattle.

Selection of Cow Dung for the Agnihotra Yajnya

Agnihotra is a traditional domestic solemnity, performed to maintain harmony between living beings and nature, without harming and by giving respect. Agnihotra, the simplest forms of Yajnya performed at sunset/ sunrise in which cow dung is burned in the copper pot by using cow ghee and brown rice as oblations along with chanting of mantras of sun and fire. Dung of cow is a major component used in Agnihotra process. Composition of cow’s dung varies according to the cow breed, cow metabolism, cow feed, etc. and hence selection of cow species for the dung is important. The sun dried dung of various 43 registered Indian cow (Bos taurus indicus) breeds were screened based on the extent of different products viz., O2, CO2, CO, H2O, N2, SOx, NOx, PM, and ash produced after burning. The results showed that the dung of Gir cow’s breed is most suitable for Agnihotra as compared to other Indian cow breeds.

Composition of Cow’s Milk Proteins with Processing

乳加工食品中のタンパク質の組成はその加工工程によって変化することが考えられる．本研究では乳加工食品であるヨーグルトおよびチーズのタンパク質の組成について解析した．

Curative Effects of Camel Milk on the Dimethoate Harmful In Energy and Cytochrome-C System in Treated Rats

Dimethoate (technical and formulated) sublethal doses (1/20 of LD50) were ingested into male albino rats. The intoxicated rats were treated with cow and camel milk as an antitoxic diet to reduce the harmful of the pesticide (both forms). Energy compounds (ATP, ADP and AMP) as well as myokinase activity and also the respiratory system included cytochrome-c, Cytochrome-c-oxidase and succinate-cytochrome-c-reductase were studied in brain, liver and kidneys tissues of adult male albino rats during the experimental period of 3 months. LD50 of the technical and formulated dimethoate as well as the composition of cow and camel milks, were determined. ATP content of the three organs tissue was elevated, but the contents of ADP and AMP were reduced either by technical and formulated dimethoate effects relative to those of the normal healthy control. On the other hands, the effects of technical and formulated dimethoate on mitochondrial cytochrome-c contents and activity of Cytochrome-c-oxidase and succinate-cytochrome-c-reductase was studied. Cytochrome-c contents showed considerable decreases, but the activities of both enzymes of the mitochondrial respiratory system (cytochrome-c contents and Cytochrome-c-oxidase) were stimulated in liver, kidneys and brain tissues. In general, the formulated dimethoate ingestions were more toxic than the technical pesticide ingestions relative to those of normal healthy control. The treatment with Cow and camel milk as antioxidant agents observed antagonistic influence against the harmful of the present pesticide. The milk treatments attenuated the dimethoate toxicity and improved the organophosphorus pesticide disturbance in the present studied parameter. For energy system (ATP, ADP and AMP and also myokinase activity) as well as the respiratory system of cytochrome-c (cytochrome-c level, with cytochrome-c-oxidase and cytochrome-c-reductase activities) were about normalized nearly around of those values in brain, liver and kidneys tissues of the normal control. The desirable treatments of camel milk were more than those of cow milk treatments against the harmful of the technical and formulated dimethoate. In conclusion, the present investigation found that camel milk possesses a potential antitoxic effect and higher than those obtained by cow milk, these may be due to the presence of many beneficial agents. The therapeutic efficacy of camel milk has rather explained by lack of coagulation in an acidic condition of the animal stomach

The effect of nutrition and the seasons of the year on the composition of cow's milk in two different areas of the province of Mosul

The effect of nutrition and the seasons of the year on the composition of cow's milk in two different areas of the province of Mosul

<b>Gir and Guzerat cow milk production and composition according to lactation stage, somatic cell count, physiological state and body condition

ABSTRACT. This work was realized to evaluate lactation stage, physiological state, somatic cell count (SCC) and body condition score (BCS) on production and composition of cow's milk from Gir and Guzerat breeds were studied. Ninety-eight cows were analyzed and classified according to their physiological state, lactation stage, SCC and BCS. Milk production was weighed monthly to obtain production data. Composed samples were collected in vials containing preservatives and sent to the laboratory for analysis. Data were used for statistic descriptive analysis and analysis of variance. Higher milk production in the first 60 days of lactation was observed. Fat, protein and total solids concentration increased according to the increase of days in milk; while lactose concentration decreased. Higher levels of fat, protein and total solids in milk of non-pregnant cows were observed; while pregnant cows had higher daily production and higher lactose content in their milk. Higher lactose levels in milk were observed in animals with lower SCC. The BCS had no effect on milk composition or on somatic cell count. Zebu cow milk production and composition are influenced by lactation stage, physiological state and SCC.

Changes in the isoflavone concentration in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) during ensiling and storage in laboratory-scale silos

Isoflavones constitute one of the most common categories of nonsteroidal estrogen-like substances belonging to the broad group of phytoestrogens. The highest concentrations in the plant kingdom are found in the Fabaceae family. They have become a focus of research because of their estrogenic or anti-estrogenic effect and potential impact on human health. In recent years, several studies have focused on the impact of biotic and abiotic factors and farming management on the isoflavone concentration in plants and their impact on the composition of cow’s milk. Nevertheless, knowledge about the effect of the ensiling process on isoflavone concentration remains limited. The objective of this work was to study the evolution of the concentrations of four compounds (daidzein, formononetin, genistein and biochanin A) in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) ensiled at harvest. The impact of the field-drying process was also assessed. The plant material was ensiled in laboratory‐scale silos using vacuum-packed plastic bags and stored over a 6-month period. The quality of the silages was checked throughout the experiment by determining the pH, lactic acid concentration, volatile fatty acids, crude proteins, cellulose and other chemical characteristics. The isoflavone concentration in fresh plant material was 2050, 1766, 306 and 127μg/g DM for formononetin, biochanin A, genistein and daidzein, respectively. After 4days of drying in the field, no significant change in isoflavone concentration was found, except for daidzein, which increased twofold. The laboratory-scale silos experiment, however, showed a decrease in isoflavone concentration during the first 2 weeks, followed by stabilization over the 5 remaining months. The concentrations fell by 26, 39, 66 and 73% for daidzein, genistein, biochanin A and formononetin, respectively. Animals fed with silage would therefore absorb fewer isoflavones than those fed with fresh plant material or hay.

유기농 우유와 일반 우유의 성분에 영향을 주는 다양한 요인 평가: 총설

유기농 우유와 일반 우유의 성분에 영향을 주는 다양한 요인 평가: 총설

Possibility of oil seeds in feeding dairy cows

The efforts to modify the fatty acid composition of milk have intensified with health conscious nutrition coming to the forefront.This experiment of ours was designed to investigate to what extent the natural-based feed additives, such as oilseeds, can influence the fatty acid composition of cow’s milk.Further information was gained about feeding of oilseeds in specific amounts to be fitted into the technology of a large-scale dairy farm in practice. The feed supplements were whole, untreated rapeseed and whole, untreated linseed, as part of a total mixed ration. In case of saturated fatty acids when supplementing with whole rapeseed the most significant change was observable in the concentration of the caprylic acid, capric acid, undecylic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, stearic acid. In case of unsaturated fatty acids the quantity of oleic acid enhanced considerably. When observating the feeding with whole linseed the concentration of many saturated fatty acids lowered (caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid). The quantity of some unsaturated fatty acids was showing a distinct rise after feeding with linseed, this way the oleic acid, α-linolenic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, eicosadienoic acid. The aim of the study was to produce food which meets the changed demands of customers, as well.

Role of complexation in forming composition of Co-W coatings electrodeposited from gluconate electrolyte

The purpose of the given research has been to specify the route of formation of Co-W coatings. To this end, the gel-chromatographic separation of gluconate electrolyte has been used, as well as the photo-colorimetric determination of the composition of the separation products, and the evaluation of the electro-chemical activity of these complexes in the pH range of 4.0 to 8.0. As a result, it has been found out that the composition of the Co-W coatings thus formed is defined by the relation of the rates of the reduction of those heterometallic complexes (with the Co-W ratio 1: 1) and Co complexes in solution, as well as the reaction of hydrogen reduction, dependent on both the electrolyte pH and hydrodynamic conditions.

Effects of calf separation and injection of oxytocin on milk performance and milk composition of the Polish Red cows

Abstract. The aim of this study was to analyse the yield and composition of milk from Polish Red cattle after 12-hour isolation of calves. Sixty six Polish Red cows were kept together with calves. Control milkings were carried out once a month after 12-hour isolation of calves. Five subsequent milkings after calving were taken under consideration. In the season (May–July 2012) oxytocin (OXT, 1 ml, 3 min before control milking) was injected. The milk of cows milked mechanically after 12-hour isolation of calves was characterized by a very low fat content (0.47–0.58 %) depending on the month after calving. There were no differences in protein and lactose content compared to the standard composition of cow’s milk. The milk yield was 6.16 kg in the first milking after calving and 3.55–4.01 kg in the four further milkings. After administration of OXT a significant increase of milk was observed in the first (12.9 kg) and subsequent months of lactation (8.5–12.4 kg). Milk fat content was significantly higher (4.14 % in the first and 3.39–3.86 % in the further milkings).

Establishment of micromethods for macronutrient contents analysis in breast milk

Commercially available milk analysers were originally developed for use in the dairy industry, but they are now used to analyse macronutrient content of breast milk in clinical studies and routine care of the premature or very low birthweight (VLBW) infants. Due to the different composition of cow and breast milk, these devices need to be validated against reference methods before they can be used in daily routine. However, current reference methods require a sample volume of 30-100 mL to analyse fat, protein and lactose. It is not feasible to obtain this volume of milk for research purposes, especially from VLBW infants as lactation may be delayed or impaired and the limited volume of breast milk must be provided to the infant. To support validation of milk analysers in both clinical and research settings, the aim of this study is to establish and validate micromethods for precise macronutrient analysis in small volume of breast milk and conduct a feasibility study of the micromethods as a post-validation. Methods include a modified Mojonnier ether extraction (fat), elemental analysis (protein) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lactose). We were able to downsize volumes required for analysis of fat, protein and lactose to 1 mL, 260 μL and 100 μL; corresponding coefficients of variation are 1.7, 1.8 and 2.3%, respectively. The presented methods allow for reliable and precise analyses of macronutrients in ≤1.5 mL of breast milk and will be used to validate milk analysers.

Quality of Chicken Manure as Cattle Feed and its Effect on Composition of Cow’s Milk and Blood Serum in a Dry Tropical Pastoral System

Quality of Chicken Manure as Cattle Feed and its Effect on Composition of Cow’s Milk and Blood Serum in a Dry Tropical Pastoral System

Relationship between fat globule size and chemical and fatty acid composition of cow’s milk in mid lactation

The milk of 57 Italian Friesian cows in mid lactation was analysed in order to define the relationship between some qualitative milk parameters and the size of milk fat globules. The study focused on the morphometric evaluation of milk fat globules, chemical parameters and fatty acid composition of the milk. The results show that a prevalence of milk fat globules with a diameter < 6 |im is positively correlated (P< 0.01) with the percentage of dry matter and lipids, whereas the greater presence of globules with a diameter > 6nm was associated (P< 0.01) with greater milk yield and a higher percentage of lactose, non-fat dry matter and ash. Regarding fatty acid composition, milk samples with a higher percentage of globules smaller than 6 nm in diameter contain more unsaturated fatty acids (P< 0.01), in particular C18:l, C18:2 and total CLA, while higher percentages of the larger fat globules indicated a prevalence of saturated fatty acids (P< 0.01). Based on these results, a diameter of 6 urn in fat globules may be considered a "threshold value" for the definition of various qualitative traits of cow's milk.<

Effect of caustic-treated linseed on the composition of cow's milk

In ruminant diets, whole oilseeds are potential sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which, because they are protected by the intact seed pericarp, may escape rumen biohydrogenation (Murphy et. al., 1990). Some seed coats are highly resistant to microbial and enzymic digestion and seed lipids may therefore be poorly degraded. Mild chemical treatment of oilseeds with sodium hydroxide has been suggested as a way to allow only limited ruminal lipid digestion but more extensive intestinal digestion of seed lipids (Aldrich et. al., 1997). Such treatments may allow the manipulation of milk composition by strategic use of selected oilseeds. Linseed is rich in C18:3n-3, an essential component of a healthy human diet which is normally only present at low levels in cows milk. This study evaluated the effect of inclusion of caustic-treated linseed in dairy cow rations on the protein, fat and fatty acid composition of milk

Effect of caustic-treated linseed on the composition of cow's milk

In ruminant diets, whole oilseeds are potential sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which, because they are protected by the intact seed pericarp, may escape rumen biohydrogenation (Murphy et. al., 1990). Some seed coats are highly resistant to microbial and enzymic digestion and seed lipids may therefore be poorly degraded. Mild chemical treatment of oilseeds with sodium hydroxide has been suggested as a way to allow only limited ruminal lipid digestion but more extensive intestinal digestion of seed lipids (Aldrich et. al., 1997). Such treatments may allow the manipulation of milk composition by strategic use of selected oilseeds. Linseed is rich in C18:3n-3, an essential component of a healthy human diet which is normally only present at low levels in cows milk. This study evaluated the effect of inclusion of caustic-treated linseed in dairy cow rations on the protein, fat and fatty acid composition of milk

Comment on the Composition of Cow's Milk Based Follow‐up Formulas ESPGAN COMMITTEE ON NUTRITION:

Comment on the Composition of Cow's Milk Based Follow‐up Formulas ESPGAN COMMITTEE ON NUTRITION:

Effect of inclusion of different forms of dietary fatty acid on the yield and composition of cow's milk.

In addition to a control diet, lactating cows were offered saturated fatty acid mixtures in three forms, free acids, free triglycerides and protected triglycerides, i.e. triglyceride encapsulated within a protein matrix which was cross linked by exposure to formaldehyde. Relative to the control diet, all three supplements increased milk yield. However, only the free fatty acids gave rise to increased yields of the three major milk components. The free fat and the protected fat caused significant increases only in the lactose yield. The different effects of the supplements on the yield of milk fat are suggested to be due to the types of long chain acid reaching the mammary gland rather than to any change in rumen activity. Changes in the concentrations of the soluble multivalent ionic constituents of the milks were consistent with this conclusion.

Effect of staphylococcal contamination of the bovine udder on milk yield.

Abstract Extract Reduction of milk yield from cows with clinical mastitis has been recorded by a number of workers (Shaw and Beam, 1935 Shaw, A. O. and Beam, A. L. 1935. The effect of mastitis upon milk production. J. Dairy Sci., 18: 353–357. [Google Scholar]; Rowland and Zein-El-Dine, 1938 Rowland, S. J. and Zein-El-Dine, M. 1938. The effect of subclinical mastitis on the solids-not-fat content of milk. J. Dairy Res., 9: 182–184. [Google Scholar]; McDowall, 1945 McDowell, F. H. 1945. Studies on the detection of mastitis in New Zealand dairy herds. V. Composition of milk from quarters reacting to the bromthymol blue test for mastitis. N.Z. Jl Sci. Tech., 27 A: 258–269. [Google Scholar]; King, 1967 King, J. O. L. 1967. The effect of mastitis on the yield and composition of heifer's milk. Vet. Rec., 80: 139–141. [Google Scholar]). In addition, the experimental infusion of cultures of Staphylococcus pyogenes into the udders of dairy cows produced clinical mastitis and substantial reductions in milk yields (Wheelock et al, 1966 Wheelock, J. V., Rook, J. A. F., Neave, F. K. and Dodd, F. H. 1966. The effect of bacterial infection of the udder on the yield and composition of cow's milk. J. Dairy Res., 33: 199–215. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar])

The fatty acid composition of umbilical cord serum, infant serum and maternal serum and its relation to the diet

The fatty acid composition of 25 samples of breastmilk was analysed and compared with the fatty acid composition of cow's milk and two commercial milk products made from dried skimmed milk. In the breastmilk samples 7.1–16.0% of the total fatty acids consisted of linoleic acid, whereas the commercial products contained 7.1–7.2% (E) and 24.6–28.2% (S) linoleic acid (% of total fatty acids). The values found for cow's milk were 2.8–4.3%.