Al2O3 Composites Research Articles

Correction: Synthesis and structural characterizations of HAp–NaOH–Al2O3 composites for liquid petroleum gas sensing applications

Correction: Synthesis and structural characterizations of HAp–NaOH–Al2O3 composites for liquid petroleum gas sensing applications

Tribological characterization of functionally gradient composite (Cu–Fe–CeO2–Al2O3–Cg) for wind turbine brake pad

ABSTRACT Copper-based functionally gradient composite material is developed using powder metallurgy processing technique, as a potential wind turbine brake pad material. The developed composite has a gradient composition of Cu, CeO2, Al2O3, Fe, and Cg to enable joint strength at the interface (brake calliper) and wear resistance at the contact surface (brake disc). The article presents a comprehensive analysis on the microstructure, microhardness, and tribological performance of the developed composite. The wear mechanism is deduced through surface morphology, elemental composition, and phase composition analysis using field emission scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope, X-ray diffractometer, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope. A maximum hardness of 198.2 HV was obtained at the contact surface. Experimental values from tribology tests show that a decreasing trend was obtained with a wear rate of 2.013 × 10−7 g N-m−1 and a friction coefficient was 0.215.

Физико-механические свойства керамики на основе Si3N4 различной дисперсности с 3 масс. % Y2O3 – Al2O3

This article focuses on the process of producing ceramics based on the commercial Si3N4 powder of the various dispersions (< 5 μm and < 1 μm) by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The powder mixtures of 97 wt. % Si3N4 + 3 wt. % additives of the Y2O3 – Al2O3 composition were synthesized by the Pechini method. The SPS technology was used to obtain the ceramic samples of ∅ 20 mm. Sintering was carried out in a vacuum at the heating rate of 50 °C/min and the load of 70 MPa until the shrinkage end. The microstructure and the phase composition of the ceramic samples were investigated. Mechanical properties were measured: Vickers hardness, Palmquist fracture toughness, flexural strength according to the B3B (Ballon-Three-Balls-Test) method. Tribological tests were also carried out. It was established that the lower the dispersion of the powder mixtures based on Si3N4, the lower the shrinkage end temperature. The relative density achieved is 96 %. The ceramics based on Si3N4 powder with the dispersion of <1 µm are difficult to machine, characterized by the hardness of 19.0 ± 0.7 GPa and the crack resistance of 5.1 ± 0.4 MPa·m1/2. The flexural strength of the ceramics evaluated by the B3B method depends on the dispersion of Si3N4 powder and is more than 2 times higher for the ceramics based on the commercial Si3N4 powder with the dispersion of <1 μm.

Mechanical and corrosion properties of Mg–MgO and Mg–Al2O3 composites fabricated by equal channel angular extrusion method

Equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) has shown great potential for the consolidation of powdered materials. In the present article, the mechanical and corrosion properties of Mg–MgO and Mg–Al 2 O 3 composites produced by the ECAE method were studied. Pure magnesium reinforced with 0, 10, 20, and 30 ​vol percentages of MgO and Al 2 O 3 particles were hot consolidated at 600 ​MPa in an ECAE die without prior cold compaction or canning of the powders. Results indicated that the reinforcement content is directly proportional to the hardness, compressive strength, and corrosion resistance of the fabricated composites, while it has an inverse relationship with the relative density. The lowest relative density and the highest corrosion rate were obtained for the Mg+30%MgO composite samples, as opposed to the pure magnesium with the highest relative density and the lowest corrosion rate. Besides, composites reinforced with 30 and 20 ​vol percentages of alumina revealed the highest hardness and the highest compressive strength, which were 55% and 74% higher than that of the pure magnesium sample, respectively. Based on SEM and EDX analyses, it was shown that Mg–Al 2 O 3 samples had finer grain sizes compared to Mg–MgO composites. • ECAE was successfully implemented to fabricate Mg–MgO and Mg–Al 2 O 3 composites. • Hardness and strength are linearly related to the content of the reinforcements. • Mg–Al 2 O 3 showed remarkably higher strength and hardness compared to the Mg–MgO. • The corrosion rate of the Mg–Al 2 O 3 was lower than that of Mg–MgO.

Effect of Nanoalumina on Physical and Thermal Properties of Polypropylene-Glass Fiber Reinforced Nanocomposites

The present study examines the effect of nanoalumina on the mechanical and thermal properties of glass fiber and elastomer reinforced PP/EPDM/GF/Al2O3 with an aim to develop suitable composite material for orthotics. In present study, PP/GF, PP/EPDM/GF composite and PP/EPDM/GF/Al2O3 nanocomposites with specific composition were fabricated using melt-blending technique. Prepared composites were characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The mechanical characteristics including tensile strength, tensile modulus, notched Izod impact strength and elongation at break of the prepared composite were studied in accordance with ASTM guidelines. PP/EPDM/GF/Al2O3 composites showed the mechanical properties of PP/EPDM/GF/Al2O3 composites showed 62%, 145%, 15% and 165% enhancement in tensile strength, tensile modulus, notched Izod impact strength and elongation at break, respectively as compared to PP/GF composites. The mechanical properties and thermal properties of PP/EPDM/GF/Al2O3 were also compared with PP/EPDM/GF composites. The use of nanoalumina significantly and brilliantly balances the complimentary tensile and elongation properties in PP/EPDM/GF/Al2O3 composite, which is an essential requirement for fabricating composite material capable of being thermoformed to orthotic devices.

Низкотемпературное старение композитов системы Al2O3–[ZrYb]O2, включающих гексаалюминат стронция

The paper considers the effect of hydrothermal treatment, simulating a long stay in a biological environment, on the phase composition and bending strength of Al2O3 – [ZrYb]O2 composites containing a variable amount of Al2O3 and including strontium hexaaluminate. It has been shown that composites retain bending strength after hydrothermal action. This fact indicates the preservation of the phase composition in the volume of materials. It is determined that a monoclinic phase of zirconia is formed in the near-surface layer of the samples, the amount of which ranges from 11 to 9 %, correlating with the increase in the content of alumina in the composite. The formation of the monoclinic phase of zirconia in such an amount is well below the limit of 25 % specified in ISO 13356 2015 Implants for surgery — Ceramic materials based on yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP). The results obtained make it possible to recommend Al2O3 – [ZrYb]O2 composites containing strontium hexaaluminate for medical applications.

Influence of alumina and zinc oxide nanoparticles on microstructure and electro-mechanical properties of aluminum metal matrix composites fabricated by customized two-step stir casting method

The present paper reports the influence of Alumina (Al2O3) and Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on the microstructure and electro-mechanical properties of aluminum metal matrix composites (Al MMCs) fabricated by a customized two-step stir casting method. Two types of Al MMCs were developed, (i) Al MMC-01 having 97.5 wt. % of Al and 2.5 wt. % of Al2O3 and (ii) Al MMC-02 having 95 wt. % of Al, 2.5 wt. % of Al2O3 and 2.5 wt. % of ZnO. The microstructures of Al MMC-1 and Al MMC-2 observed in a Scanning electron microscope (SEM) have affirmed the uniform distribution of Al2O3 and ZnO in the metal matrix composites. It has been observed that the addition of 2.5% Al2O3 has improved the hardness, flexural strength, and impact toughness of Al composite significantly compared with pure Al. Furthermore, both bulk and micro hardness of Al MMC-02 have also increased significantly. However, impact strength, flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, and electrical conductivity of Al MMC-02 have been reduced by 12%, 52.5%, 60.8%, and 9.81% respectively in comparison with Al MMC-01 as it becomes brittle in nature for the presence of cleavage cracks, deep shear dimples, and crystallographic planes than that of Al MMC-01 as revealed by fractured surface analysis through SEM.

Synthesis and wear properties of near eutectic Al-Si-TiB2/Al2O3 hybrid composites

In metal matrix composites a metal/alloy is often combined with non-metallic/inter-metallic phases to produce a novel material possessing attractive engineering attributes of its own. AMCs or Aluminium matrix composites refer to the group of light weight, high performance, aluminium based material systems which are employed to meet the demand of automotive and aerospace sectors. The present study emphasises on casting of Al–11.8 wt% Si metal-matrix composites with the help of an exothermic reaction among the melt and halide salts (K2TiF6 and KBF4) to incorporate 2 and 3 wt% TiB2 in the base alloy matrix. Al2O3 particles (0.5, 1 and 2 wt%) were also mixed with these in-situ prepared composites to produce hybrid composites which were characterized using optical microscopy. Optical Emission Spectroscopy revealed some amount of silicon loss during casting. XRD analysis indicated the presence of Al2O3 and TiB2 in the cast composites. Hardness, density and dry sliding wear tests were carried out and analysed. The results of the present investigation revealed that the wear rate of the composites decreases when there is an increase in the TiB2 content but this behaviour is limited to 1 wt% reinforcement in case of Al2O3. Increasing load promoted wear rate. At higher sliding distances wear rate decreased though wear volume was more. Density values of the composites were found to increase with increasing amounts of reinforcements. Increasing Al2O3 up to 1 wt%, the hardness of the composites was found to increase. Further increase in Al2O3 to 2 wt% revealed lower hardness values of the composites due to agglomeration of the particles.

Microstructure mechanical behavior of Cu-Sn alloy reinforced with Al2o3 and Graphene metal matrix composite

In the present study, an effort has been made to examine the Microstructure and Wear characteristics of composites manufactured from Cu + 10 wt% Sn alloy as matrix and reinforced with Graphene Oxide (GO) and Alumina. Cu + 10 wt% Sn alloy hybrid composites is prepared reinforced with alumina (10 vol%) and altering weight percentage of Graphene oxide (0.25 wt%, 0.5 wt% and 1 wt%) by spark plasma sintering technique. Wear characteristics of developed composites is studied using Pin on Disc Wear Testing machine. Utilizing optical microscopy the microstructural investigation is conducted. The results revealed that (Cu + 10 wt% Sn alloy-10 vol% Al2O3-0.25 wt% GO) and (Cu + 10 wt% Sn alloy-10 vol% Al2O3 − 0.5% wt%) of hybrid nanocomposite showed an increase of 25 % in the hardness, a reduction of 25% in the wear rate for Cu + 10 wt% Sn alloy-10 vol% Al2O3-0.25 wt% GO and Cu + 10 wt% Sn alloy-10 vol% Al2O3 − 0.5% wt% GO of hybrid nanocomposite, and an increase trend wear rate is observed with increase in applied load and disc speed in dry pin on disc wear testing. The result also revealed the uniform reinforcement distribution in microstructure and more than 95 % densification of all composites with spark plasma sintering process.

The effect of microstructure and mechanical properties on sliding wear and cavitation erosion of plasma coatings sprayed from Al2O3 + 40 wt% TiO2 agglomerated powders

This paper discusses the influence of 40 wt% TiO2 addition to Al2O3 and the selection of plasma spray parameters on the morphology, microstructure, microhardness and adhesion of coatings. Mainly, the tribological behavior and cavitation erosion performance of produced coatings were evaluated. First, the two-factorial design of the experiment, with the stand-off distance and torch scan speed as variables, was used to plan coating deposition by means of atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). Then, a process response using a multiple regression method was used to investigate the influence of factors variation on coatings functional properties. Although these properties were already investigated in alumina-titania coatings, there are still some knowledge gaps. Particular attention was given to the composition of Al2O3 + 40 wt% TiO2, because, so far, it is the most rarely discussed in the literature in terms of, e.g., cavitation or wear resistance. Increasing the torch scan speed and decreasing the spraying distance densifies the microstructure and increases coating's mechanical properties. A dense and low porosity structure facilitates cavitation erosion resistance and minimizes friction coefficient. Cavitation erosion damage relies on brittle cracking initiated at coatings porosity. Therefore, coatings with decreasing porosity show layer-like removal contrary to uniform material removal stated for porous coatings. The sliding wear mechanism has been dominated by abrasive wear and fatigue cracking. Accumulated wear debris undergoes adhesive smearing and removal.

Design of spark plasma sintering parameters and preparation of Al2O3/TiB2/TiC micro–nano composite ceramic tool material

AbstractA microstructure evolution model for the ceramic materials was constructed, and the spark plasma sintering parameters were optimized using the model to shorten the designing period and reduce the consumption of the material. Based on the optimized sintering parameters, the ceramic tool material with a composition of Al2O3, TiB2, and TiC proved to be a success. It verified that the materials prepared under the optimized sintering parameters exhibited excellent mechanical properties. The results showed when sintered at 1600°C, under the pressure of 40 MPa and with the holding period of 7 min, the materials with 70% Al2O3, 20% TiB2, and 10% nano‐TiC possess the relatively best performance, with the hardness, fracture toughness, and flexure strength being 20.3 GPa, 10.5 MPa/m2, and 839.5 MPa, respectively.

Nano-additive manufacturing of multilevel strengthened aluminum matrix composites

Nanostructured materials are being actively developed, while it remains an open question how to rapidly scale them up to bulk engineering materials for broad industrial applications. This study propose an industrial approach to rapidly fabricate high-strength large-size nanostructured metal matrix composites and attempts to investigate and optimize the deposition process and strengthening mechanism. Here, advanced nanocrystalline aluminum matrix composites (nanoAMCs) were assembled for the first time by a novel nano-additive manufacturing method that was guided by numerical simulations (i.e. the in-flight particle model and the porefree deposition model). The present nanoAMC with a mean grain size <50 nm in matrix exhibited hardness eight times higher than the bulk aluminum and shows the highest hardness among all Al–Al2O3 composites reported to date in the literature, which are the outcome of controlling multiscale strengthening mechanisms from tailoring solution atoms, dislocations, grain boundaries, precipitates, and externally introduced reinforcing particles. The present high-throughput strategy and method can be extended to design and architect advanced coatings or bulk materials in a highly efficient (synthesizing a nanostructured bulk with dimensions of 50 × 20 × 4 mm3 in 9 min) and highly flexible (regulating the gradient microstructures in bulk) way, which is conducive to industrial production and application.

Evaluating the Performance of Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticle-Modified Asphalt Binder and Modelling the Viscoelastic Properties by Using Artificial Neural Networks and Support Vector Machines

The effect of aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3) on the 60/70 penetration of asphalt cement (AC) was investigated in terms of the physical and rheological characteristics by using the Superpave testing procedures. Al2O3 at 3, 5, and 7% concentrations were blended with 60/70 penetration of grade AC. Conventional testing procedures were adopted regarding the physical characteristics, while dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) testing procedures were conducted to evaluate the high and low temperature failure parameters. In addition, heuristic modelling techniques, artificial neural networks (ANN), and support vector machines (SVM) were employed to predict the performance characteristics of AC by using the mechanical testing conditions. The frequency sweep test and multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) test results revealed that the optimum composition of Al2O3 was at 5% concentration considering the high temperature performance characteristics since further addition of the Al2O3 resulted in degradation in the enhanced properties due to agglomeration of the nanoparticles in the blend. On the contrary, Al2O3 5% demonstrated the lowest viscoelastic behavior at intermediate temperatures. The higher complex modulus ( G ∗ ) and lower phase angle ( δ ) parameters indicated that the increase in stiffness due to the modification process was at the cost of losing elastic properties against fatigue cracking. Moreover, based on the statistical performance indicator, coefficient of determination (R2), it was observed that the ANN models for predicting G ∗ and δ achieved a prediction accuracy of 0.989 and 0.911 while SVM models were able to achieve 0.984 and 0.929, respectively, considering the training datasets. On the other hand, it was noted that SVM models outperformed the ANN models in terms of a smaller gap between the results obtained from the training and testing datasets. The difference between the training and testing datasets for G ∗ and δ parameters for the SVM models were 3.2% and 6.8% while for the ANN models, the differences were 11.6% and 9.5%, respectively, indicating that the ANN models were more prone to the overfitting phenomenon.

Effect of MgO on crystallization behavior of MnO–SiO2–Al2O3 based inclusions in tire cord steel

Increasingly MgO content in refining slag and molten steel is the major cause of corrosion of refractory materials at slag line during the refining process of Si–Mn deoxidized tire cord steel, the effects on the crystallization behavior of typical MnO–SiO2–Al2O3 based inclusions in tire cord steel were studied. The relation between the formation of high melting point and high hardness inclusions (Al2O3, 3Al2O3·2SiO2, MgO·Al2O3 and 2MgO·SiO2) with MnO–SiO2–Al2O3-(0wt.%, 4wt.%, 8wt.%, 12wt.%, 16wt.%) MgO system was verified by ICP, XRD, SEM-EDS and FactSage 8.0. The results indicated that the crystallization temperature of MnO–SiO2–Al2O3 system increases with the increase of MgO content. MgxMn(2-x)SiO4(1 ≤ x < 2) solid solution is the main crystalline phase due to isomorphism. Only a small amount of 2MgO·SiO2 which is not enough to cause wire breakage was formed in the trial with the highest MgO content (16wt.%) after the low melting point MnO–SiO2–Al2O3 composition added different MgO content and the other three kinds of inclusions were not produced in the five trials.

PREPARATION OF A METAL-CERAMIC COMPOSITE BASED ON ALUMINUM OXIDE BY INTERNAL OXIDATION

The possibilities of obtaining metal-ceramic materials of the composition Al2O3–Al by liquid-phase oxidation of aluminum by purging the melt with oxygen are considered. The manufacturability of this process makes it possible to avoid the use of powder materials, which leads to a large variability in the formation of the phase components of the materials obtained and a reduction in the cost of their production in comparison with powder metallurgy methods. It is established that by regulating the oxidation process by changing the speed and supply of the gas mixture, it is possible to obtain metal-ceramic composites with different geometric configurations of the ceramic phase and its quantity. An algorithm is proposed for calculating the kinetics of aluminum oxidation during the production of the ceramic phase of a metal-ceramic composite, taking into account the peculiarities of the thermophysical process.

Chemical characteristic of Fly ash and Bottom ash as potential source for synthesis of Aluminosilicate-based materials

The world's population has reached 7 billion or doubled from the previous half-century and continues to increase every year. This increase in population is directly proportional to the increase in electrical energy consumption. Electricity needs in Indonesia are mostly met by Steam Power Plants. Unfortunately, the use of coal as an energy source in Steam Power Plants can cause environmental pollution, namely the waste generated by fly ash and bottom ash. However, even though it is classified as hazardous materials, silica (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3) content in the waste are high enough so that it can be used for the synthesis of aluminosilicate-based materials. The ash waste in this study was obtained from the Steam Power Plant in Kapuas Regency, Central Kalimantan Province which was tested according to the ASTM D93-10 standard. The composition of SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, and CaO in fly ash was 56.44; 31.31; 0.51; 0.78%. The compositions of SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 and CaO in the bottom ash were 66.66; 17.09; 0.31; 5.40%. Based on its composition, fly ash and bottom ash are classified as type F ash. In addition, fly ash and bottom ash have SiO2/Al2O3 ratios of 3.90 and 1.80, respectively. It can be concluded that fly ash and bottom ash has the potential to be used as basic materials for the manufacture of aluminosilicate-based materials such as geopolymers, zeolites, and others.

Tribo-Oxidation and Tribological Behavior of TaC–20%SiC Composites at Elevated Temperatures

Abstract Tribo-oxidation mechanism and tribological behavior of TaC–20 vol%SiC composites from 25 to 800 °C coupled with aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and cemented carbide (WC–Co) were investigated. Tribo-oxidation products on the worn surface were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that as temperature increased from 25 °C to 800 °C, the specific wear-rates (WRs) of the composites decreased from 10−3 mm3N−1m−1 to 10−4 mm3N−1m−1 when coupled with Al2O3, while the WRs increased from 10−6 mm3N−1m−1 to 10−3 mm3N−1m−1 continuously when coupled with WC–Co. At 25 °C, TaC in the composite was partially oxidized into TaO2 as coupled with the two dualities. At 400 °C, the TaC in composite was oxidized into Ta2O5, while SiC was oxidized into SiCOx as coupled with Al2O3, while they were oxidized into Ta2O5 and SiO2−x as coupled with WC–Co. At 800 °C, the composites were oxidized into Ta2O5, SiCOx, and SiO2−x as coupled with the two dualities. The segregation of Ta compounds on the surface was promoted by friction. For the composites–Al2O3 tribo-pair, the wear mechanism changed from abrasion and adhesion at low temperature, to abrasion, adhesion, and tribochemical reaction (oxidation) at medium temperature, and adhesion and tribochemical reaction at high temperature. For composites–WC–Co tribo-pair, the wear mechanism was adhesion and tribochemical reaction in the whole temperature range.

Microstructure and phase transformation behavior of Al2O3–ZrO2 under microwave sintering

Zirconia is an inorganic, nonmetallic material with excellent properties. However, the brittleness of the zirconia, resulting from the thermal performance during the heating and cooling process, seriously limits the application of zirconia in the metallurgical, military, and aerospace industries. Al2O3 doped ZrO2 was developed to improve the potential material's toughness. This paper studied the evolution of the surface functional groups, phase composition, toughening mechanism, and particle morphology of Al2O3 doped ZrO2 during the heating process. Especially microwave heating was selected as the heating method during the experiments to save energy consumption. The results showed that the phase transition temperature was reduced by the microwave sintering technique, which also promoted the transformation between the m-ZrO2 and t-ZrO2, advancing the crystallinity and structural properties of the samples. The specific surface area shows a positive relationship with the microwave heating temperature, while the particle size of the powder decreased with the temperature increase. The optimized sintering effect appears at 1000 °C in the studied roasting temperature range (800 °C–1200 °C) for Al2O3–ZrO2 powders. With the optimized sintering temperature, the void of the granular zirconia material was controlled, and the best micromorphology was obtained. In practical production, the application of microwave sintering and alumina doping is beneficial to saving costs and protecting the environment.

Phase composition design of high performance Al2O3-YAG: Ce ceramic phosphors for high-power laser lighting

The combination of laser diode (LD) chip and Al2O3-YAG: Ce composite ceramic phosphor is considered as one of the best solutions for high-power laser lighting. However, in previous studies on Al2O3-YAG: Ce composite ceramics, the effects of large-scale compositional changes on their luminous properties were rarely noticed, which hinders the understanding of the relationship between ceramic phase composition and the comprehensive properties of white LDs. In this paper, we prepared Al2O3-YAG: Ce composite ceramic phosphors with Ce3+ and Al2O3 concentrations varying widely in the range of 0.5–5 at% and 0–90 at%, respectively. An impurity phase was found in samples with high Ce3+-Al2O3 concentration by SEM images and verified to be CeAl11O18 by XRD patterns. Under high power density laser (2.3–10 W/mm2) excitation, the Ce3+ concentrations corresponding to the highest luminous efficiency of the ceramic increase from 0.5 at% to 3 at% with the introduction of Al2O3. The temperature quenching effect of ceramics is also alleviated. The CRI of ceramics first decreases and then increases with the increase of Al2O3 concentration, and the CRI of 90 at% Al2O3 samples is the highest (75.9). The results show that the introduction of Al2O3 can improve the performance of ceramics from all aspects as long as the optimal composition of Al2O3- YAG: Ce composite ceramics is selected.

Fabrication of Al-Ni-Al2O3 metal matrix composite coating on AA1100 wrought aluminium alloy by Gas Tungsten Arc (GTA) coating technique

The present paper describes about the Al-Ni-Al2O3 composite coating, which was developed on AA1100 aluminium alloy by gas tungsten arc (GTA) cladding method. The coating was developed by use of different composition of Al, Ni and Al2O3 mixed powders. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive x-ray (EDS) and x-ray diffractometry (XRD) were used to examine the microstructure and phase formation of the coating. Vickers microhardness and dry sliding wear test were used to study the mechanical and tribological properties of the coated layer under various normal loading conditions. It was observed that the increase in percentage composition of Al2O3 improved the metallurgical and mechanical properties of the coated layer. It was found that due to the development of Al2O3 reinforced intermetallic matrix composite the hardness and wear resistance of coated layer increased as compare to the AA11000 aluminium alloy substrate. It was also found that due to these phases the coefficient of friction of coated layer was lower than the substrate and the wear resistance of coated layer was higher than that of the substrate. The maximum hardness of coated layer was found to be nearly 26 times higher than that of the AA1100 aluminium alloy substrate. Also, the wear resistance of coated layer was nearly five to eight times higher than that of the AA1100 aluminium alloy substrate.