Composition Of Oil Research Articles

Association of soil bacterial diversity and composition with Fusarium wilt disease of bananas in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia

Abstract. Kurniasari I, Wibowo A, Subandiyah S, Pattison AB. 2024. Association of soil bacterial diversity and composition with Fusarium wilt disease of bananas in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2264-2275. Infection of banana plants with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (Foc-TR4) leads to a cascade of changes in the rhizosphere, resulting in changes to the soil physicochemical properties and bacterial community composition. This study aimed to determine the core taxa associated with different soil physicochemical properties and disease statuses and to identify the factors exerting the greatest influence on the soil bacterial community composition of bananas in Special Region of Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. Rhizospheric soil from healthy and infected plants was collected from four banana locations, including Kulon Progo, Gunungkidul, Bantul, and Sleman districts, at 10-30 cm depth between May and September 2021. Laboratory analysis was conducted for soil physicochemical properties, and the abundance of Foc-TR4 was undertaken. Additionally, 16S rRNA gene-based metagenomics analysis was used to quantify bacterial diversity in all samples. Soil type significantly influenced the abundance and composition of the bacterial community more than disease status did. Contrarily, disease status groups influenced the complexity of bacterial network interaction more than soil type. Actinobacteriota, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteriota, and Bacteriodota are the major phyla associated with all soils. This study identified 60 bacterial genera as core members of the banana rhizosphere. These core bacterial genera include various plant growth-promoting bacteria involved in nitrogen fixation, phytohormone production, siderophore production, and biocontrol mechanisms for producing antifungal compounds. Our work provides a basis for future research on the soil bacterial composition associated with banana plants to enhance plant health against Fusarium wilt disease.

The Effectiveness of Eugenia Oleina in Protecting Tropical Residual Slope from Excessive Shear Failure

Introduction Slope stability and soil erosion are major concerns in geotechnical engineering and land management. This research investigates the relationship between soil type and root systems in stabilizing slopes. Methods The main aim is to measure the effectiveness of Eugenia Oleina as a bioengineering technique for slope protection. Laboratory tests were conducted to measure soil shear strength, root properties, and the factor of safety (FOS) of tropical slopes before and after plant root implementation. Results Results revealed significant differences in cohesion and angle of friction values between unrooted and rooted soil. Apart from that, it was observed that as the root diameter increased, the tensile strength decreased when the applied force increased. The FOS of unrooted soil was higher than rooted soil, indicating greater stability without any vegetation. Furthermore, this study also evaluated the use of bio-anchorage to prevent soil erosion, considering factors such as soil composition, vegetation, and external loads. Finite element analysis was carried out using Plaxis 3D simulations to assess the effectiveness of Eugenia Oleina in controlling slope erosion. Conclusion This study contributes valuable insights in choosing suitable plant species for erosion control in tropical soil and guides soil bioengineering practices for slope stability in various soil conditions.

Response of ectomycorrhizal fungi to full and selective removal of an invasive tree in riparian woodland

The Brazilian pepper tree (Schinus terebinthifolius) is an invasive species that requires significant disturbance to eradicate. Previous studies have identified associations between the Brazilian pepper tree and ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF). However, limited research has explored the connection between disturbance from removal and the effect on EMF. This study investigated the sensitivity of EMF and the broader fungal community to the full and selective removal of the Brazilian pepper tree. During the selective removal of Brazilian pepper tree, we examined the mycorrhizal community of the Arroyo willow (Salix lasiolepis) to assess the influence of the restoration disturbance on native species. We used ITS2 sequencing to identify the EMF present during the restoration. Our expectation was that both removal efforts would reduce the presence of EMF. Contrary to our predictions, full removal increased EMF richness and relative abundance in the soil. As anticipated, selective removal reduced the richness and relative abundance of EMF associated with soil. Selective removal led to a decrease in the richness of EMF in arroyo willow roots with no effect on relative abundance. Moreover, fungal community composition in soil and roots shifted significantly during selective and full removal. However, the community composition of EMF, specifically, remained constant across treatment types. During full removal efforts, the application of organic soil amendments may have contributed to the increase in the diversity and relative abundance of EMF. Selective removal will require additional measures, such as soil amendments, to curtail the loss of EMF.

Investigating the synergistic anti-aging effects of Sasobit and recycled engine oil in styrene-butadiene rubber modified asphalt

During the preparation of asphalt mixtures, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) polymers are susceptible to thermal decomposition, which can significantly impair the binder’s low-temperature performance. This study explores the potential of combining warming agents with waste materials to enhance the low-temperature properties and aging resistance of the binder. Specifically, it examines the synergistic impact of Sasobit/recycled engine oil (Sasobit/REO) composites on the rheological and physical attributes of styrene-butadiene rubber asphalt binder (SBRAB). Utilizing fluorescence microscopy (FM), bending beam rheometer (BBR), and dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), the study assesses the aging resistance and modification mechanisms of Sasobit/REO on SBRAB. The findings indicate that the incorporation of Sasobit/REO composites more effectively reduces the mix preparation temperature than either component alone. The preparation of Sasobit/REO warm mix asphalt mixtures is feasible at temperatures 20°C lower than those required for traditional hot mixtures. These composites also enhance the performance of SBRAB at both high and low temperatures, counteracting the adverse effects associated with the individual use of Sasobit or REO. This reduced short-term aging temperature is beneficial in lessening the negative impact of high temperatures on SBRAB’s performance. Moreover, the addition of Sasobit/REO composites significantly improves the thermal cracking resistance of SBRAB mixtures. The study also demonstrates that Sasobit/REO enhances the short-term and long-term aging resistance of SBRAB, paving the way for the broader application of this novel warm mix additive in the asphalt industry.

The Impact of Climate Change on Immunity and Gut Microbiota in the Development of Disease.

According to the definition provided by the United Nations, "climate change" describes the persistent alterations in temperatures and weather trends. These alterations may arise naturally, such as fluctuations in the solar cycle. Nonetheless, since the 19th century, human activities have emerged as the primary agent for climate change, primarily attributed to the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas. Climate change can potentially influence the well-being, agricultural production, housing, safety, and employment opportunities for all individuals. The immune system is an important interface through which global climate change affects human health. Extreme heat, weather events and environmental pollutants could impair both innate and adaptive immune responses, promoting inflammation and genomic instability, and increasing the risk of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. Moreover, climate change has an impact on both soil and gut microbiome composition, which can further explain changes in human health outcomes. This narrative review aims to explore the influence of climate change on human health and disease, focusing specifically on its effects on the immune system and gut microbiota. Understanding how these factors contribute to the development of physical and mental illness may allow for the design of strategies aimed at reducing the negative impact of climate and pollution on human health.

IDENTIFIKASI MINERAL SEKUNDER UNTUK MENILAI POTENSI TANAH LAHAN PERTANIAN CABE HIYUNG DI DESA HIYUNG KABUPATEN TAPIN KALIMANTAN SELATAN

Hiyung Village is part of Tapin Tengah District, Tapin Regency, South Kalimantan. Besides rice, superior agricultural commodities in this village is Hiyung Cayenne Pepper. High demand and prices have caused more and more cayenne pepper to be cultivated. Hiyung Cayenne Pepper Cultivation is expected to increase farmers' income, so efforts are needed so that agricultural activities can continue. The sustainability of agricultural can be maintained if they are managed well. Appropriate management actions can be implemented if the soil and land characteristics are known. Soil is one of the things that really determines the success of an agricultural business, especially the availability of nutrients. Analysis of the secondary mineral composition of soil (sand) is very important in order to determine the nutrient reserves in the soil. Information about nutrient reserves in the soil can be used as a basis for good soil management so that it meets plant needs and does not cause damage to the soil and the environment. The specific aim of this research is to determine the composition of primary minerals (sand) to identify nutrient reserves in the soil. This research was carried out using a survey method to obtain data or information on soil and land characteristics and current management. Observations and soil sampling in the field were carried out at 5 locations with a distance of 1 km between locations. Sand mineral analysis uses a polarizing microscope to determine the mineral composition. Primary minerals (sand) at the research location are dominated by rock fragments and quartz. The weatherable mineral content is very small so the potential for nutrient reserves is very small.

IDENTIFIKASI MINERAL SEKUNDER UNTUK MENILAI POTENSI TANAH LAHAN PERTANIAN CABE HIYUNG DI DESA HIYUNG KABUPATEN TAPIN KALIMANTAN SELATAN

Hiyung Village is part of Tapin Tengah District, Tapin Regency, South Kalimantan. Besides rice, superior agricultural commodities in this village is Hiyung Cayenne Pepper. High demand and prices have caused more and more cayenne pepper to be cultivated. Hiyung Cayenne Pepper Cultivation is expected to increase farmers' income, so efforts are needed so that agricultural activities can continue. The sustainability of agricultural can be maintained if they are managed well. Appropriate management actions can be implemented if the soil and land characteristics are known. Soil is one of the things that really determines the success of an agricultural business, especially the availability of nutrients. Analysis of the secondary mineral composition of soil (sand) is very important in order to determine the nutrient reserves in the soil. Information about nutrient reserves in the soil can be used as a basis for good soil management so that it meets plant needs and does not cause damage to the soil and the environment. The specific aim of this research is to determine the composition of primary minerals (sand) to identify nutrient reserves in the soil. This research was carried out using a survey method to obtain data or information on soil and land characteristics and current management. Observations and soil sampling in the field were carried out at 5 locations with a distance of 1 km between locations. Sand mineral analysis uses a polarizing microscope to determine the mineral composition. Primary minerals (sand) at the research location are dominated by rock fragments and quartz. The weatherable mineral content is very small so the potential for nutrient reserves is very small.

Calcium Carbide and Wood Ash as Environmentally Friendly Soil Stabilisers for Enhanced Subgrade Performance

This study looks at the potential of waste calcium carbide (WCC) and wood ash (WA) as soil stabilisers to improve the engineering characteristics of subgrade soil. The investigation begins by characterising the properties of the untreated soil, indicating a liquid limit of 24.6%, linear shrinkage of 7.6%, and a non-plastic nature due to the lack of a plastic limit. In addition, the soil composition comprises a mere 2% of small particles measuring less than 63 µm, while a substantial 74% of the particles fall within the range of 63 µm to 2 mm. The particle density of untreated soil is found to be 2.86, beyond the typical soil limitations. Subsequently, an investigation was conducted to examine the impact of WCC and WA on Atterberg limits, compaction characteristics, and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values. The findings indicate that the incorporation of WCC and WA leads to a reduction in the liquid limit by a maximum of 18.70% and linear shrinkage by a maximum of 55.26%. Compaction properties show an increase in optimal water content (OWC) and a minor decrease in maximum dry density (MDD). Importantly, CBR values significantly improved, with the soil treated with 6% WCC and WA demonstrating a CBR value of 26.9%, exceeding the subgrade acceptability requirement in road construction. This study highlights the potential of WCC and WA as cost-effective and sustainable soil stabilisers, particularly in areas where traditional stabilising materials are limited. More research into optimisation and long-term performance can help to realise the full potential of this novel method for soil stabilization.

Magnesium in Soils of Agricultural Landscapes of Western Siberia

Background: Western Siberia has great potential for crop and livestock production; it is limited by degradation of soil fertility due to depletion of biophilic elements, including Mg. Intensification of agricultural production requires monitoring and optimization of magnesium nutrition of field crops. This study aimed at investigating changes in content of magnesium forms Gleyic Chernozems and Luvic Greyzemic Phaeozem in the Western Siberia during their long-term agricultural use. Methods: Soil samples were taken from the fields of long-term experiments in 1978, 1988 and 2019. Three cores were taken from a soil layer 0-20, 20-40 cm thick and combined into composite samples. Composite samples were kept in the archives of the institute. Chemical analysis of composite soil samples was carried out in 2020. Chemical analyzes of soil and plants were carried out by conventional methods. Magnesium forms were extracted: easily exchangeable with 0.0025 M CaCl2 solution, exchangeable with 1 M CH3COONH4, non-exchangeable with 1 M HNO3 and determined on an atomic absorption spectrometer. Result: Systematic use of the ammonia form of nitrogen fertilizers (60-120 kg a.m./ha per year) led to a decrease in mobile forms of magnesium in the most root-inhabited soil layer. The removal of magnesium by potatoes was small (8-10 kg/ha, 80 % falls on the tops). Consequently, a significant decrease in the reserves of magnesium available to plants in soils is associated not so much with the alienation of the element with yield, but with leaching processes due to the displacement of magnesium from the soil-absorbing complex by ammonium ions introduced with fertilizers and also, probably, potassium.

Assessment of Deposited Red Clay Soil in Kirkuk City Using Remote Sensing Data and GIS Techniques

This study investigates the physical characteristics of red clay using the IDW approach and linear regression modeling in an area of 268.12 km2, focusing on Kirkuk, Bor, and Jambor structures. Through the analysis of 52 soil samples and the integration of laboratory data with IDW and regression results, several significant findings have emerged. The IDW method combined with linear regression proves to be a cost-effective and efficient approach for obtaining soil property data and generating accurate digital maps of red clay’s physical features. The Silt concentration exhibits a wide range, while the gravel content remains relatively low, indicating the predominance of silt in the soil composition. Analysis of Atterberg limits reveals the soil’s behavior and consistency in response to moisture, with the plasticity index generally falling within the low to medium range due to the considerable silt content in most soil samples. The linear regression model highlights positive correlations between the liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index. Moderately positive relationships exist between the liquid limit and clay content, as well as a weak positive association between the liquid limit and specific gravity. Dry density, on the other hand, shows no significant correlation with other physical variables, suggesting its independence from the measured parameters. The plastic limit demonstrates a stronger relationship with the clay content compared to the liquid limit. Additionally, weak positive correlations are found between the liquid limit, plastic limit, and specific gravity and water content, indicating the influence of moisture on these parameters. Furthermore, gravel exhibits a moderate positive correlation with sand and silt concentrations, while a strong positive correlation is observed between sand and silt contents, underscoring their close association with the soil composition.

COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF ARTEMISIA SANTOLINIFOLIA TURCZ EX BESS. ESSENTIAL OIL

Purpose. To conduct a comparative analysis of the qualitative composition and quantitative content of components of essential oils isolated from different organs of Artemisia santolinofolia, and also to study the influence of weather conditions on the accumulation and composition of essential oils. Material and methods. The object of the study is the aerial part of A. santolinifolia, collected in the Okinsky district of the Republic of Buryatia during the flowering phase, in August 2016, 2017, 2019. Essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation. The component composition was determined by chromatography-mass spectrometry with an Agilent Packard HP 6890 gas chromatograph with a quadrupole mass spectrometer (HP MSD 5973N). Results. The highest content of essential oils is in inflorescences (0.7%) and leaves (0.7%), less in the aerial parts (0.5%) and stems (0.4%). Monoterpenoids mainly accumulate in inflorescences, sesquiterpenoids are mostly found in leaves and stems. Dominant components characteristic of all parts of the plant: 1,8-cineole (1.5–9.1%), terpineol-4 (0.7–2.8%), bornyl-2-methylbutonoate (1.5–1.8), camphor (0.4–39.5%), borneol (0.7–6.4%), bornyl acetate (3.1–5.0%), davana ether (isomer 1) (1.9–5.3%), davana ester (isomer 2) (1.1–3.2%), davanone (0.6–12.4%), caryophiollene (0.5–2.0%), bicyclogermacrene ( 0.7–6.2%), spatulenol (0.8–19.9%). The hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) was calculated and a positive correlation between HTC and the content of essential oil in the raw material was shown. Conclusions. For the first time, the component composition of essential oils isolated from the inflorescences, leaves, and stems of Artemisia santolinofolia was studied; 60 compounds related to mono- and sesquiterpene compounds were identified. The dominant components of essential oils were identified. A study of the dynamics of accumulation showed that oils are contained in all organs of the plant, therefore the entire above-ground part of the plant is collected; the optimal period for collecting raw materials is the flowering phase. The content of essential oils depends more on the amount of precipitation than on the average monthly temperature.

Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils in the family Lamiaceae

Abstract The family Lamiaceae, commonly known as the mint family, comprises a diverse group of aromatic plants known for their rich essential oil content. This systematic review aims to comprehensively evaluate the chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils derived from various species within the Lamiaceae family. A thorough literature search was conducted across reputable scientific databases, resulting in a meticulous selection of studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The review synthesizes findings from a wide range of investigations, highlighting the chemical constituents present in Lamiaceae-derived essential oils. Major components such as monoterpenes (e.g., limonene, menthol) and sesquiterpenes (e.g., caryophyllene, germacrene) are commonly identified across various species. Moreover, this review provides an extensive overview of the diverse biological activities associated with these essential oils, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and insecticidal properties. Furthermore, the systematic review discusses potential applications and implications of Lamiaceae-derived essential oils in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, agriculture, and food preservation. The comprehensive analysis presented in this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and industries interested in harnessing the immense potential of essential oils from the Lamiaceae family for a wide array of applications. Future research directions are also suggested based on identified knowledge gaps in the existing literature.

Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils in the family Lamiaceae

Abstract The family Lamiaceae, commonly known as the mint family, comprises a diverse group of aromatic plants known for their rich essential oil content. This systematic review aims to comprehensively evaluate the chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils derived from various species within the Lamiaceae family. A thorough literature search was conducted across reputable scientific databases, resulting in a meticulous selection of studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The review synthesizes findings from a wide range of investigations, highlighting the chemical constituents present in Lamiaceae-derived essential oils. Major components such as monoterpenes (e.g., limonene, menthol) and sesquiterpenes (e.g., caryophyllene, germacrene) are commonly identified across various species. Moreover, this review provides an extensive overview of the diverse biological activities associated with these essential oils, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and insecticidal properties. Furthermore, the systematic review discusses potential applications and implications of Lamiaceae-derived essential oils in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, agriculture, and food preservation. The comprehensive analysis presented in this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and industries interested in harnessing the immense potential of essential oils from the Lamiaceae family for a wide array of applications. Future research directions are also suggested based on identified knowledge gaps in the existing literature.

Experimental investigation of the effect of slenderness ratio and retention time on the separation performance of a two-phase horizontal separator

This study investigates the effect of the slenderness ratio (L/D) on the performance of a three-phase separator for constant retention times in the oil phase. The research combines experimental measurements with statistical analysis. To determine the controlling parameters of separation efficiency. The experiments varied 4 independent variables: slenderness ratios (2:1, 4:1, and 5:1); total mass flow rates (2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 GPM); oil layer thickness (9 18 27 and 36 mm) and composition. In addition, the oil flow rate, as part of the total flow, was varied to allow the oil retention time to be held constant. Taguchi and full factorial statistical analysis methods were used to analyse the results. The performance was seen to increase with increasing slenderness ratio for constant retention time. This implies that the slenderness ratio has a positive effect on separation. However, this is not a simple relationship. The main independent variables that affect separation were identified as total flow and aspect ratio, but the interaction of flow rate and slenderness ratio can cancel each other out. The interaction of the oil layer and slenderness ratio is normally insignificant but becomes controlling when the aspect ratio and flow effect cancel each other out. The performance decreases as the oil layer thickness increases and the aspect ratio decreases. This indicates that separators with shorter and wider configurations are less efficient than those with longer and slimmer designs.

Camelina Intercropping with Pulses a Sustainable Approach for Land Competition between Food and Non-Food Crops

With increasing global attention toward the need for mitigating climate change, the transition to sustainable energy sources has become an essential priority. Introducing alternative oilseed crops, such as camelina (Camelina sativa L.), into intercropping systems with staple food crops can mitigate ILUC (indirect land use change) and their negative impact on biofuel production. The present study compared camelina + field pea intercropping (ICw + IP, winter sowing) and camelina + lentil intercropping (ICs + IL, spring sowing) with their respective single crops regarding weed control, soil coverage, yields, and camelina seed quality (1000-seed weight, oil, and fatty acid composition). The comparison between different cropping systems was conducted using a one-way ANOVA. Both intercropping improved weed control at an early stage but no differences in soil coverage were found. Camelina seed yield was negatively affected by the presence of peas, whereas the pulse was unaffected. Conversely, camelina seed yield was not affected when intercropped with lentils while lentils reduced their yield in the intercropping. Furthermore, when camelina was intercropped with lentils, a significant increase was reported in 1000-seed weight and α -linolenic acid (C18:3) compared with the sole-camelina. However, both intercropping systems had a land equivalent ratio (LER, based on total seed yield at maturity) higher than one. Defining the best combination of crops and the optimal sowing and harvesting settings remain key to increasing the adoption of intercropping systems by farmers.

Research on the blocking mechanism of oily sewage reinjection based on microfluidic technology

Reinjection into reservoirs to displace oil is an environmentally friendly and efficient way to treat and use produced oily sewage. However, the permeability damage to the reservoir by the small oil droplets in the oily sewage (usually called oil-in-water, OIW) is a huge challenge in oil industry. In this work, microfluidic device is designed to qualitatively and quantitively evaluate the OIW damage using both micro-homogeneous model and micro-heterogeneous model together with core flooding experiments. The results show that OIW can cause serious permeability damage (more than 60%) to the porous media after 50 PV sewage injection due to the adsorption and accumulation of oil drops in four main forms: oil droplet blockage, column oil blockage, cluster oil blockage, and blind oil blockage. To relieve the OIW damage, according to the composition of oil in the produced water, a new oily blockage removal system, which is composed of organic solvent, surfactant, and alcohol, is developed to solve the problem of pore blockage caused by OIW. The three components in blockage removal system cooperate with each other can effectively remove the blockage in pores caused by OIW, and the permeability recovered to more than 96% of the initial permeability values after 20 PV injection of blockage removal system.

Modeling the Effect of Sulfur Composition in Dispersed Systems Involving Organosulfur Compounds

Background:: Organosulfur compounds within petroleum have far-reaching consequences for the refining industry, combustion of petroleum products, and environmental quality. They induce corrosion in refining equipment, hamper the efficient burning of petroleum products, and contribute to environmental degradation. In high-density asphalt crudes, these compounds are predominantly concentrated within asphaltenes. However, crude oils with extremely high sulfur content, may be distributed across the four constituent families defined by the SARA analysis of crude oil composition. These compounds, characterized by differing polarities, can trigger the formation of a dispersed phase, whose destabilization results in tube clogging issues. Methods:: The research problem focuses on understanding how sulfur composition affects the formation of a dispersed phase in low-polarity organic dispersion media for sulfur-containing hydrocarbons. It is investigated because the presence of sulfur in crude oil significantly affects the behavior of dispersed phases, which can result in operational and environmental quality issues to comprehensively assess the impact of sulfur composition on the dynamics and stability of this dispersed phase, we introduce a mesoscopic model based on the master equation. This model considers the molecular structure of system components and their molecular properties, established through computational quantum chemistry and statistical thermodynamics tools Results:: While our research focuses on a two-phase system, our theoretical insights suggest that increased sulfur content escalates the likelihood of destabilizing the dispersed phase. This adverse effect can be mitigated by incorporating additives capable of reducing the polarizability of the dispersion medium. The novelty lies in the development of a stochastic model to predict the dynamics of dispersed phase formation in sulfur-containing hydrocarbons. This model considers molecular interactions and stochastic processes, offering insights into the influence of sulfur composition on phase behavior. Conclusion:: A stochastic model, based on molecular structure, predicts accelerated formation with increased sulfur concentration, reaching non-equilibrium steady states. Limitations include ad hoc transition probabilities and the exclusion of factors like density and viscosity. Real crudes, with complex compositions, may exhibit different behavior. The presence of sulfur in the dispersion medium enhances the stability of the dispersed system. Our work sheds light on the intricate interplay between sulfur content and the performance of petroleum systems, offering potential solutions to mitigate these issues. Quantitative results include accelerated dispersed phase formation with increased sulfur concentration. Qualitatively, molecular interactions and stochastic processes were explored, highlighting sulfur's impact on phase dynamics.

Do Climate Conditions Affect the Quality of the Apiaceae Fruits’ Essential Oils?

This study investigated the impact of climate conditions on the quality of essential oils extracted from Apiaceae fruits, specifically coriander (Coriandrum sativum var. microcarpum), aniseed (Pimpinella anisum), and annual caraway (Carum carvi var. annuum) grown at three distinct locations in Serbia over three consecutive years. Field experiments were conducted, and essential oils were extracted using a Clevenger-type apparatus followed by gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis for compound identification. Weather conditions during the vegetation periods were recorded, and statistical analyses, including principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis, were performed to assess the volatile compound compositions. Results indicate significant correlations among various compounds within each fruit type, with distinct patterns observed across different years. PCA further elucidates the influence of both year and sampling location on the chemical profiles of essential oils. Cluster analysis reveals clustering primarily based on the year of cultivation rather than geographical location, emphasizing the dominant role of weather conditions in shaping essential oil compositions. This study highlights the intricate relationship between climate conditions and the quality of essential oils in Apiaceae fruits, providing valuable insights for optimizing cultivation practices and enhancing essential oil production. In general, climate conditions strongly influence the coriander, anise, and annual caraway cultivation, and also essential oil quality.

Emerging techniques for the trace elemental analysis of plants and food-based extracts: A comprehensive review

This comprehensive review investigates the dynamic landscape of trace elemental analysis methodologies applied to plants and food-based extracts. The exploration spans from the inception of techniques to the latest procedures, contributing to heightened precision and sensitivity in elemental detection. According to the WHO, herbal plants and medicine from varied soil compositions serve as crucial therapeutic agents for 70–80 % of the world's population. Yet, their susceptibility to trace element toxicity poses a significant risk to human health. Rising population and increased food demands have led to environmental pollution, contaminating the food chain through unintended activities like industrialization, mining, and pesticide production. The elemental composition of plants and derived extracts is central to comprehending nutritional profiles, evaluating product quality, and ensuring food safety. Methodological advancements, progressing from manual procedures to sophisticated technologies such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF), neutron activation analysis (NAA), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP OES), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), are delineated. Recent strides in paper-based electrochemical sensors are highlighted for their distinctive capabilities and elucidation of associated advantages and limitations.Moreover, the review delves into innovative sample preparation methodologies, encompassing microwave-assisted digestion and solid-phase microextraction, to amplify the efficiency of elemental extraction and subsequent analysis. Integrating data analytics and machine learning in elucidating complex elementary datasets is explored, underscoring the potential for heightened accuracy and automation in trace elemental analysis. This review compiles literature data, summarizing sample preparation methods for various herbal parts (roots, soil, stems, bark, fruits, food). Standard protocols from WHO, United States Pharmacopeia-National Formulary (USP-FR), Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy (AYUSH) are considered. Lead, Cadmium, Mercury, and Arsenic are the primary toxic elements of concern in herbal medicines. This review furnishes valuable insights tailored for researchers, analysts, and policymakers actively involved in advancing the domain of trace elemental analysis in plants and food-based extract.

Critical roles of soil composition and pollutant properties on the degradation of PPCPs during ferrous/persulfate processes

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are widely used worldwide and cause potential soil pollution. Fe2+-activated persulfate (PS) processes (Fe-PAPs) are promising techniques for soil remediation. However, a knowledge gap exists in the mechanistic insights into the dominant factors affecting the degradation of different PPCPs in varied soil types. This study systematically investigated the roles of soil components and pollutant properties in the degradation of three PPCPs (triclosan (TCS), triclocarban (TCC), and naproxen (NPS)) in the nine soils in the Fe2+/PS system. The degradation efficiencies of TCS and NPS ranged from 10.92 % to 91.62 % and 46.59 % to 99.81 %, respectively, whereas nearly no degradation was observed for TCC. PPCPs with high water- solubility, high energies of the highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO), low pKa values, low energy gap (ΔE), or low vertical ionization potential (VIP) were more favorable for degradation. XPS analysis suggested that aliphatic carbon (Ali–C–C(H)), ether or alcohol carbon (C–O), and aldehyde or ketonic carbon (CO) on SOM significantly inhibited TCS degradation. The results of ROS quenching experiments showed that SO4•− and 1O2 played major roles in TCS and NPS degradation in the six soils, with the relative contributions ranged from 24.82 % to 99.14 % and 0.15 % to 73.40 %, respectively. The interaction between soil components, active species, and pollutants resulted in the distinct intermediates of TCS and NPS in different soils. Our findings provide in-depth insights into the role of soil composition and pollutant properties on the remediation of PPCP-contaminated soils in Fe-PAPs.