Changes In Composition Research Articles

Changes in Species Composition, Diversity, and Biomass of Secondary Dry Grasslands Following Long-Term Mowing: A Case Study in Hungary

Changes in Species Composition, Diversity, and Biomass of Secondary Dry Grasslands Following Long-Term Mowing: A Case Study in Hungary

Differential Impact of Subcutaneous and Visceral Fat on Bone Changes after Gastrectomy.

Osteoporosis and fragility fractures are crucial musculoskeletal complications in long-term survivors of gastric cancer. However, the relationship between changes in body composition after gastrectomy and bone loss has not been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to explore whether computed tomography (CT)-derived body composition parameters are associated with bone loss after gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer. We retrospectively reviewed medical records and abdomen CT scans of patients who underwent gastrectomy at Yonsei University Severance Hospital between 2009 and 2018. Patients with non-metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma and preoperative and postoperative non-contrast CT scans were analyzed. Section area of skeletal muscle (SMA), visceral fat (VFA), and subcutaneous fat (SFA) were assessed using semi-automatic segmentation software. Changes in trabecular bone attenuation of L1 mid-vertebra level (L1 Hounsfield units [HU]) were measured. Fifty-seven patients (mean age, 65.5±10.6; 70.2% males) were analyzed, and the median duration was 31 months. Fortyseven patients (82.5%) lost weight after gastrectomy. Baseline SMA and VFA did not differ between the bone loss and preserved groups; however, baseline SFA was significantly higher in the bone preserved group than in the bone loss group (P=0.020). In a multivariable linear regression model adjusted for confounding factors, one standard deviation higher VFA at baseline was associated with greater annualized L1 HU loss (%) (P=0.034). However, higher preoperative SFA was associated with protection against bone loss after gastrectomy (P=0.025). Higher preoperative SFA exhibited a protective effect against bone loss after gastrectomy in patients with non-metastatic gastric cancer, whereas VFA exhibited a negative effect.

Structural change and economic growth: Causality relationships in the case of Poland

Research background: Structural change and economic growth characterise any process of economic development and have relevant research background. However, the research on identification of a character of relationships between the phenomena are not conclusive. Researchers either find that economic growth induces structural change and the process is demand-driven or that structural change determines economic growth and the dependencies are supply-driven or that the relation is two-directional with overlapping interdependencies. Moreover, the association may be shaped differently depending on specific development conditions of each economy and transform over time. Purpose of the article: The aim of the study is to investigate the relationships between economic growth and structural change in the sectional composition of employment in Poland using state-level quarterly data for 2008–2022. It empirically verifies whether economic growth determines structural change or changes in economic structure influence growth in this specific national context, giving insights into a character of the developmental interdependencies. However, the Polish case is only an example of developmental feedbacks that may specify any catching-up economy. Diagnosing the dominating character of the economic relation is of high importance for any modern transforming country and identifying any limitations to the interdependencies may make it possible to avoid the middle-income trap. Methods: The paper examines the causality using Granger-test and analyses the relationships with VAR models. It uses some alternative measures of structural change, namely Norm of Absolute Value (NAV), Modified Lilien Index (MLI), and Clark Index (CI) to catch labour reallocation across sections of economic activity (NACE Rev. 2). They are then adopted in lead-lag models of relationships with economic growth. Findings & value added: The study browses the classical three-sectoral approach to structural transformation using a more detailed structural layout to capture its modern character. Moreover, it compares alternative measures of structural change to derive more detailed conclusions. Methodologically, the study highlights the need for in-depth research into structural change with finer aggregation and measures with different properties. The paper is focused on a specific situation in the Polish economy, for which the relationships have not yet been verified. However, the findings are more universal and may be interesting for any catching-up economy that plans its development policy and needs to focus either on demand- or supply side-relationships. The results suggest rather unidirectional causality running from economic growth to structural change and thus a demand-driven character of the structural modernisation of the Polish economy. This implies the necessity to build stronger inter-sectoral linkages that enable spillover effects that can accelerate growth and induce mutually reinforcing mechanisms of development.

The Biomolecular Basis of Gut Microbiome on Neurological Diseases

The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbors many microorganisms, including viruses, protozoa, archaea, fungi, and bacteria. Altogether, these microbes constitute what we know as the gut microbiome (GM). These commensal communities have important implications for human health. They influence physiological processes through different mechanisms, including synthesizing neurotransmitters, regulating enzymatic pathways, and releasing molecules responsible for different signal pathways. The interaction between GM and brain function has been associated with the development and pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric diseases. This review discusses current studies targeting the regulation and modulation of GM in nerve, neuroendocrine, and immune pathways. Thus, we analyze current evidence on transcription, changes in composition, and specific interactions between the gut and brain from a biomolecular perspective. Special attention is paid to mood disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.

Evaluation of Physical Properties in Carboxymethyl Chitosan Modified Glass Ionomer Cements and the Effect for Dentin Remineralization: SEM/EDX, Compressive Strength, and Ca/P Ratio.

The aim of this article was to evaluate the effects of modifying glass ionomer cement (GIC) with carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) on surface morphology and remineralization outcomes by examining dentin morphology and calcium ion composition changes. Thirty holes in a cylindrical acrylic mold were filled with three groups of restorative materials: GIC, GIC modified with CMC (GIC-CMC) 5%, and GIC-CMC10%. The surface morphology of each group's materials was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The compressive strength measurement was performed using a universal testing machine. The dentin remineralization process was performed by applying GIC, GIC-CMC5%, and GIC-CMC10% materials for 14 days on demineralized dentin cavities treated with 17% ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) for 7 days. A morphological evaluation was conducted using SEM. The calcium ion composition and calcium-to-phosphorous (Ca/P) ratio were examined using an energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). The Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc Mann-Whitney U tests were performed to compare all four groups of calcium ions (p < 0.05). The modification of GIC with CMC affected the morphological changes in the materials in the form of reduced porosity and increased fractures. A significant difference was found in compressive strength between the GIC-CMC modification materials of GIC-CMC5% and GIC-CMC10% and the GIC control group. The dentin tubule morphology and surface changes were observed after applying GIC, GIC-CMC5%, and GIC-CMC10% materials for 14 days, as evaluated by SEM. The EDX examination showed an increase in calcium ion content and hydroxyapatite formation (Ca/P ratio) after applying the GIC-CMC10% material. The surface porosity of the GIC modification material with the addition of CMC tended to decrease. However, an increase in cracked surfaces that widened, along with the rise in CMC percentage, was found. This modification also reduced the compressive strength of the materials, with the lowest average yield at 10% CMC addition. Therefore, the modification of GIC with CMC affects changes in morphology, calcium ion composition, and Ca/P ratio in demineralized dentin.

Microbiome variations induced by delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol predict weight reduction in obese mice

IntroductionObesity and high-fat diets induce consistent alterations in gut microbiota composition. Observations from epidemiological reviews and experiments also illustrate weight regulation effects of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) with microbiome shifts. Therefore, we investigated the weight-loss potential of THC in obese mice models and to elucidate the contribution of specific gut microbiome changes in THC-induced weight loss.MethodsHigh-fat diet induced obese mice were treated with oral THC supplementation for two weeks and compared with controls. In addition to measuring weight, fecal samples were obtained at various timepoints, sequenced for bacterial 16s rRNA content and analyzed using QIIME2. Alpha and beta diversity were computed followed by linear mixed effects (LME) modeling of bacterial relative abundance relationship to THC treatment and weight change.ResultsIn both male and female mice, the THC group had significantly greater average weight loss than controls (−17.8% vs. −0.22%, p&amp;lt;0.001 and −13.8% vs. +2.9%, p&amp;lt;0.001 respectively). Male mice had 8 bacterial taxonomic features that were both significantly different in relative abundance change over time with THC and correlated with weight change. An LME model using three bacterial features explained 76% of the variance in weight change with 24% of variation explained by fixed effects of feature relative abundance alone. The model also accurately predicted weight change in a second male mouse cohort (R=0.64, R2=0.41, p=&amp;lt;0.001). Female mice had fewer significant predictive features and were difficult to model, but the male-produced 3-feature model still accurately predicted weight change in the females (R=0.66, R2=0.44, p&amp;lt;0.001).ConclusionUsing a stepwise feature selection approach, our results indicate that sex-specific gut microbiome composition changes play some role in THC-induced weight loss. Additionally, we illustrated the concept of microbiome feature-based modeling to predict weight changes.

Comprehensive Amelioration of Metabolic Dysfunction through Administration of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum APsulloc 331261 (GTB1™) in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mice

The beneficial effects of probiotics for the improvement of metabolic disorders have been studied intensively; however, these effects are evident in a probiotic strain-specific and disease-specific manner. Thus, it is still essential to evaluate the efficacy of each strain against a target disease. Here, we present an anti-obese and anti-diabetic probiotic strain, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum APsulloc331261 (GTB1™), which was isolated from green tea and tested for safety previously. In high-fat-diet-induced obese mice, GTB1™ exerted multiple beneficial effects, including significant reductions in adiposity, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia, which were further supported by improvements in levels of circulating hormones and adipokines. Lipid metabolism in adipose tissues was restored through the activation of PPAR/PGC1α signaling by GTB1™ treatment, which was facilitated by intestinal microbiota composition changes and short-chain fatty acid production. Our findings provide evidence to suggest that GTB1™ is a potential candidate for probiotic supplementation for comprehensive improvement in metabolic disorders.

The Effect of Thermal Action on the Change in the Chemical Composition of the Surface Layers of a Titanium Alloy, with a Sprayed Carbon Film, after Irradiation with N&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; Ions

The effect of thermal exposure under high vacuum conditions on the chemical composition of the surface layers of the VT6 alloy with mixed implantation of N+ ions by a carbon film is investigated. It is shown that under the conditions of thermal exposure, the change in the concentration profiles of the distribution of elements is determined by the processes of chemical interaction, in which the diffusion of carbon and nitrogen into deeper layers does not occur. On the contrary, their concentration decreases and this is due to the formation of volatile compounds CO, CO2 or (CH)2 under thermal exposure. Titanium in the surface analyzed layer is in an oxidized state with various degrees of oxidation. Up to a depth of about 10 nm, the oxidation state of titanium is Ti4+ and Ti3+, and in the transition region of the film/substrate is Ti2+.

Automatic assessment of body composition in children with lymphoma: results of a [18F]FDG-PET/MR study.

To use Dixon-MR images extracted from [18F]FDG-PET/MR scans to perform an automatic, volumetric segmentation and quantification of body composition in pediatric patients with lymphoma. Pediatric patients with lymphoma examined by [18F]FDG-PET/MR at diagnosis and restaging were included. At each time point, axial fat and water Dixon T1w images of the thighs were automatically segmented and muscle volume, subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intermuscular fat volume were quantified. The metabolic activity of the largest nodal lesion and of muscles and subcutaneous fat was recorded. The paired samples t-test and Spearman's correlation coefficient were applied to evaluate potential differences between the two time points and the relationship between metabolic and body composition metrics, respectively. By logistic regression analysis, the prognostic role of the investigated variables was assessed. The applied significance level was p < 0.05 for all analyses. Thirty-seven patients (mean age ± SD 14 ± 3-years-old; 20 females) matched the inclusion criteria. After chemotherapy (interval between the two PET/MR scans, 56-80 days; median 65 days), muscle volume significantly decreased (629 ± 259 cm3 vs 567 ± 243 cm3, p < 0.001) while subcutaneous, intramuscular and intermuscular fat increased (476 ± 255 cm3 vs 607 ± 254 cm3, p < 0.001; 63 ± 20 cm3 vs 76 ± 26 cm3, p < 0.001; 58 ± 19 cm3 vs 71 ± 23 cm3, p < 0.001); the metabolic activity of the main nodal lesion, muscles, and subcutaneous fat significantly decreased (p < 0.05, each). None of the examined variables acted as predictors of the response to treatment (p = 0.283). A strong correlation between BMI and subcutaneous fat volume at diagnosis (r = 0.675, p < 0.001) and restaging (r = 0.600, p < 0.001) emerged. The proposed method demonstrated that pediatric patients with lymphoma undergo muscle loss and an increase of subcutaneous fat during treatment. The proposed automatic and volumetric MR-based assessment of body composition in children with lymphoma can be used to monitor the effect of chemotherapy and may guide tailored exercise programs during chemotherapy. T1w Dixon images can be used for the automatic segmentation and quantification of body composition. Muscle and subcutaneous fat volume do not act as predictors of the response to treatment in children with lymphoma. Chemotherapy induces changes in body composition in children with lymphoma.

What Drives Carbon Emissions in German Manufacturing: Scale, Technique or Composition?

AbstractEmissions of local pollutants from industry have declined across many developed countries over the last decades. For carbon emissions such reductions have yet to materialize. Using German administrative micro-data at the product level, we apply the workhorse model for decomposing emission changes into scale, composition (changes in the mix of goods produced) and technology (emission factors of production) effects. We find that the production composition in German manufacturing shifted towards less CO2 intensive goods, while emission intensities of production increased. We show that data aggregation matters. Both effects are substantially underestimated when using data at the sector level as compared to the product level. A complementary plant level decomposition reveals that emission intensities of production increased both within plant, and due to a reallocation of production to more emission intensive plants.

Germination response to winter temperature changes with seed shape and length of temperature exposure.

In many regions, the climate is changing faster during winter than during the other seasons, and a loss of snow cover combined with increased temperature variability can expose overwintering organisms to harmful conditions. Understanding how species respond to these changes during critical developmental times, such as seed germination, helps us assess the ecological implications of winter climate change. To address this concern, we measured the breaking of seed dormancy and cold tolerance of temperate grassland species in the lab and field. In the lab, we ran germination trials testing the tolerance of 17 species to an extreme cold event. In the field, we deployed seeds of two species within a snow manipulation experiment at three locations and measured germination success biweekly from seeds subjected to ambient and reduced snow cover from winter into spring. From lab trials, cold tolerance varied among species, with seed germination decreasing <10%-100% following extreme cold events. Cold tolerance was related to seed traits, specifically less round seeds, seeds that required cold stratification, and seeds that mature later in the season tended to be more impacted by extreme cold temperatures. This variation in seed cold tolerance may contribute to altered community composition with continued winter climate change. In the field, germination increased through late winter, coinciding with the accumulation of days where temperatures were favorable for cold stratification. Through spring, germination success decreased as warm temperatures accumulated. Collectively, species-specific seed cold tolerances and mortality rates may contribute to compositional changes in grasslands under continued winter climate change.

Effect of progestin-based contraceptives on HIV-associated vaginal immune biomarkers and microbiome in adolescent girls.

Adolescent girls bear a disproportionate burden of both the HIV epidemic and unintended pregnancies; yet important questions remain unanswered regarding the effects of hormonal contraceptives on the vaginal immune microenvironment, which can impact HIV susceptibility in this group. Multiple studies report genital immune alterations associated with the progestin-based contraceptive Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) in adult women, but there is little available data in adolescents. The objective of this longitudinal cohort study was to evaluate the effects of short-term use of three progestin-based contraceptives, levonorgestrel intrauterine device (LNG-IUD), subdermal etonogestrel (ETNG), and injectable DMPA, on HIV-associated vaginal immune biomarkers and microbiome in adolescent girls. Fifty-nine sexually active, HIV-uninfected girls aged 15-19, were recruited from the Washington DC metro area and self-selected into Control (condoms only), combined oral contraceptive pills, LNG-IUD, ETNG and DMPA groups. Vaginal swabs were collected at baseline prior to contraceptive use and at 3-month follow-up visit. Vaginal secretions were tested for pro-inflammatory (IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, MIP-3α, IP-10, RANTES, MIP-1α, MIP-1β) and anti-inflammatory/anti-HIV (Serpin-A1, Elafin, Beta-Defensin-2, SLPI) immune biomarkers using ELISA and for anti-HIV activity using TZM-bl assay. Vaginal microbiome was evaluated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Data were analyzed using SAS Version 9. Among the 34 participants who completed both visits, no significant changes in median biomarker concentrations, HIV inhibition and microbiome composition were observed between baseline and follow-up visits for any of the contraceptive groups. IL-8 (p<0.01), MIP-3α (0.02), Elafin (p = 0.03) and RANTES (p<0.01) differed significantly by race whereas IL-6 was significantly different by age (p = 0.03). We conclude that 3-month use of LNG-IUD, ETNG and DMPA have minimal effects on adolescent vaginal immune microenvironment, and therefore unlikely to impact HIV risk. Future studies with larger sample size and longer follow-up are recommended to continue to evaluate effects of contraceptives on the lower genital tract immunity and susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections.

Population dynamics and palaeoenvironmental inferences of Turonian planktonic foraminiferal assemblages from SE Tanzania and ODP Site 762 (Exmouth Plateau, eastern Indian Ocean)

The Tanzania Drilling Program (TDP) recovered hemipelagic sediments from land-based boreholes that yielded extraordinarily well-preserved, diverse Turonian foraminifera. Reliable oxygen and carbon isotopic analyses through most of the Turonian Stage and biostratigraphic data were documented. This study compares Turonian foraminiferal population dynamics and associated geochemical proxy records among the TDP boreholes with correlative records from Ocean Drilling Program Site 762 (Exmouth Plateau, eastern Indian Ocean). The two regions were separated by ∼12° latitude and ∼5000 km of ocean, with the Indian continental plate located between. Taxonomic turnover is similar and is nearly simultaneous in both regions across the transition from the Helvetoglobotruncana helvetica Zone to the Falsotruncana maslakovae Zone (∼93.0 Ma). Changes include overlapping extinctions of all helvetoglobotruncanids, most dicarinellids and one species of Praeglobotruncana and subsequent first appearances of marginotruncanid and falsotruncanid species. Increased abundance of biserial planktonic foraminifera is recorded at multiple TDP sites and at Site 762 across the contact of the Fa. maslakovae and Huberella huberi zones c. 0.5 Myr after the Hv. helvetica / Fa. maslakovae transition. Geochemical records at the two sites do not indicate associated palaeoenvironmental changes in surface water conditions that would explain coordinated changes in species composition on opposites sides of the Indian Ocean.

FADD regulates adipose inflammation, adipogenesis, and adipocyte survival

Adipose tissue, aside from adipocytes, comprises various abundant immune cells. The accumulation of low-grade chronic inflammation in adipose tissue serves as a primary cause and hallmark of insulin resistance. In this study, we investigate the physiological roles of FADD in adipose tissue inflammation, adipogenesis, and adipocyte survival. High levels of Fadd mRNA were observed in mitochondrial-rich organs, particularly brown adipose tissue. To explore its metabolic functions, we generated global Fadd knockout mice, resulting in embryonic lethality, while heterozygous knockout (Fadd+/−) mice did not show any significant changes in body weight or composition. However, Fadd+/− mice exhibited reduced respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and serum cholesterol levels, along with heightened global and adipose inflammatory responses. Furthermore, AT masses and expression levels of adipogenic and lipogenic genes were decreased in Fadd+/− mice. In cellular studies, Fadd inhibition disrupted adipogenic differentiation and suppressed the expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes in cultured adipocytes. Additionally, Fadd overexpression caused adipocyte death in vitro with decreased RIPK1 and RIPK3 expression, while Fadd inhibition downregulated RIPK3 in iWAT in vivo. These findings collectively underscore the indispensable role of FADD in adipose inflammation, adipogenesis, and adipocyte survival.

No Evidence of Gut Microbiota Alteration in Psoriasis Patients Switching to Brodalumab after Loss of TNFα Inhibition Effect

Biological agents used to treat severe psoriasis may alter the gut microbiota, though current knowledge is limited. This study examines whether switching from TNFα inhibitors, from which patients had reduced or lost effect, to brodalumab, an IL-17 inhibitor, affects the gut microbiota in patients with psoriasis and how these changes correlate with the clinical variables of psoriasis severity and depressive symptoms. Fecal samples from patients were collected before the treatment switch and 12 weeks after the switch and were analyzed for the microbiota composition using next-generation sequencing targeting the V3–V5 region of the 16S rRNA gene, followed by bioinformatics analysis. No significant changes in overall gut microbiota composition were observed after the treatment switch, although individual variations in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio were noted, and no significant correlations with clinical variables were found. These findings suggest that short-term changes in gut microbiota in patients with psoriasis are limited and that dysbiosis may be influenced by the interplay of various microbial populations rather than specific taxa. This study provides a foundation for further research into the effects of biological treatments on the gut microbiota in patients with psoriasis.

Novel anthropometric indices are superior adiposity indexes to portend visual impairment in middle-aged and older Chinese population

ObjectiveTo investigate differential associations of traditional and novel adiposity indices with visual impairment (VI) in the middle-aged and older Chinese population.Methods and analysisBased on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal...

The Yen Bay Rebellion (1930) and internal security policy in French Indochina

The article contents an analysis of the French experience of anti-colonial struggle in the era of Interbellum in the Indochina region. Special attention is devoted to the degree and speed of the response of the French colonial administration and the metropolis to the events taking place. The article presents the characteristics of French military thought regarding the specifics of conducting combat operations against the rebels using aviation and native units. Attention is focused on the problem of the loyalty of the Vietnamese people, their attitude to French rule. The main fears of the French in connection with the growth of Vietnamese national identity as a threat to the colonial order are revealed. The importance of the events in Yen Bai is emphasized from the point of view of further measures by Paris to ensure internal security in the Indochina region. The changes in the national composition of the French colonial army in Indochina are shown. The uprising affected not only the army, but also the political police of France – «Sûreté». The work shows that the uprising did not receive universal support from the local population. The reaction of a part of French society to the events in Yen Bai is analyzed. Special attention is paid to the personality of Pierre Pasquier, Governor-General of Indochina, who personified the conservative part of the French colonial bureaucracy, whose attitude towards local peoples in the Interbellum era rather complicated relations between the metropolis and dependent territories. On the other hand, attention is drawn to the impact of the events in Yen Bai on changes in both the composition and leadership of the driving political force of the revolutionary struggle in Indochina. It was at this time that the National Party of Vietnam lost its leading position in the vanguard of the anti-colonial struggle to the Communist Party of Indochina.

Computational estimation of clonal diversity in autoimmunity.

Diversity is the cornerstone of the adaptive immune system, crucial for its effectiveness against constantly evolving pathogens that pose threats to higher vertebrates. Accurately measuring and interpreting this diversity presents challenges for immunologists, as changes in diversity and clonotype composition can tip the balance between protective immunity and autoimmunity. In this review, we present the current methods commonly used to measure diversity from single-cell T-cell receptor and B-cell receptor sequencing. We also discuss two case studies where single-cell sequencing and diversity estimations have led to breakthroughs in autoimmune disease discovery and therapeutic innovation, and reflect upon the necessity andimportance of accurately defining and measuring lymphocyte diversity in these contexts.

Association of changes in predicted body composition with subsequent risk of dementia.

The effect of body composition change on the risk of dementia is not clear. This study analyzed the associations of changes in predicted lean body mass index (pLBMI), predicted appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (pASMI), and predicted body fat mass index (pBFMI) with the risk of dementia. In this nationwide cohort study, data were obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. The exposure was defined as changes in pLBMI, pASMI, and pBFMI derived from validated prediction equations. The outcome was dementia, defined based on the dementia diagnosis with prescription of anti-dementia medication. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to obtain the hazard ratio with a 95% confidence interval for risk of dementia according to changes in predicted body composition. A total of 13,215,208 individuals with no prior record of dementia who underwent health screenings twice between 2009-2010 and 2011-2012 were included. A 1-kg/m2 increase in pLBMI and pASMI had an association with reduced risk of dementia (aHR: 0.85, 95% CI 0.84-0.87; aHR: 0.70, 95% CI 0.69-0.72, respectively for men, and aHR: 0.69, 95% CI 0.67-0.71; aHR: 0.59, 95% CI 0.57-0.61, respectively for women). A 1-kg/m2 increase in pBFMI had an association with a raised risk of dementia (aHR: 1.19, 95% CI 1.17-1.21 for men and aHR: 1.53, 95% CI 1.48-1.57 for women). These results remained consistent regardless of sex or weight change. Increase in pLBMI or pASMI, or reduction in pBFMI was linked to lower risk of dementia.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПРОЦЕССОВ ТЕРМИЧЕСКОЙ ДЕСТРУКЦИИ ОГНЕЗАЩИТНЫХ ВСПУЧИВАЮЩИХСЯ СОСТАВОВ МЕТОДОМ ИНФРАКРАСНОЙ СПЕКТРОСКОПИИ

An infrared spectroscopy study of changes in chemical composition as a result of thermal destruction of flame-retardant bulging coatings based on an acrylic organo-soluble binder, as well as on a vinyl water-soluble binder, was carried out. Absorption bands characteristic of flame retardant components and binders included in the coatings under study have been established. The absorption bands undergoing the most significant changes at temperatures from 100 to 500 °C are selected and the optical densities of the selected bands are calculated. Using the ratio of the optical densities of the selected absorption bands, spectral criteria for each temperature were calculated and calibration dependences were constructed, which subsequently allowed them to be used to determine the degree of thermal damage to the studied flame retardant coatings. It is shown that the IR spectroscopy method will allow solving issues related to the study of flame-retardant bulging coatings and their residues formed as a result of temperature exposure in a fire.